R. Khatibzadeh; Majid azizi; H. Arouiee; Mohammad farsi
Abstract
To protect and multiply important and rare plant resources, in vitro culture serves as a more efficient alternative to traditional propagation approaches. Levisticum officinale Koch. a member of Apiaceae is an important, endangered and neglected species in Iran, which has been shown to have diuretic, ...
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To protect and multiply important and rare plant resources, in vitro culture serves as a more efficient alternative to traditional propagation approaches. Levisticum officinale Koch. a member of Apiaceae is an important, endangered and neglected species in Iran, which has been shown to have diuretic, spasmolytic and carminative effects. In order to supply enough plant materials for micro-propagation of this herb and study effects of different methods of disinfection and stratification on in vitro seed germination, a factorial experiment laid out in a completely randomized design was set out to establish sterile plants out of seed culture. It was concluded that a pre-chilling treatment for 3 months resulted in maximum percent of germination (92%) and the largest germination rate. The best superficial sterilization protocol was proofed to be soaking in 70% (v:v) ethanol for 30 s and then, using of 2% (v:v) dilution of NaOCl for 15 min, followed by 3 rinses in sterile distilled water.
E. Ardakani; Gholam Hossein Davarynejad; Majid azizi
Abstract
The limited postharvest storage life of apricot causes the goal of presenting a solution in this manuscript to improve the postharvest storage of studied apricot cultivars. Studying the effect of different concentration of pre-harvest salicylic acid on quality attributes and antioxidant activity of apricot ...
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The limited postharvest storage life of apricot causes the goal of presenting a solution in this manuscript to improve the postharvest storage of studied apricot cultivars. Studying the effect of different concentration of pre-harvest salicylic acid on quality attributes and antioxidant activity of apricot during storage is the approach in used. The apricot cultivar(Nori) were sprayed at the 3 weeks before commercial ripening stage, with 1, 2, 3 and 4 mM salicylic acid as well as distilled water (control). At commercial ripening stage, apricot fruit were harvested and immediately transported to the laboratory, and then fruits were packed in boxes with polyethylene cover and stored at 4°C and 95% relative humidity for 20 days. The changes in weight loss, fruit firmness, total soluble solids, titratable acidity, pH, ascorbic acid, total phenolics and antioxidant activity were estimated after 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 days during storage. The results showed that the weight loss, total soluble solids, pH increased significantly while the fruit firmness, titratable acidity, ascorbic acid, total phenolics and antioxidant activity decreased significantly during storage for both cultivars. During this stage, a significant difference between control and salicylic acid treatments in all measured parameters is observed. The salicylic acid treatments reduced significantly the weight loss and maintained their firmness. In this condition, the highest and lowest of titratable acidity, ascorbic acid, total phenolics and antioxidant activity were observed in treatments of 4 mM salicylic acid and control, respectively. The data revealed that the quality of apricot fruits was improved by the use of salicylic acid treatment due to its effect on delaying the ripening processes.
M. Azizi; F. Oroojalian; H. Orafayi; F. Yazdian; M. Rahmati; F. Haghiroalsadat
Abstract
Plants gums, hydrophilic colloids, hydrocolloids, mucilages and hydrophilic polymers are compounds that can produce gel. Coating materials which applied on food products increased shelf life of food by affecting water loss, gas exchange, oxidation process and decreasing the food spoilage and affect shelf ...
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Plants gums, hydrophilic colloids, hydrocolloids, mucilages and hydrophilic polymers are compounds that can produce gel. Coating materials which applied on food products increased shelf life of food by affecting water loss, gas exchange, oxidation process and decreasing the food spoilage and affect shelf life of food products. Coating material could carry antioxidant, antibacterial and/or other compounds responsible of food color and flavors. Some advantages of edible coating are antibacterial activity, improvement of nutritional values, flavors and also decreasing the environment pollutions. In order to develop biodegradable nanoparticles from plant polymers and study of the effect of nanoparticle application as edible coating on shelf life of cucumber fruits, the experiment was conducted at the research laboratories of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad (FUM) and industrial laboratory of School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Science. At the first, some plant mucilage including tragacanth (Astragalus gummifera), marshmallow flower (Malva silvestris) and seeds of plantain (Plantago lanceolata), basil (Ocimum basilicum), psylium (Plantago psylium) and lallemantia (Lallemantia royleana) were extracted by water as natural polymers at room temperature. Ethyl-cellulose™ also used as semi-artificial polymer. Then acetone fraction of the extracts prepared and dispersed in water solution which had different Hydrophile–Lipophile Balance (HLB) values (5-15) during different stirring level (500, 750 and 1000 rpm) by phase dispersion method for production of nanoparticles. Nanoparticle properties and morphological characteristic determined by Particle Size Analyzer and electronic scanning microscopy (SEM) respectively. The solution contained nanoparticles sprayed on fresh cucumber fruits (as a model) as edible coating and the shelf life evaluated. Results showed that mucilage of tragacanth (Astragalus gummifera), marshmallow flower (Malva silvestris), Lallemantia (Lallemantia royleana) and ethyl-cellulose™( as a control) produced particles at nanometer scale (100-200 nm) but plantain (Plantago lanceolata), basil (Ocimum basilicum) and psylium (Plantago psyllium) had no significant acetone fraction. The best solution’s HLB for production of suitable nanoparticles (app. 100 nm in size) in the mentioned natural polymers were 7 at 1000 rpm. The results of the second set of experiment showed that application of the solutions containing nanoparticle as edible coating decreased cucumber spoilage caused by mold and improved shelf life of the commodity in the package. The results of the present study showed that medicinal plants mucilage are valuable source of natural polymeric compounds and could be used as edible coating using nanotechnology.
Hassan Bayat; Majid azizi; Mahmoud Shour; Navid Vahdati Mashhadian
Abstract
Abstract
The main goals of this study was to evaluate the effects of ethanol and essential oils of three medicinal plants namely Thymus vulgaris, Satureja hortensis and Carum copticum on extending Dianthus caryophyllus cut flower vase life. For this purpose three individual trials were conducted using ...
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Abstract
The main goals of this study was to evaluate the effects of ethanol and essential oils of three medicinal plants namely Thymus vulgaris, Satureja hortensis and Carum copticum on extending Dianthus caryophyllus cut flower vase life. For this purpose three individual trials were conducted using a completely randomized design with three replications. In the first trial, effects of ethanol 4% (v/v) applied continuous and pulse was determined and results are showed both applying methods increased postharvest life and consumer acceptance of cut flowers. In the second trial, effects of essential oils of Thymus vulgaris, Satureja hortensis and Carum copticum with concentrations of 50, 100 and 150 ppm were investigated. All essential oil treatments prolonged cut flowers vase life. The line graph illustrates the amount of vase life which is showing a dramatic increase by S. hortensis EO (100 ppm) over control. The third trial studied the interactions between ethanol and the essential oil treatments. Results showed no significant difference in vase life and consumer acceptance between essential oil treatments and co-treatment of essential oil with ethanol. The highest relative fresh weight in sixth day from the start of the experiment was observed in Satureja hortensis EO treatment with concentration of 100 ppm which was nearly two times more than control. According to our results of this experiment we can generally say essential oils as natural, safe and biodegradable compounds can be suitable novel alternative methods for chemical treatment in order to prolong vase life of Dianthus caryophyllus cut flowers. Commercialization of these compounds for optimum formulations needs further experiments.
Keywords: Essential oils, Vascular blockage, Carnation cut flower, Vase life
Hossein Mardani; Hassan Bayat; Majid azizi
Abstract
Abstract
Application of Salicylic acid (SA) as a phytohormone has been increased due to its role in plant tolerance to environmental stresses such as drought. The main goal of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of SA on morphological and physiological characteristics of cucumber seedlings under ...
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Abstract
Application of Salicylic acid (SA) as a phytohormone has been increased due to its role in plant tolerance to environmental stresses such as drought. The main goal of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of SA on morphological and physiological characteristics of cucumber seedlings under drought stress. A factorial experiment based on completely randomized block design was conducted with 5 levels of SA (0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1mM) and 3 levels of drought stress, daily irrigation (control) and irrigation period of 3 and 6 days with 3 replications. SA was sprayed on shoots of the seedlings at 3-4 leaf stage under drought stress. The results showed that SA increased leaf area and chlorophyll content by 60 and 15 percent, respectively. In contrast, application of (1mM) SA, decreased stomatal conductance by 96%. Stem diameter, plantlet height, leaf number, shoot and root dry weight, increased by applying SA compared to control. Seedling height, shoot dry weight and leaf area, decreased with increasing drought stress, whereas increased due SA application. Interaction between SA application and drought stress showed no significant effects on stomatal conductance, stem diameter, root dry weight. As conclusion salicylic acid treatment increased mentioned physiological and growth parameters in cucumber seedlings.
Keywords: Biomass, Leaf area, Drought stress, Hormone, Stomatal Conductance, SA
F. Nematollahi; A. Tehranifar; Majid azizi; Gholam Hossein Davarynejad
Abstract
Abstract
Reduction of post harvest losses in cut flowers and increasing their vase life, with consideration to high expenses of production is very necessary. One of the effective factors is presence of flowers near each other. This study was performed to investigate the interaction of some important ...
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Abstract
Reduction of post harvest losses in cut flowers and increasing their vase life, with consideration to high expenses of production is very necessary. One of the effective factors is presence of flowers near each other. This study was performed to investigate the interaction of some important cut flowers on their post harvest characteristics in vase solution (in combination or alone) in 2007- 2008 at post harvest physiology lab of horticulture department of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. In the first experiment the effects of gerbera and tuberose and in the second one the effects of daffodil, carnation and gillyflower on their post-harvest characteristics were investigated. Results of the first experiment showed that the presence of tuberose and gerbera in a vase solution caused significant reduction of gerbera vase life, but the effect of this factor is not significant on other gerbera characteristics. In addition the effect of gerbera on tuberose was caused significant reduction on tuberose fresh weight. Results of the second experiment showed that presence of gillyflowers near daffodils was caused significant reduction of daffodils vase life but the other flowers have not any effect on their vase lives. In the first day, the diameter of carnations flower was also reduced significantly when they were near daffodils in one vase solution. Treatments had not significant effects on fresh weight train. Vase solution turbidity was higher for those vases for two flowers than one flower. But this difference was significant only about the vase solution of daffodil + carnation. The highest solution pH was observed in the solution of daffodil and carnation alone and they had significant difference with the others.
Keywords: Post-harvest, Cut flower, Gerbera, Tuberose, Daffodil, Carnation, Gillyflower, Vase solution
M.T. Ebadi; Majid azizi; R. Omidbaigi; Mohammad Hasanzadeh khayat
Abstract
Abstract
In order to study the effect of sowing date and seeding rate on essential oil content and composition of chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.) CV. Presov, prepared from Slovakia, an experiment was conducted. The experimental design was split-plot in the basic of randomized complete blocked design ...
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Abstract
In order to study the effect of sowing date and seeding rate on essential oil content and composition of chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.) CV. Presov, prepared from Slovakia, an experiment was conducted. The experimental design was split-plot in the basic of randomized complete blocked design (RCBD) with three replications. Main plots consisted of three sowing dates (6 Nov, 5 Mar, and 4 Apr) and sub-plots included three seeding levels (0.2, 0.4 and 0.8 g/m2). Evaluated traits were essential oil content and percent of -farnesene, -bisabolol oxide B, -bisabolol, chamazulene, -bisabolol oxide A. The results showed that spring sowing (Mar and Apr) produced chamomile with high level of essential oil content. On the basis of the results, the highest essential oil content (0.63 w/w percent) was obtained from the plots were sown on 5 of Mar with 0.4 g/m2 but the highest -bisabolol and chamazulene content (75.99 and 17.31 percent respectively) were obtained from the plots were sown on 4 of Apr with 0.2 and 0.4 g/m2. According to the results, because of high percent of essential oil and desirable content of -bisabolol and chamazulene, the most suitable sowing date and seeding level in Mashhad condition is 5 of Mar with 0.4 g/m2 seeds respectively.
Keywords: German chamomile, Sowing date, Seeding rate, Essential oil content and composition
mehdi zarei; Majid azizi
Abstract
Abstract
Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is an important Iranian-native fruit, and many of its varieties are cultivated. This research was conducted to evaluate some of the major physical and chemical properties of six pomegranate cultivars at ripening stage in a Completely Randomized Design with 4 ...
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Abstract
Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is an important Iranian-native fruit, and many of its varieties are cultivated. This research was conducted to evaluate some of the major physical and chemical properties of six pomegranate cultivars at ripening stage in a Completely Randomized Design with 4 replications. The investigated traits were fruit fresh weight, fruit volume, peel thickness, peel percentage, aril percentage, fruit juice percentage, seed percentage, peel moisture, juice moisture and seed moisture as physical features and vitamin C, reducing sugar, anthocyanin, pH, titrable acidity, total soluble solids and flavor index as the chemical characteristics. The results indicated that Shahvar and Faroogh had the highest (346.6 g) and lowest (220.8 g) fruit weight, respectively. The highest (42.1%) and the lowest (24.5%) peel percentage were observed in Rabbab and Faroogh, respectively. The highest and the lowest aril percentage were recorded in cultivars Faroogh and Rabbab (75.5% and 57.9%), respectively. The results also showed that the highest content of reducing sugar was obtained in Faroogh (27.8 g.100 ml-1 juice) and the lowest one (17.9 g.100 ml-1 juice) in Rabbab. The highest (27.7 mg.100 ml-1 juice) and the lowest (7.9 mg.100 ml-1 juice) amount of anthocyanin were detected in Aghaie and Shahvar, respectively. The Shirinbihaste had the highest (15.1 mg.100 ml-1 juice) and Aghaie had the lowest (8.7 mg.100 ml-1 juice) vitamin C content. According to the results, Faroogh cultivar has more considerable advantages than the other evaluated cultivars. This cultivar is therefore recommend to be used as either for export and internal consumption or as processed forms in fruit juice factories.
Keywords: Pomegranate, Physical and chemical characteristics, Anthocyanin
m Rahmati; Majid azizi; M. T. Ebadi; Mohammad Hasanzadeh khayat
Abstract
چکیده
به منظور بررسی تأثیر روش های مختلف خشک کردن بر مدت زمان لازم برای خشک کردن و سرعت کاهش وزن، میزان اسانس و درصد کامازولن گل های بابونه ( Matricaria recutita (L.) Rauschert) اصلاح ...
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چکیده
به منظور بررسی تأثیر روش های مختلف خشک کردن بر مدت زمان لازم برای خشک کردن و سرعت کاهش وزن، میزان اسانس و درصد کامازولن گل های بابونه ( Matricaria recutita (L.) Rauschert) اصلاح شده رقم دیپلوئید جرمانیا، آزمایشی در سال زراعی 87-1386 در مزرعه و آزمایشگاه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد به صورت طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار اجرا شد. شش توان مختلف میکروویو شامل 100، 180، 300، 450، 600 و 900 وات، سه دمای مختلف آون شامل 50، 60 و 70 درجه سانتیگراد و روش طبیعی (سایه و آفتاب) در این آزمایش مورد مطالعه و مقایسه قرار گرفتند. در روش های مختلف، خشک کردن نمونه ها تا زمانی که وزن آنها به محتوای رطوبتی 10/0 بر پایه وزن خشک (یا 10 درصد بر پایه وزن تر) رسید، ادامه داشت. نتایج حاصل نشان داد که بین روش های مختلف خشک کردن و مدت زمان لازم برای خشک کردن، میزان اسانس و درصد کامازولن گیاه بابونه رابطه معنی داری وجود دارد. کمترین زمان خشک کردن (7 تا 104 دقیقه با توجه به توان مورد نظر) در روش میکروویو و بیشترین آن (120 ساعت) در روش سایه حاصل شد. بالاترین درصد اسانس (72/0 درصد وزنی) در روش سایه به دست آمد و کمترین آن مربوط به خشک کردن در میکروویو و دمای بالای آون بود. بالاترین درصد کامازولن در روش طبیعی و میکروویو و کمترین درصد آن به وسیله خشک کردن در آون به دست آمد.
واژههای کلیدی: آفتاب، آون، بابونه، خشک کردن، سایه، کامازولن، میکروویو
Gholam Hossein Davarynejad; Majid azizi; M. Akheratee
Abstract
Abstract
Pistachio ( Pistacia vera L.) is an important crop in our country and has a unique position in export goods. In respect to better nut quality this research was conducted during 2005-2006. Macro and micronutrients were used as foliar application to surmount soil limitations in nutrient uptake ...
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Abstract
Pistachio ( Pistacia vera L.) is an important crop in our country and has a unique position in export goods. In respect to better nut quality this research was conducted during 2005-2006. Macro and micronutrients were used as foliar application to surmount soil limitations in nutrient uptake and alternate bearing control with “Owhadi” cultivar in RCBD with 3 replications. The treatments were control( water), NPK, Fe, Ca, Mg, Mn, Zn, Cu and mixture of all mention nutrients in three stage(15 day AFB, kernel filling and one month before harvest). Factors such as: dehisced nuts(%), blankness(%), number of fruit/stem cross section area, vegetative growth, leaf chlorophyll and nutrient content were determined. Treatments affected dehisced nuts properties at significant level as the highest level of dehisced nuts was detected in Ca treatment and the lowest one in control. There is not significant differences between treatments as blankness and chlorophyll content as concerned. Fruit yield / stem cross section area in two successive year had significant diffrerences. In two years the highest yield was produced in NPK and Cu treatment respectively but the lowest yield produced in mixture nutrients. All treatment affected vegetative growth significantly as the highest growth take placed in Cu treatment and the lowest growth was detected in mixture nutrients. Leaf nutrients analysis showed significant difference as Nitrogen, Phosphorus and K content between control, NPK and mixture nutrients treatment. All the nutrient were higher in NPK and mixture treatment as compared to control. Manganese content of the leaf was higher in Mn and mixture treatments than control. In conclusion , foliar nutrition can affect growth, fruit quality and alternate bearing of the trees.
Keywords: Pistacia, Alternate bearing, Blankness, Dehisced nuts, Nutrient, Foliar application
A. Ghani; Majid azizi; A. Tehrani-far
Abstract
Abstract
The purpose of this study is acclimization evaluate of five wild Achillea in cultivation condition and ornamental potential. The seeds of wild species (From Khorasan Razavi, Shiraz and Karaj area, Iran) were sownt in pots in September 2006. After initial growth, the seedlings were transplanted ...
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Abstract
The purpose of this study is acclimization evaluate of five wild Achillea in cultivation condition and ornamental potential. The seeds of wild species (From Khorasan Razavi, Shiraz and Karaj area, Iran) were sownt in pots in September 2006. After initial growth, the seedlings were transplanted in main plots (30×40 cm interval) in November 2006. Phonological and morphological characteristic at different growth stage were recorded. An experiment conducted in factorial randomized based on complete block design (RCBD) with 5 treatments and 3 replications that Achillea species were treatments. The results showed that different species have special traits that could be used depend on our goal. A. millefolium has the highest flowering period (100 day) and plant height (nearly 1 meter). A. biebersteinii was better than other species in respect of inflorescence number, flower diameter and flower height. A .wilhelmsii and A. eriophora had the highest lateral inflorescence number and early flowering. This species because of good acclimization, tolerant to unfavorable conditions, long flowering period, perennial habit and bearing beautiful and big flowers, seems to be suitable plants for use in green space.
Key words: Achillea, Domestication, Morphological characteristic, Native plants, Ornamental plants
Leila Razeghi; Majid azizi; Mohammad Farsi; Shadi Shahtahmasbi
Abstract
Abstract
Shiitake mushroom [Lentinulus edodes(Berk) Singer/Pegler] has the third production class among the most important edible mushrooms. For a long time this mushroom has draw attention due to its unique flavor and taste and also therapeutic properties. The research conducted to optimizing the environmental ...
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Abstract
Shiitake mushroom [Lentinulus edodes(Berk) Singer/Pegler] has the third production class among the most important edible mushrooms. For a long time this mushroom has draw attention due to its unique flavor and taste and also therapeutic properties. The research conducted to optimizing the environmental conditions for shiitake production. In the first experiment the effect of four medium types in solid form, three medium pH (4.5, 5.5 and 6.5) and two temperatures regimes (25 and 27 oC) were evaluated on mycelium radial growth of the mushroom. In second experiment the effect of medium types and pH was evaluated on mycelium yield in liquid form at 25 oC. The experimental design in both media was factorial on the basis of completely randomized design with 4 replications.The obtained results of the first experiment showed that medium type, pH and temperature significantly affect mycelium growth rate at p≤0.01. Interaction between medium×pH, temperature×medium and pH×temperature also was significant at p≤0.01. The highest growth rate (8.548mm/day) was detected on 1 and 2 “hand making” media and the lowest one (6.201mm/day) was observed on 3 hand making media. The higher temperature (27 0C) cause the lower the mycelium growth rate. Increasing the medium pH from 4.5 to 6.5 also decreased mycelium growth rate and the highest growth rate was observed at pH=4.5. In second experiment (liquid medium), medium type and pH also affect mycelium yield significantly (p≤0.05). The highest mycelium yield was belong to hand making media and on the contrary with first experiment, the best mycelium yield was obtained on pH=5.5.
Key words: Shiitake, Mycelium growth rate, Mycelium filamentous growth, Mycelium yield
m Rahmati; Majid azizi; Mohammad Hasanzadeh khayat; Seyyed Hosein Nemati
Abstract
Abstract
Field experiment was carried out at the Ferdowsi University research field, Mashhad, Iran during 2006-2007, to determine how much effective the N-fertilization is, to find out the most suitable plant density which could be used in chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L. Asteraceae) to increase ...
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Abstract
Field experiment was carried out at the Ferdowsi University research field, Mashhad, Iran during 2006-2007, to determine how much effective the N-fertilization is, to find out the most suitable plant density which could be used in chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L. Asteraceae) to increase the yield of anthodium flowers and content of essential oil. The experimental design was as two factor factorial completely randomized block design having four plant densities (D1=20pl/m2, D2=25pl/m2, D3=40pl/m2 and D4=50pl/m2) as first factor and three levels of Urea™ fertilizer (%46) (N0=0g/m2, N1=10g/m2 and N2=20g/m2) as second factor, replicated thrice. During the flowering period, growth indexes such as plant height, anthodia diameter, dry flower yield, essential oil content and chamazolene were measured. The results indicate that plant density and urea do not have a significant effect on morphological characters. Plant density had significant effect on dry flower yield and essential oil yield. So, maximum yield of dry flower and oil were obtained at 50 pl/m2. In the other hand, the increasing of Urea up to 20g/m2 caused dry flower yield, essential oil content and yield and chamazolene content to be increased significantly. The significant interaction between plant density and Urea levels had been recorded in the case of yield of dry flower and essential oil of Bodegold.
Key words: Essential oil, Chamomile, Plant density, Chamazolene, Urea
Mohammad Ahmadi; Gholam Hossein Davarynejad; Majid azizi; N Sedaghat; ali tehranifar
Abstract
Abstract
Sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L.) is an important Iranian-native fruit, considered highly perishable commodity which cannot be stored for any length of time. On this study, effect of three gas compositions (ambient, 5% O2+5% CO2+90% N2 and 10% O2+15% CO2+75% N2) and two storage temperatures (0 ...
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Abstract
Sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L.) is an important Iranian-native fruit, considered highly perishable commodity which cannot be stored for any length of time. On this study, effect of three gas compositions (ambient, 5% O2+5% CO2+90% N2 and 10% O2+15% CO2+75% N2) and two storage temperatures (0 and 5 °C) on two sour cherry cultivars namely Erdy jubileum and Erdy Botermo was studied in a CRD (completely randomized design) based on factorial design with three replications. Fruits were examined, 42 days after packaging, in case of such different qualitative factors as weight loss, tissue firmness, total soluble solids (TSS), titrable acidity (TA), pH, and colour. The results indicate a better preservation of qualitative properties such as weight loss, tissue firmness and colour in the modified atmosphere; in 5% O2+5% CO2+90% N2 the lowest weight loss and the highest firmness was defected. In Erdy jubileum at 5°C titrable acidity was the lowest and the favourable impact of the 5 °C temperature treatment on qualitative properties, compared to that of 0 °C.
Keywords: Sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L.), Packaging, MAP, Quality, shelf-life
