Hossein Araghi; Ali Tehranifar; Bahram Abedi; Gholamhossein Davarynejad; Mahmood Shoor
Abstract
No Sufficient of chilling is a major problem in producing temperate fruit in warm climates. So determination of chilling requirement of different cultivars of grape is important. The aim of this research was determination of chilling requirement of four grape vine commercial cultivars including: Kolahdary, ...
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No Sufficient of chilling is a major problem in producing temperate fruit in warm climates. So determination of chilling requirement of different cultivars of grape is important. The aim of this research was determination of chilling requirement of four grape vine commercial cultivars including: Kolahdary, Red Rasin, Yaghoti and White Rasin that factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design with 12 chilling temperatures included: control, 50, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900 and 1000 hours below 5±10C and three replications with 6 individual samples in each replicate. Results showed that the effects of chilling requirement and cultivars on the studied traits including sprouting percentage, number of days to first sprouting shoot, number of days to last sprouting shoot and ratio of fresh weight to dry weight were significantly different. With increasing chilling duration from 200-1000 hour in Yaghoti cultivar and from 300-1000 hour in other three cultivars, there was no significant difference in the percentage of sprouting. Nevertheless at least 100 hr, of chilling is needed to get the favorable sprouting in Yaghoti cultivar and 200 hr, in other three cultivars. Results showed that with increasing chilling duration 0-1000 hr, the number of days for complete sprouting in kolahdary, Red Rasin, Yaghoti, and White Rasin cultivars decreased by 19, 19, 22 and 15 day, respectively. Moreover, the highest ratio of fresh weight to dry weight of vegetative parts of cutting above mentioned cultivars was observed in 200-1000 hr, rang of chilling.
Shadi Attar; Gholamhossein Davarynejad; Seyyed Hossein Nemati
Abstract
Recognition and identification of many native and foreign apples cultivars are not clear for researchers, students, and gardeners. Additionally, since there is not any descriptor available on this case, they have different local names and sometimes similar in Khorasan-e-Razavi province. This study aimed ...
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Recognition and identification of many native and foreign apples cultivars are not clear for researchers, students, and gardeners. Additionally, since there is not any descriptor available on this case, they have different local names and sometimes similar in Khorasan-e-Razavi province. This study aimed to evaluate physico-chemical and morphological traits to offer descriptor for identification some native and foreign apple varieties. Native varieties including Bijandi Akhlamad, Abdolmajidi, Golshahi Pish Ras, Compooti, Alimoori and foreign cultivars including Prime Rose, Red Spur, Fuji, Braebern, and Ingrid grafted on MM.106 rootstock during two years (2010-2011) at Golestan garden in Chenaran, Mashhad. About 62 different qualitative and quantitative traits related to the tree properties, leaves, flowers and physico-chemical attributes of fruit were carried out in a completely randomized design with 10 replications. Results showed that the fruit shape of Prime Rose cultivar was flat, Red Spur was conical to globular, Bijandi Akhlamadi was globular and the other was flat globular. The shape of carpel in Alimoori and Prime Rose were completely open and in the others were closed. Data showed that the greatest variation between cultivars was at the traits such as blossom end depth, fruit firmness, skin thickness, fruit length, fruit diameter, seed length, leaf width, fruit acidity and pH. Correlation analysis showed that petiole length significantly correlated with leaf length to leaf width ratio (r=0.74±0.07) and fruit weight with fruit length (r=0.96±0.03) positively at 1% probability level.
Elham Ardakani; Gholamhossein Davarynejad; Majid Azizi
Abstract
The limited postharvest storage life of apricot causes the goal of presenting a solution in this manuscript to improve the postharvest storage of studied apricot cultivars. Studying the effect of different concentration of pre-harvest salicylic acid on quality attributes and antioxidant activity of apricot ...
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The limited postharvest storage life of apricot causes the goal of presenting a solution in this manuscript to improve the postharvest storage of studied apricot cultivars. Studying the effect of different concentration of pre-harvest salicylic acid on quality attributes and antioxidant activity of apricot during storage is the approach in used. The apricot cultivar(Nori) were sprayed at the 3 weeks before commercial ripening stage, with 1, 2, 3 and 4 mM salicylic acid as well as distilled water (control). At commercial ripening stage, apricot fruit were harvested and immediately transported to the laboratory, and then fruits were packed in boxes with polyethylene cover and stored at 4°C and 95% relative humidity for 20 days. The changes in weight loss, fruit firmness, total soluble solids, titratable acidity, pH, ascorbic acid, total phenolics and antioxidant activity were estimated after 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 days during storage. The results showed that the weight loss, total soluble solids, pH increased significantly while the fruit firmness, titratable acidity, ascorbic acid, total phenolics and antioxidant activity decreased significantly during storage for both cultivars. During this stage, a significant difference between control and salicylic acid treatments in all measured parameters is observed. The salicylic acid treatments reduced significantly the weight loss and maintained their firmness. In this condition, the highest and lowest of titratable acidity, ascorbic acid, total phenolics and antioxidant activity were observed in treatments of 4 mM salicylic acid and control, respectively. The data revealed that the quality of apricot fruits was improved by the use of salicylic acid treatment due to its effect on delaying the ripening processes.
Elahe Mirabi; Seyyed Hossein Nemati; Gholamhossein Davarynejad; Hossein Arouiee
Abstract
Pepino (Solanum muricatum), a new vegetable crops, is from Solanaceae family and cultivated as annual crops. In order to investigate the effects of mulch on weed dry weight in pepino and soil humidity and temperature, an experiment was conducted based on randomized completely design with three replication ...
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Pepino (Solanum muricatum), a new vegetable crops, is from Solanaceae family and cultivated as annual crops. In order to investigate the effects of mulch on weed dry weight in pepino and soil humidity and temperature, an experiment was conducted based on randomized completely design with three replication at the Ferdowsi University of Mashhad green house, during 2009. Treatments included rice straw mulch, wood chips mulch and control. sampling was recorded at four stages. The result indicated that the effect of mulch was significant (P
Morteza Aalami; Ali Tehranifar; Gholamhossein Davarynejad; Yahya Selahvarzi
Abstract
Abstract
Turf grass as a main grown cover plant has a unique place in green space planning. In order to study the effect of hydrogel and paclobutrazol on water requirement of turfgrasse (Lolium perenne L. Barbal) a factorial experiment based on a BRCD with 3 replication was conducted in the summer of ...
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Abstract
Turf grass as a main grown cover plant has a unique place in green space planning. In order to study the effect of hydrogel and paclobutrazol on water requirement of turfgrasse (Lolium perenne L. Barbal) a factorial experiment based on a BRCD with 3 replication was conducted in the summer of 2010 in Mashhad. The factors under study were 4 levels of hydrogel (0, 3, 6, 9 gr/kg soil), 3 levels of irrigation (2day, 4day, 6day intervals) , 2 levels of paclobutrazol (control and preplanting seed treated, with 30mg/lit) on Lolium perenne. Results showed that the best density obtained using 6 g hydrogel and irrigation intervals of 2 days. The turf quality in soils with hydrogel application was better than the control. In general, the results showed that the plot with hydrogel had 33, 44 and 48% higher value in traits of color, density and chlorophyll content, respectively. Also the plot treated with paclobutrazol as compared with the control had 2, 7.5 and 11% more value in traits of density, cutting weight and root dry weight respectively. It is concluded that using 6 gr/kg hydrogel and paclobutrazol in soils with similar texture could reduce water consumption.
Keywords: Chlorophyll, Irrigation interal, Density, Electrolyte leakage
Reza Mansouri Dehshoaibi; Gholamhossein Davarynejad; Hossein Hokmabadi; Ali Tehranifar
Abstract
Abstract
The present research was done to evaluate proline, proteins and sugars of flower buds of pistachio trees during phonological stages. This study was conducted using a split-plot design with three replications considered time as main factor (5 Stages) and cultivars (Ahmad-aghaee, Ouhadi, Kaleh-ghochi ...
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Abstract
The present research was done to evaluate proline, proteins and sugars of flower buds of pistachio trees during phonological stages. This study was conducted using a split-plot design with three replications considered time as main factor (5 Stages) and cultivars (Ahmad-aghaee, Ouhadi, Kaleh-ghochi and Akbari) as secondary factor. The experiment was conducted at Ferdowsi University of Mashhad and Institute of Pistachio Research of Iran (PRI). The Studied Variables included proline, soluble sugars and total protein which were assessed during rest (winter), flowering (beginning of spring) and after spring frost. The highest (27.36 mili mol/gram weight of fresh flower bud) and lowest (7.86 mili mol/gram weight of fresh flower bud) rates of proline were found in Ahmad-aghaee after chilling injury and bud swelling, respectively. The highest rate of total protein was shown by Akbari (70.79%) and Ouhadi (71.25%) at flower burst, and the lowest amount was obtained at bud swelling of Ouhadi (25.39%). Results indicated that sugars accumulated during winter and reduced by beginning of spring. Amount of proline increased during flowering and after spring frost. overall proteins were fixed and low after falling leaves (autumn) to bud dormancy (winter), but its amounts increased after bud dormancy till after flowering and spring frost
Keywords: Cold resistance, Spring frost, Late autumn frost
Fatemeh Nematollahi; Ali Tehranifar; Majid Azizi; Gholamhossein Davarynejad
Abstract
Abstract
Reduction of post harvest losses in cut flowers and increasing their vase life, with consideration to high expenses of production is very necessary. One of the effective factors is presence of flowers near each other. This study was performed to investigate the interaction of some important ...
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Abstract
Reduction of post harvest losses in cut flowers and increasing their vase life, with consideration to high expenses of production is very necessary. One of the effective factors is presence of flowers near each other. This study was performed to investigate the interaction of some important cut flowers on their post harvest characteristics in vase solution (in combination or alone) in 2007- 2008 at post harvest physiology lab of horticulture department of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. In the first experiment the effects of gerbera and tuberose and in the second one the effects of daffodil, carnation and gillyflower on their post-harvest characteristics were investigated. Results of the first experiment showed that the presence of tuberose and gerbera in a vase solution caused significant reduction of gerbera vase life, but the effect of this factor is not significant on other gerbera characteristics. In addition the effect of gerbera on tuberose was caused significant reduction on tuberose fresh weight. Results of the second experiment showed that presence of gillyflowers near daffodils was caused significant reduction of daffodils vase life but the other flowers have not any effect on their vase lives. In the first day, the diameter of carnations flower was also reduced significantly when they were near daffodils in one vase solution. Treatments had not significant effects on fresh weight train. Vase solution turbidity was higher for those vases for two flowers than one flower. But this difference was significant only about the vase solution of daffodil + carnation. The highest solution pH was observed in the solution of daffodil and carnation alone and they had significant difference with the others.
Keywords: Post-harvest, Cut flower, Gerbera, Tuberose, Daffodil, Carnation, Gillyflower, Vase solution
Seyyed Hosein Nemati; Ali Akbar Esmaili; Gholamhossein Davarynejad; Mohammad Farsi
Abstract
Abstract
The quantative and qualitative yield comparison of three cucumber F1 cultivars including' Sina, Amyral, and Negin was evaluated using 3×3×3 factorial experimental design with six replication. Three types of pruning treatments were applied; cutting down all branches on main stem (b1), leaving ...
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Abstract
The quantative and qualitative yield comparison of three cucumber F1 cultivars including' Sina, Amyral, and Negin was evaluated using 3×3×3 factorial experimental design with six replication. Three types of pruning treatments were applied; cutting down all branches on main stem (b1), leaving one node and the leaf next to it on all branches (b2), leaving two node and the leaf next to them on all branches (b3) and three plant spacing levels (a1: 1.8 plant / m², a2: 2.1 plant / m², a3: 2.4 plant / m²) were studied. The effect of different pruning treatment on yield related traits was highly significant. The average yield with different plant density showed highly significant differences. The interactive effect of pruning and cultivars on yield related traits was also significant. The highest yield per m² and production per plant were found in third pruning treatment (leaving two nodes and the leaf next to them on all branches) with 16.2 kg/m² and 7.75 kg /pl., respectively. On the other hand, spacing of 2.4 plant /m² was the highest yield of 15.6 kg/m². The effect of cultivar on all studied traits in this experiment was significant differences except for number of diformed fruits per plant. The resalt showed that negin cultivar produced the highest yield per m² and production per plant with 15.2 kg/m² and 7.27 kg/pl. respectively. The number of diformed fruits was higher on lateral branches than those on main stems. The fruit on main stems were also found heavier than those on lateral branches.
Keywords: Greenhouse cucumber, Pruning, Plant spacing, Cultivar, Yield
Safiye Vatandoost Jartoodeh; Gholamhossein Davarynejad; Ali Tehranifar; Hamed Kaveh
Abstract
Abstract
An investigation was accomplished during 2007 and 2008 to test effect of hormonal treatment and cutting position on rooting of Sebri , Shekari and Natanz Cultivars of Pear (Pyrus pyrifolia.) The experimental design was a two way factorial in a completely randomized method and with PGR5 treatment ...
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Abstract
An investigation was accomplished during 2007 and 2008 to test effect of hormonal treatment and cutting position on rooting of Sebri , Shekari and Natanz Cultivars of Pear (Pyrus pyrifolia.) The experimental design was a two way factorial in a completely randomized method and with PGR5 treatment (IBA and IBA with NAA in four levels in the first year and four higher levels of IBA in second year) and Position of cuttings on stem ( in Two levels : terminal and basal ) in three cultivars with six replications per treatment. Analysis of data in the first year of experiment shown that the concentration of 3 ppm IBA was statistically increased rooting percentage and root length in both terminal and basal cuttings of Natanz cultivar. It also increased root number per cutting only in terminal cuttings of Natanz cultivar. Hormonal treatments did not shown any significantly callusing and rooting of Sebri and Shekari cuttings. Also observation of experiment in second year denote that basal cuttings of Sebri cultivar only in 500 mg/l IBA had a callus production of 40 %. Analysis of data for this year revealed that treatment of 100 mg/l IBA induce 75 % of rooting in Natanz cultivar and had the most value in both root number and root length.
Keywords: Own-root, IBA, Sebri , Shekari, Natanz, Cutting
Zeynab Ghayoor Karimiani; Abdolreza Bagheri; Maryam Jafarkhani Kermani; Gholamhossein Davarynejad
Abstract
Abstract
Gerbera is one of the most demanded plants in commercial cut flowers plants. Optimizing the micro-propagation of new cultivars is therefore important. In this research “Red Explosion” cultivar was used and Capitola (as explants) were directed to a modified solid Murashigue and Skoog medium ...
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Abstract
Gerbera is one of the most demanded plants in commercial cut flowers plants. Optimizing the micro-propagation of new cultivars is therefore important. In this research “Red Explosion” cultivar was used and Capitola (as explants) were directed to a modified solid Murashigue and Skoog medium with four concentration of TDZ (0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1.00 mgL-1) for regeneration. Three concentration of kinetin (4, 6 and 8 mgL-1) were applied and plantlets were transferred to free hormone medium for rooting. Number of new leaves produced, and fresh mass accumulation of cultured plantlets were used to determine the growth rate at 20 and 40 days after culture. Results showed that maximum shoot regeneration was occurred in 0.75 and 1.0 mgL-1TDZ. In proliferation stage first 20 days maximum increase in fresh weight in 6 mgL-1 kinetin and in second 20 days after culture in medium contained 4mgL-1 kinetin were observed. The highest number of new leaves was produced on the medium containing 6 mgL-1 kinetin and 87% of plantlets rooted after one month.
Key words: Gerbera, Tissue culture, Thidiazuron, Kinetin
Gholamhossein Davarynejad; Majid Azizi; Maryam Akheratee
Abstract
Abstract
Pistachio ( Pistacia vera L.) is an important crop in our country and has a unique position in export goods. In respect to better nut quality this research was conducted during 2005-2006. Macro and micronutrients were used as foliar application to surmount soil limitations in nutrient uptake ...
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Abstract
Pistachio ( Pistacia vera L.) is an important crop in our country and has a unique position in export goods. In respect to better nut quality this research was conducted during 2005-2006. Macro and micronutrients were used as foliar application to surmount soil limitations in nutrient uptake and alternate bearing control with “Owhadi” cultivar in RCBD with 3 replications. The treatments were control( water), NPK, Fe, Ca, Mg, Mn, Zn, Cu and mixture of all mention nutrients in three stage(15 day AFB, kernel filling and one month before harvest). Factors such as: dehisced nuts(%), blankness(%), number of fruit/stem cross section area, vegetative growth, leaf chlorophyll and nutrient content were determined. Treatments affected dehisced nuts properties at significant level as the highest level of dehisced nuts was detected in Ca treatment and the lowest one in control. There is not significant differences between treatments as blankness and chlorophyll content as concerned. Fruit yield / stem cross section area in two successive year had significant diffrerences. In two years the highest yield was produced in NPK and Cu treatment respectively but the lowest yield produced in mixture nutrients. All treatment affected vegetative growth significantly as the highest growth take placed in Cu treatment and the lowest growth was detected in mixture nutrients. Leaf nutrients analysis showed significant difference as Nitrogen, Phosphorus and K content between control, NPK and mixture nutrients treatment. All the nutrient were higher in NPK and mixture treatment as compared to control. Manganese content of the leaf was higher in Mn and mixture treatments than control. In conclusion , foliar nutrition can affect growth, fruit quality and alternate bearing of the trees.
Keywords: Pistacia, Alternate bearing, Blankness, Dehisced nuts, Nutrient, Foliar application
Zeinab Arian Pouya; Gholamhossein Davarynejad; Shadi Attar
Abstract
Abstract
Chilling injury of vegetative and generative buds, bark and wood during fall and winter seasons are mainly limiting factors for productivity of fruits. Selecting and expanding cultivars for more yield and quality without attention to the rate of their frost resistance are impossible. In this ...
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Abstract
Chilling injury of vegetative and generative buds, bark and wood during fall and winter seasons are mainly limiting factors for productivity of fruits. Selecting and expanding cultivars for more yield and quality without attention to the rate of their frost resistance are impossible. In this research, the rate of relative resistance of some peach and nectarine cultivars at a sudden downfall of temperature was analyzed in vivo weather conditions during the 2008 winter season in Mashhad. The meteorology station of the studied area (Golmakan station) registered -22°C for the minimum temperature of this year on 13th January, which was a little different from the weather of Mashhad. This test is performed as factorials in the form of a randomized complete block design with three replications. Relative ionic leakage is used on reproductive and vegetative buds, annual and biennial wood in peach cultivars (J.H.Hale, Elberta, Redhaven, Mashhad Sorkhosepfide and Mashhad Ghermez) and nectarine cultivars (Indipendens, Qiuota, Nectared 6 and Stargold). Between studied peach and nectarine cultivars, Mashhad Sorkhosephid and Mashhad Ghermez cultivars, which are cultivars native to Iran, were the most resistant reproductive buds that did not have a significant difference in comparison with other peach and nectarine cultivars with the exclusion of Indipendense cultivar. The most sensitive reproductive buds were nectarine Indipendense cultivar and the most resistant vegetative buds were Mashhad Sorkhosephid and Redhaven in peach cultivars and Nectared 6 and Qiuta cultivars in nectarine cultivars. The relative ionic leakage of annual wood in peach cultivars was more than nectarine cultivars. But the relative ionic leakage between peach cultivars was not significant and Nectared 6 cultivar did not have any difference compared to peach cultivars. The "Sorkhosephid" peach cultivar of Mashhad had more solution carbohydrates in generative buds and annual wood (93.33 and 136.50 mg/lit, respectively) than other studied cultivars. Results of sugar rate followed relative ionic leakage and visual observations and showed increasing sugar and decreasing ionic leakage in organ caused lower their susceptibility to cold.
Key words: Peach and nectarine Cultivars, Chilling injury, Relative ionic leakage, Visual observation, Sugar
Mohammad Ahmadi; Gholamhossein Davarynejad; Majid Azizi; Naser Sedaghat; Ali Tehranifar
Abstract
Abstract
Sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L.) is an important Iranian-native fruit, considered highly perishable commodity which cannot be stored for any length of time. On this study, effect of three gas compositions (ambient, 5% O2+5% CO2+90% N2 and 10% O2+15% CO2+75% N2) and two storage temperatures (0 ...
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Abstract
Sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L.) is an important Iranian-native fruit, considered highly perishable commodity which cannot be stored for any length of time. On this study, effect of three gas compositions (ambient, 5% O2+5% CO2+90% N2 and 10% O2+15% CO2+75% N2) and two storage temperatures (0 and 5 °C) on two sour cherry cultivars namely Erdy jubileum and Erdy Botermo was studied in a CRD (completely randomized design) based on factorial design with three replications. Fruits were examined, 42 days after packaging, in case of such different qualitative factors as weight loss, tissue firmness, total soluble solids (TSS), titrable acidity (TA), pH, and colour. The results indicate a better preservation of qualitative properties such as weight loss, tissue firmness and colour in the modified atmosphere; in 5% O2+5% CO2+90% N2 the lowest weight loss and the highest firmness was defected. In Erdy jubileum at 5°C titrable acidity was the lowest and the favourable impact of the 5 °C temperature treatment on qualitative properties, compared to that of 0 °C.
Keywords: Sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L.), Packaging, MAP, Quality, shelf-life
