Mehdi Zarei; Majid Azizi
Abstract
Abstract
Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is an important Iranian-native fruit, and many of its varieties are cultivated. This research was conducted to evaluate some of the major physical and chemical properties of six pomegranate cultivars at ripening stage in a Completely Randomized Design with 4 ...
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Abstract
Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is an important Iranian-native fruit, and many of its varieties are cultivated. This research was conducted to evaluate some of the major physical and chemical properties of six pomegranate cultivars at ripening stage in a Completely Randomized Design with 4 replications. The investigated traits were fruit fresh weight, fruit volume, peel thickness, peel percentage, aril percentage, fruit juice percentage, seed percentage, peel moisture, juice moisture and seed moisture as physical features and vitamin C, reducing sugar, anthocyanin, pH, titrable acidity, total soluble solids and flavor index as the chemical characteristics. The results indicated that Shahvar and Faroogh had the highest (346.6 g) and lowest (220.8 g) fruit weight, respectively. The highest (42.1%) and the lowest (24.5%) peel percentage were observed in Rabbab and Faroogh, respectively. The highest and the lowest aril percentage were recorded in cultivars Faroogh and Rabbab (75.5% and 57.9%), respectively. The results also showed that the highest content of reducing sugar was obtained in Faroogh (27.8 g.100 ml-1 juice) and the lowest one (17.9 g.100 ml-1 juice) in Rabbab. The highest (27.7 mg.100 ml-1 juice) and the lowest (7.9 mg.100 ml-1 juice) amount of anthocyanin were detected in Aghaie and Shahvar, respectively. The Shirinbihaste had the highest (15.1 mg.100 ml-1 juice) and Aghaie had the lowest (8.7 mg.100 ml-1 juice) vitamin C content. According to the results, Faroogh cultivar has more considerable advantages than the other evaluated cultivars. This cultivar is therefore recommend to be used as either for export and internal consumption or as processed forms in fruit juice factories.
Keywords: Pomegranate, Physical and chemical characteristics, Anthocyanin
Mitra Rahmati; Majid Azizi; Mohammadtaghi Ebadi; Mohammad Hasanzadeh Khayat
Abstract
چکیده
به منظور بررسی تأثیر روش های مختلف خشک کردن بر مدت زمان لازم برای خشک کردن و سرعت کاهش وزن، میزان اسانس و درصد کامازولن گل های بابونه ( Matricaria recutita (L.) Rauschert) اصلاح ...
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چکیده
به منظور بررسی تأثیر روش های مختلف خشک کردن بر مدت زمان لازم برای خشک کردن و سرعت کاهش وزن، میزان اسانس و درصد کامازولن گل های بابونه ( Matricaria recutita (L.) Rauschert) اصلاح شده رقم دیپلوئید جرمانیا، آزمایشی در سال زراعی 87-1386 در مزرعه و آزمایشگاه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد به صورت طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار اجرا شد. شش توان مختلف میکروویو شامل 100، 180، 300، 450، 600 و 900 وات، سه دمای مختلف آون شامل 50، 60 و 70 درجه سانتیگراد و روش طبیعی (سایه و آفتاب) در این آزمایش مورد مطالعه و مقایسه قرار گرفتند. در روش های مختلف، خشک کردن نمونه ها تا زمانی که وزن آنها به محتوای رطوبتی 10/0 بر پایه وزن خشک (یا 10 درصد بر پایه وزن تر) رسید، ادامه داشت. نتایج حاصل نشان داد که بین روش های مختلف خشک کردن و مدت زمان لازم برای خشک کردن، میزان اسانس و درصد کامازولن گیاه بابونه رابطه معنی داری وجود دارد. کمترین زمان خشک کردن (7 تا 104 دقیقه با توجه به توان مورد نظر) در روش میکروویو و بیشترین آن (120 ساعت) در روش سایه حاصل شد. بالاترین درصد اسانس (72/0 درصد وزنی) در روش سایه به دست آمد و کمترین آن مربوط به خشک کردن در میکروویو و دمای بالای آون بود. بالاترین درصد کامازولن در روش طبیعی و میکروویو و کمترین درصد آن به وسیله خشک کردن در آون به دست آمد.
واژههای کلیدی: آفتاب، آون، بابونه، خشک کردن، سایه، کامازولن، میکروویو
Gholamhossein Davarynejad; Majid Azizi; Maryam Akheratee
Abstract
Abstract
Pistachio ( Pistacia vera L.) is an important crop in our country and has a unique position in export goods. In respect to better nut quality this research was conducted during 2005-2006. Macro and micronutrients were used as foliar application to surmount soil limitations in nutrient uptake ...
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Abstract
Pistachio ( Pistacia vera L.) is an important crop in our country and has a unique position in export goods. In respect to better nut quality this research was conducted during 2005-2006. Macro and micronutrients were used as foliar application to surmount soil limitations in nutrient uptake and alternate bearing control with “Owhadi” cultivar in RCBD with 3 replications. The treatments were control( water), NPK, Fe, Ca, Mg, Mn, Zn, Cu and mixture of all mention nutrients in three stage(15 day AFB, kernel filling and one month before harvest). Factors such as: dehisced nuts(%), blankness(%), number of fruit/stem cross section area, vegetative growth, leaf chlorophyll and nutrient content were determined. Treatments affected dehisced nuts properties at significant level as the highest level of dehisced nuts was detected in Ca treatment and the lowest one in control. There is not significant differences between treatments as blankness and chlorophyll content as concerned. Fruit yield / stem cross section area in two successive year had significant diffrerences. In two years the highest yield was produced in NPK and Cu treatment respectively but the lowest yield produced in mixture nutrients. All treatment affected vegetative growth significantly as the highest growth take placed in Cu treatment and the lowest growth was detected in mixture nutrients. Leaf nutrients analysis showed significant difference as Nitrogen, Phosphorus and K content between control, NPK and mixture nutrients treatment. All the nutrient were higher in NPK and mixture treatment as compared to control. Manganese content of the leaf was higher in Mn and mixture treatments than control. In conclusion , foliar nutrition can affect growth, fruit quality and alternate bearing of the trees.
Keywords: Pistacia, Alternate bearing, Blankness, Dehisced nuts, Nutrient, Foliar application
Askar Ghani; Majid Azizi; Ali Tehranifar
Abstract
Abstract
The purpose of this study is acclimization evaluate of five wild Achillea in cultivation condition and ornamental potential. The seeds of wild species (From Khorasan Razavi, Shiraz and Karaj area, Iran) were sownt in pots in September 2006. After initial growth, the seedlings were transplanted ...
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Abstract
The purpose of this study is acclimization evaluate of five wild Achillea in cultivation condition and ornamental potential. The seeds of wild species (From Khorasan Razavi, Shiraz and Karaj area, Iran) were sownt in pots in September 2006. After initial growth, the seedlings were transplanted in main plots (30×40 cm interval) in November 2006. Phonological and morphological characteristic at different growth stage were recorded. An experiment conducted in factorial randomized based on complete block design (RCBD) with 5 treatments and 3 replications that Achillea species were treatments. The results showed that different species have special traits that could be used depend on our goal. A. millefolium has the highest flowering period (100 day) and plant height (nearly 1 meter). A. biebersteinii was better than other species in respect of inflorescence number, flower diameter and flower height. A .wilhelmsii and A. eriophora had the highest lateral inflorescence number and early flowering. This species because of good acclimization, tolerant to unfavorable conditions, long flowering period, perennial habit and bearing beautiful and big flowers, seems to be suitable plants for use in green space.
Key words: Achillea, Domestication, Morphological characteristic, Native plants, Ornamental plants
Leila Razeghi; Majid Azizi; Mohammad Farsi; Shadi Shahtahmasbi
Abstract
Abstract
Shiitake mushroom [Lentinulus edodes(Berk) Singer/Pegler] has the third production class among the most important edible mushrooms. For a long time this mushroom has draw attention due to its unique flavor and taste and also therapeutic properties. The research conducted to optimizing the environmental ...
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Abstract
Shiitake mushroom [Lentinulus edodes(Berk) Singer/Pegler] has the third production class among the most important edible mushrooms. For a long time this mushroom has draw attention due to its unique flavor and taste and also therapeutic properties. The research conducted to optimizing the environmental conditions for shiitake production. In the first experiment the effect of four medium types in solid form, three medium pH (4.5, 5.5 and 6.5) and two temperatures regimes (25 and 27 oC) were evaluated on mycelium radial growth of the mushroom. In second experiment the effect of medium types and pH was evaluated on mycelium yield in liquid form at 25 oC. The experimental design in both media was factorial on the basis of completely randomized design with 4 replications.The obtained results of the first experiment showed that medium type, pH and temperature significantly affect mycelium growth rate at p≤0.01. Interaction between medium×pH, temperature×medium and pH×temperature also was significant at p≤0.01. The highest growth rate (8.548mm/day) was detected on 1 and 2 “hand making” media and the lowest one (6.201mm/day) was observed on 3 hand making media. The higher temperature (27 0C) cause the lower the mycelium growth rate. Increasing the medium pH from 4.5 to 6.5 also decreased mycelium growth rate and the highest growth rate was observed at pH=4.5. In second experiment (liquid medium), medium type and pH also affect mycelium yield significantly (p≤0.05). The highest mycelium yield was belong to hand making media and on the contrary with first experiment, the best mycelium yield was obtained on pH=5.5.
Key words: Shiitake, Mycelium growth rate, Mycelium filamentous growth, Mycelium yield
Mitra Rahmati; Majid Azizi; Mohammad Hasanzadeh Khayat; Seyyed Hossein Nemati
Abstract
Abstract
Field experiment was carried out at the Ferdowsi University research field, Mashhad, Iran during 2006-2007, to determine how much effective the N-fertilization is, to find out the most suitable plant density which could be used in chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L. Asteraceae) to increase ...
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Abstract
Field experiment was carried out at the Ferdowsi University research field, Mashhad, Iran during 2006-2007, to determine how much effective the N-fertilization is, to find out the most suitable plant density which could be used in chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L. Asteraceae) to increase the yield of anthodium flowers and content of essential oil. The experimental design was as two factor factorial completely randomized block design having four plant densities (D1=20pl/m2, D2=25pl/m2, D3=40pl/m2 and D4=50pl/m2) as first factor and three levels of Urea™ fertilizer (%46) (N0=0g/m2, N1=10g/m2 and N2=20g/m2) as second factor, replicated thrice. During the flowering period, growth indexes such as plant height, anthodia diameter, dry flower yield, essential oil content and chamazolene were measured. The results indicate that plant density and urea do not have a significant effect on morphological characters. Plant density had significant effect on dry flower yield and essential oil yield. So, maximum yield of dry flower and oil were obtained at 50 pl/m2. In the other hand, the increasing of Urea up to 20g/m2 caused dry flower yield, essential oil content and yield and chamazolene content to be increased significantly. The significant interaction between plant density and Urea levels had been recorded in the case of yield of dry flower and essential oil of Bodegold.
Key words: Essential oil, Chamomile, Plant density, Chamazolene, Urea
Mohammad Ahmadi; Gholamhossein Davarynejad; Majid Azizi; Naser Sedaghat; Ali Tehranifar
Abstract
Abstract
Sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L.) is an important Iranian-native fruit, considered highly perishable commodity which cannot be stored for any length of time. On this study, effect of three gas compositions (ambient, 5% O2+5% CO2+90% N2 and 10% O2+15% CO2+75% N2) and two storage temperatures (0 ...
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Abstract
Sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L.) is an important Iranian-native fruit, considered highly perishable commodity which cannot be stored for any length of time. On this study, effect of three gas compositions (ambient, 5% O2+5% CO2+90% N2 and 10% O2+15% CO2+75% N2) and two storage temperatures (0 and 5 °C) on two sour cherry cultivars namely Erdy jubileum and Erdy Botermo was studied in a CRD (completely randomized design) based on factorial design with three replications. Fruits were examined, 42 days after packaging, in case of such different qualitative factors as weight loss, tissue firmness, total soluble solids (TSS), titrable acidity (TA), pH, and colour. The results indicate a better preservation of qualitative properties such as weight loss, tissue firmness and colour in the modified atmosphere; in 5% O2+5% CO2+90% N2 the lowest weight loss and the highest firmness was defected. In Erdy jubileum at 5°C titrable acidity was the lowest and the favourable impact of the 5 °C temperature treatment on qualitative properties, compared to that of 0 °C.
Keywords: Sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L.), Packaging, MAP, Quality, shelf-life
