Medicinal Plants
Mansoore Kermani; Shahram Amirmoradi
Abstract
IntroductionDrought stress is one of the most important and most common limiting factors for plant growth in arid and semiarid regions. Asparagus (Asparagus afficinalis) is the most important species of asparagus and the fresh stem of this plant is harvested as its edible part and used as a vegetable ...
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IntroductionDrought stress is one of the most important and most common limiting factors for plant growth in arid and semiarid regions. Asparagus (Asparagus afficinalis) is the most important species of asparagus and the fresh stem of this plant is harvested as its edible part and used as a vegetable and medicine. Asparagus is very rich in vitamins, flavonoids, saponins, and glutathione, which have anti-cancer properties, protect nerve cells, and protect the heart. Asparagus is a herbaceous, perennial plant growing to 100–150 cm tall, with two types of stems. One of the stems called spear, which is edible and has no leaves. The second, called fern which has needle leaves and is non-edible. This plant has thick and fleshy roots called rhizome (crown), which is resistant to winter cold and can remain in the ground for up to 25 years and give economic crops for up to 10-15 years. According to some studies, commercial cultivars of asparagus are sensitive to abiotic stresses such as drought stress. Drought stress during the growth of fern can reduce the production of stored carbohydrates in the crown roots and lead to a decrease in yield in the next season. Also, drought stress increases the fiber and reduces the quality of asparagus. Mulch is any material that is spread or laid over the surface of the soil and used for reasons such as saving water consumption by reducing evaporation from the soil surface, controlling soil erosion, adjusting soil temperature, controlling the growth of weeds, and improving the absorption of soil nutrients. Several researches have reported that the use of mulch is effective in increasing the resistance of plants to drought stress and also reducing the negative effects of drought stress on yield and its components.Materials and MethodsThis research was conducted as a factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design in three replications in the crop year of 2021-2022 in a two-year asparagus field near Mashhad city. The experimental factors were the types of mulch (barley straw, asparagus straw and plastic) and drought stress levels including irrigation after 50 mm (no stress), 70 mm (mild stress), 100 mm (moderate stress) and 150 mm (severe stress) evaporation from pan class A. Planting of transplants in the field was done manually on April 9 2021. Each experimental plot with dimensions of 4 x 10 meters included 4 rows with a distance of 100 cm and a distance of 50 cm between plants. Weeding was done manually. Fertilization was done according to the soil analysis and the recommendations of the soil science laboratory. The date of applying water stress was from April 4 to September 1 2022. The average of traits recorded in the first harvest (April 21) and the second harvest (September 6) were used for variance analysis. Data analysis was done using MSTAT-C software and mean comparisons were done using LSD method at 5% probability level. The graphs were drawn using Excel software.Results and DiscussionThe results showed that fresh stem yield, number of harvestable stems, stem length, stem diameter, stem fresh and dry weight, and total leaf chlorophyll content decreased and leaf proline content increased significantly at different levels of water stress. The content of leaf carotenoids also decreased significantly compared to the control only in severe water stress. The use of mulch in non-stressed conditions caused a significant increase in all studied traits except proline, so that asparagus straw with a 76% increase in stem yield was in the first place, and barley straw and plastic mulch were in the second and third places. Also, mulching reduced the negative effects of water stress on all traits, so that the non-use of mulch in mild, moderate and severe stress caused a 21%, 36% and 46% reduction in shoot yield, respectively, and the use of asparagus straw caused 10 %, 13% and 16% decrease in the yield of stems.ConclusionWater stress, as the most important factor of physiological limitation in plants, negatively affects growth, development and yield of plants. The use of plant residue mulches, especially asparagus straw, between the rows of asparagus cultivation can increase the yield in conditions without drought stress, and in drought stress conditions. the yield can be protected from the negative effects of stress to a large extent.
Hassan Feizi; Parviz Rezvani Moghaddam; Hossein Sahabi; Shahram Amirmoradi
Abstract
Study of magnetic field and seed hydropriming effects on tomato seed germination was done in laboratory of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran. The experiment was as factorial experiment based on randomized completely design, which was including two level of hydropriming (use of dry seed and soaked ...
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Study of magnetic field and seed hydropriming effects on tomato seed germination was done in laboratory of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran. The experiment was as factorial experiment based on randomized completely design, which was including two level of hydropriming (use of dry seed and soaked seed in distilled water for five hours) and eight level of magnetic field (pretreatment of seeds in 15 and 25 mili Tesla magnetic field for 5, 15 and 25 minutes, permanent magnetic field with intensity 3 mT and control). Seed hydropriming significantly reduced mean germination time (MGT). Also it increased radicle length from 6.68 to 7.59 cm (14 percent) in comparison to dry seed. Seed hydropriming led to increasing shoot length, seedling length and vigour index by 7, 12 and 13 percentages in comparison to dry seed, respectively. Exposure of seeds in 3 mT permanent magnetic field and 25 mT for 5 minutes increased root length by 29 and 25 percentages in comparison to control. These treatments indicated the highest shoot length, seedling length and vigour index.
Shahram Amirmoradi; Parviz Rezvani Moghaddam
Abstract
Abstract
In order to study the effect of density and time of nitrogen application on morphological, phenological characteristics, yield and yield components of black cumin (Nigella sativa L) a field experiment was conducted at Chenaran in Khorasan Razavi Province in 2005 growing season. Three nitrogen ...
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Abstract
In order to study the effect of density and time of nitrogen application on morphological, phenological characteristics, yield and yield components of black cumin (Nigella sativa L) a field experiment was conducted at Chenaran in Khorasan Razavi Province in 2005 growing season. Three nitrogen fertilizer (Urea) application times (1- control 2- at 4-6 leaves stage 3-preblooming 4-complete flowering) and three plant densities (150, 250, 350 plant m-²) were compared in a split plot based on complete randomized block design with three replications. Studied components were stem branch, capsule weight, seed weight/capsule weight, ratio number of capsules per plant, number of seeds in each part of capsule and phenological characteristics. Results showed that nitrogen fertilizer application times had significant effects on number of capsules per plant, capsule weight, stem branch, number of seeds in each part of capsule. Densities had significant effects on capsule weight, seed yield and distance of the first branch from soil surface. Results showed that 250 plant m-² and nitrogen application at 4-6 leaves stage had the highest seed yield (588 kg/ha) in this region.
Keywords: Black cumin, Density, Nitrogen application, Morphological characteristics, Phenological growth stage
