تأثیر محلول پاشی اوره، نیترات کلسیم و اسیدبوریک بر رشد و عملکرد خیار گلخانه ای رقم خسیب

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• ناصر نصراله زاده اصل ¹
• مجتبی دلشاد ²
• عبدالکریم کاشی ²

¹ دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد علوم و تحقیقات تهران

² دانشگاه تهران

https://doi.org/10.22067/jhorts4.v0i0.22914

چکیده

به منظور بررسی تأثیر محلول پاشی برگی بر روی خیار گلخانه‌ای رقم خسیب، آزمایشی به مدت 5 ماه (اسفند ماه 86 تا تیرماه 87) در مرکز آموزش فنی و حرفه‌ای زیبادشت واقع در 15 کیلومتری شهرستان کرج به اجرا گذاشته شد. برای دستیابی به عملکرد و کیفیت بالای محصول، محلول پاشی برگی در داخل گلخانه‌های سبزی و صیفی ضروری به نظر می رسد. به همین دلیل آزمایشی به صورت کرت‌های دو بار خرد شده در سه تکرارانجام شد که در آن اثرات کود اوره، نیترات کلسیم و اسیدبوریک به ترتیب در غلظت های (0 و 3)، (0 و 10) و (0 و 5/0) گرم در لیتر بر روی صفات کمی و کیفی خیار گلخانه‌ای از جمله عملکرد کل میوه، عملکرد میوه درجه یک، تعداد کل میوه، درصد میوه‌های درجه یک، قند میوه، طول بوته، درصد ماده خشک برگ و نسبت وزن برگ خیار مطالعه گردید. نتایج نشان داد که از بین اثرات ساده محلول پاشی، تیمار نیترات کلسیم بیشترین تأثیر را روی اکثر صفات مورد نظر گذاشت. همچنین از بین اثرات متقابل دوگانه محلول پاشی تیمار U1B1(اسیدبوریک – اوره در غلظت های 5/0و 3 گرم در لیتر) بیشترین تأثیر را روی عملکرد میوه درجه یک گذاشت. و از میان اثرات متقابل سه گانه محلول پاشی، تنها تیمار U1C0B0 (اسیدبوریک - نیترات کلسیم- اوره در غلظت های 0، 0 و 3 گرم در لیتر) بیشترین تأثیر را روی عملکرد کل میوه، عملکرد میوه درجه یک و تعداد کل میوه بر جای گذاشت. نتایج حاصل حاکی از آن است که تیمار نیترات کلسیم با بیشترین تأثیر گذاری بر روی اکثر صفات مورد نظر در رتبه اول قرار داشته و سایر تیمارها از جمله تیمار U1C0B0 و U1B1 به ترتیب در رده های بعدی تأثیر گذاری قرار داشتند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• تغذیه برگی
• طول بوته
• عناصر پر مصرف و کم مصرف
• قند میوه
• نسبت وزن برگ

20.1001.1.20084730.1396.31.1.18.0

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effects of Foliar Application of Urea, Calcium Nitrate and Boric Acid on Growth and Yield of Greenhouse Cucumber (cv. Khassib)

نویسندگان [English]

• Naser Nasrolahzadehasl ¹
• Mojtaba Delshad ²
• Abdolkarim Kashi ²

¹ Islamic Azad University Science and research unit Tehran

² Tehran University

چکیده [English]

Introduction: Cucumis sativus L. is one of the most eminent and consuming vegetables which is widely cultivated in the Middle East. Using the controlled and greenhouse cultivation is one of the most appropriate methods to increase production per unit area. In this method, controlling the effective factors of production such as plant nutrition is the important factor to achieve high performance. Besides the accuracy applied in nutritional regulation of plant roots (both in soil and hypothermic environments), in many cases, foliar nutrition is considered by breeder of greenhouse productions. Foliar nutrition is more effective on young leaves, and deficiency of macro and micro nutrients can be removed by this factor. Khassib is one of the most important cultivar of greenhouse cucumber which is widely cultivated in Iran. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of foliar application on greenhouse cucumber.
Materials and Methods: The experiment was performed on greenhouse cucumber (cv. Khassib) for five months (from March 2007 to July 2008) in Ziba Dasht Technical Instruction Center which is located near Karaj, Iran. For this reason the experiment was conducted based on split-split-plot design with three replications. Eight experimental treatments were applied for foliar application including U1C1B1: urea + calcium nitrate +boric acid, U1C1B0: urea + calcium nitrate, U1C0B1: urea + boric acid, U1C0B0: urea, U0C1B1: calcium nitrate + boric acid, U0C1B0: calcium nitrate, U0C0B1: boric acid, U0C0B0: control. The effects of urea, calcium nitrate and boric acid in concentrations 3, 10 and 0.5 (gL-1) respectively on qualitative and quantitative characteristics of greenhouse cucumber, including fruit yield, yield of first class fruit, number of fruits, percentage of first class fruit, fruits T.S.S, plant length, percentage of leaf dry matter, and leaf weight ratio were studied.
Results and Discussion: The results showed that calcium nitrate had a significant effect on fruit yield at 5% probability level. Foliar application of calcium nitrate with concentration of 10 gL-1resulted in an increase of yield so that the average of fruit yield for sprayed plants was 3917.9 g per plant, while this value in control plants was 3576.5 g. Boric acid with concentration of 0.5 gL-1 had a remarkable effect on fruit yield at 5% probability level that enhanced the average of yield from 3591.6 to 3902.8 g per plant. The interaction of U×C×B treatment on fruit yield at 1% probability level was significant, while this value was not found among other treatments. Foliar application with calcium nitrate results in an increase of yield and production in young and growing fruits. The augmentation of yield in treatment U1C0B0 due to the facts that pure urea and calcium nitrate have 46% and 16% nitrogen, respectively, i.e., extra nitrogen causes toxicity and branching instead of fruiting. Among three-way interactions, U×C×B statistically had a remarkable impact on the yield of first class fruit at 1% probability level and also the maximum and minimum of this value belonged to U1C0B0 and control, respectively. Only U×C×B had a remarkable impact on plant length among all interactions. Generally, the growth of cucumber depends on genetic features, temperature and soil productivity. The highest level of leaf area index was for calcium nitrate that indicated the significant effect at 5 % probability level with the mean of 15.89. When we compare the foliar application treatments with fosamko, it can be found that the spraying treatments affected leaf dry matter significantly at 1% and 5% probability levels, while this value was not found for control treatments. However, there was no significant difference between using and not using nutrition compared to fosamko on yield.
Conclusion: According to the findings of the present study the following factors can be concluded: a) Among the main effects, calcium nitrate played the eminent role on most traits, after that boric acid and finally urea carried this role; b) Among two-way interaction, only U1B1, as foliar application, significantly affected the yield of grade 1 fruit; c) Among three-way interactions, only U1C0B0, as foliar application, significantly affected the yield of grade 1 fruit, total fruit and the number of fruit; d) There was no a significant change on qualitative features of cucumber using nutrition compared to fosamko. Therefore, cucumber production can be performed by cheaper methods with no change in qualitative characteristics. Finally, due to the fact that cucumber is one of the most important vegetables in Iran, it is suggested that various studies with different fertilizers will be conducted on cucumber.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Foliar nutrition
• Fruit sugar
• Leaf weight ratio
• Micro and macro elements
• Plant length

مراجع

1- Adelusi A. A., Akamo O. A., and Makinde A. M. 2006. Nitrogen fertilizer and weed (Euphorbia heterophylla L.) effects on the growth parameters of Macrotylomageocarpa (Harms) Marechal and Beudet. International Journal of Botany, 2 (1): 74-82.

2- Arora J. S., and Sing J. R. 1970. Some effects of foliar spray of zinc sulphate on growth, yield and fruit quality of guava (Psidiumguajaua L.). Journal of the Japanese Society for Horticultural Science, 39 (3): 1-5.

3- Azarpour E., Moraditochaee M., and Bozorgi H. R. 2014. Effect of nitrogen fertilizer management on growth analysis of rice cultivars. International Journal of Biosciences, 4(5): 35-47.

4- Bacha M. A., Sabbah S. M., and Hamady M. A. 1993. Effect of foliar Applications of Iron, Zinc and Manganese on Yield, Berry Quality and Leaf Mineral Composition of Thompson Seedless and Roumy Red Grape Cultivars. Journal of King Saud University, 9(1): 127-140.

5- Bakker J.C., 1985. Physiological disorder in cucumber under high humidity condition and low ventilation rates in greenhouses. Acta Horticulturae, 156: 257-264.

6- Crosby L. 2008. Growth and consumer evaluation of Cucumissativus L. cultivated in controlled environments. Texas Tech University. 44(2): 1-70.

7- Farhadi A., Kashi A.K., Babalar M., and Mortazavibag A. 2001. The effects of polyethylenemulch and foliar nutrition on cucumber yield. Seed and Plant Production Journal, 17(4): 54-65. (in Persian with English abstract).

8- Halevy A. H. 1985. Hand book of flowering. CRC. Press, 365-381.

9- Itagi T., and Hiki M. 1956. on the occurrence of deformed fruits in cucumber. I. The influence of some cultural Practices on the occurrence deformities. Horticultural Science Abstracts, 27: 1465.

10- Jifon J. L., and Lester G. E. 2006. Foliar fertilization of muskmelon: Effects of potassium source on market quality and phytochemical content of field-grown fruit. Potash and phosphate institute-Foundation for Agronomic Research, 52: 1-8.

11- Karuppaiah P., Manivannank K., Sriramach M.V., and Kuppusamy G. 2001. Responses of cucumber to foliar application of nutrients on lignite mine spoil. Journal of the Indian Society of Soil Science, 49: 23-31.

12- Kashi A. K. 1994. Additional vegetable farming. The course of horticulture department of agriculture collage of Tehran University.

13- Kashi A. K., Hosainzadeh S., Babalar M., and Lesani H. 2003. The effect of polyethylene mulch and calcium nitrate on yield, growth, and Blossom end rot of Charleston watermelon. Journal of Sciences and Technology of Agriculture and Natural resources, 7(4):1-10.

14- Kazemi M. 2013. Response of Cucumber plants to foliar application of calcium chloride and Paclobutrazol under greenhouse conditions. Bulletin of Environment, Pharmacology and Life Sciences, 2(11): 15-18.

15- Kolota E., and Osinska M. 1999. The effect of foliar nutrition on yield of greenhouse tomatoes and quality of the crop. University of Agriculture, Wroclaw, Poland, 373-376.

16- Lanauskas J., and Kvikliene N. 2006. Effect of calcium foliar application on some fruit quality characteristics of Sinap Orlovskij apple. Agronomy Research, 4(1): 31-36.

17- Lanauskas J., Uselis N., Valiuskaite A., and Viskelis P. 2006. Effect of foliar and soil applied fertilizers on strawberry healthiness, yield and berry quality. Agronomy Research, 4 (Specialissue), 247 – 250.

18- Majeed K., and AL-Hamzawi A. 2010. Effect of Calcium nitrate, Potassium nitrate and Anfaton on growth and storability of plastic houses cucumber (Cucumissativus L. cv. AL-Hytham). American Journal of Plant Physiology, 5(5): 278-290.

19- Mohamed A. I. 1979. Effect of foliar and soil applied fertilizers on Cucumber production in the Sudan. Acta Horticulture, 176: 330-337.

20- Mustafa N. S., Laila F., Hagag M. F., Shahin M., and El-Hady E. S. 2011.Effect of spraying different N sources on growth performance of Picualolive seedlings. American-Eurasian Journal of Agriculture and Environmental Science, 11(6): 911-916.

21- Nasefnadia M. A., Badran M., and Abd El-Hamide A. F. 2006. Response of Peanut to Foliar Spray with Boron And / or Rhizobium inoculation. Journal of Applied Science Research, 2(12): 1330-1337.

22- Paivast G. A. 2005. Vegetable farming. Agriculture science press. 3Th ed. Iran, 384 p.

23- Patil B. C., Hosamani R. M., jjappalavara P. S. A., Naik B. H., Smitha R. P., and Ukkund K. C. 2008. Effect of foliar application of micronutrients on growth and yield components of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) Karnataka. Journal of Agriculture Science, 21(3): 428-430.

24- Shadmehr A., Golchin A., and Shafiee S. 2010. The effects of nitrogen and foliar application of urea and microelements on the yield and growth of cucumber (CV Royal). The journal of sustainable agriculture. 6(21): 23-33. (in Persian with English abstract).

25- Soliman E. M. 2002. Comparison of micro-nutrient application methods for cucumber production in arid land protected cultivation systems. Acta Horticulture, 434:114-119.

26- Tariqoleslami M., Zarqami R., MashhadiAkbarboujar M., and Ovaisi M. 2012. The effects of drought stress and nitrogen fertilizer on physiological properties of corn.The journal of crop and plant breeding. 8(1): 161-174. (in Persian with English abstract).

27- Warncke D. 2005. Ameliorating internal black spot in cranberry bean seed with boron application. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 36: 775-781.

28- Yildirim E., Guvenc I., Turan M., and Karatas A. 2007. Effect of foliar urea application on quality, growth, mineral uptake and yield of broccoli (Brassica oleracea L., var. italica). Plant Soil Environment, 53: 120 – 128.