Meysam Mansouri; Mahmood Shoor; Ali Tehranifar; Yahya Selahvarzi
Abstract
Gerbera is one of the ten important cut flowers in terms of production and consumption in the world and Iran. In this research effects of foliar application of salicylic acid and thiamine on biochemical characteristics of gerbera flower were investigated. This experiment was conducted in a completely ...
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Gerbera is one of the ten important cut flowers in terms of production and consumption in the world and Iran. In this research effects of foliar application of salicylic acid and thiamine on biochemical characteristics of gerbera flower were investigated. This experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with four replications in the greenhouse commercial of the Golazin Maghsoud Company. Treatments were included of municipal water (control), salicylic acid 75 and 150 µM and thiamine 250 and 500 µM. Foliar application was performed with interval of two weeks in two stages. The results showed that the treatments had a significant effect on biochemical characteristics of gerbera. The greatest amount of chlorophyll a (36.6 µg/g Fw), b (17.27µg/g Fw) and total chlorophyll content (61.17 µg/g Fw) were related to Thiamine 250 µM and the highest level of carotenoids content 7.87 (µg/g Fw) was related to Thiamine 500 µM. The most reducing sugars content (181.51 mg/g Fw) reported in 75 µM salicylic acid. The highest activity of catalase and peroxidase enzyme (94.5 and 70.7 unit enzyme per minute in gram fresh weight, respectively) were related to 75 and 150 µM salicylic acid. Thus, salicylic acid and thiamine increased photosynthetic pigments, antioxidant enzyme activities.
Ali Tehranifar; Mehdi Zarei; Behnam Esfandiyari; Zahra Nemati
Abstract
Pomegranate (punica granatum L.) is an important Iranian-native fruit, whose many varieties are cultivated. Fruits are widely consumed fresh and in processed forms as juice, jams and etc. Pomegranate peel, as a by-product of the commercial juice industry, is a rich source of bioactive compounds. This ...
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Pomegranate (punica granatum L.) is an important Iranian-native fruit, whose many varieties are cultivated. Fruits are widely consumed fresh and in processed forms as juice, jams and etc. Pomegranate peel, as a by-product of the commercial juice industry, is a rich source of bioactive compounds. This research has been done to evaluate and compare physical characteristics, total phenolics, total tannins and antioxidant activity of thirty different cultivars of pomegranates peels in a Completely Randomized Design with 4 replications. This study showed that there were significant differences among the cultivars in all measured factors. The fruit weight, peel percentage and peel thickness were within the range of 196.89-135.87 g, 59.82-63.61% and 3.13-5.25 mm, respectively. The results also showed that the values of total phenolics ranged from 320.35 mg g-1 dry matter to 328.52 mg g-1 dry matter. The total tannins content was observed in pomegranate cultivars between 189.35 mg g-1 dry matter and 197.35 mg g-1 dry matter. The antioxidant activity of pomegranate peel, as determined by the DPPH assays, was between 69.60 and 93.60%. In addition, the antioxidant activity was positively correlated with the total phenolics (r = 0.923) and total tannins (r = 0.816). These results demonstrated that the cultivar is the main parameter which determined the physical properties, phenolics compounds and antioxidant activity in the peel of pomegranate. The large amount of phenolics compounds in pomegranate peels provided a good potential as a supplement rich in natural antioxidants.
Hamideh Rastegari; Ali Tehranifar; Seyyed Hossein Nemati; Mohammad Reza Vazifehshenas
Abstract
To investigate the effect of different concentrations (0, 0.01% and 0.02%) of salicylic acid (SA) on some quantitative and qualitative characteristics of pomegranate fruit cultivar ‘Malase Yazdi’ at ripening,2 and 4month ofstorageat5°C, a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block with ...
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To investigate the effect of different concentrations (0, 0.01% and 0.02%) of salicylic acid (SA) on some quantitative and qualitative characteristics of pomegranate fruit cultivar ‘Malase Yazdi’ at ripening,2 and 4month ofstorageat5°C, a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block with three replications was conducted. Quantitative characteristics including percentage of fruit weight loss, percentage of healthy arils, aril paleness percentage, and fruit quality characteristics including percentage of skin browning and white segments separating the arils (membrane), electrolyte leakage (EL), juice pH, titrable acidity, total soluble solids, antioxidant activity, juice ascorbic acid content and fruit taste index were measured. The results showed that with time until two month of storage, the weight loss of fruit had happened, but then the rate of weight loss reduced. With SA application percentage of healthy arils and aril paleness increased. The lowest and highest percentage of membrane browning was related to concentration of 0.01% of SA after two month of storage (14.8%) and control fruits after four months of storage (96.6%), respectively. SA in 0.02% concentration reduced EL at harvest but with time the EL increased so that SA could not prevent EL increases after 4 month of storage. Also fruit taste index reduced with increasing in SA concentration. Over time and during storage titrable acidity, total soluble solids, juice PH and browning percentage increased significantly while ascorbic acid decreased.
Askar Ghani; Ali Tehranifar; Valiollah Ghasemi; Samira Hatefi
Abstract
Pseudohandelia Tzvel. belongs to the Asteraceae family with only one species. It is endemic to Khorasan Province in Iran. Having partially big and beautiful inflorescences make it a proper choice in urban green space especially in case of mass culture. In this research, to investigate possibility of ...
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Pseudohandelia Tzvel. belongs to the Asteraceae family with only one species. It is endemic to Khorasan Province in Iran. Having partially big and beautiful inflorescences make it a proper choice in urban green space especially in case of mass culture. In this research, to investigate possibility of micro propagation of this plant two separate experiments were designed. To obtain non contaminated explants, seeds were cultured in MS media in February 2009. After about two months a few healthy plants as stock plants for use in later stages produced through subculture. In the first stage, to evaluate amount of callus production, a factorial experiment based on a randomized complete design with two factors conducted. The first factor was 12 different hormone levels (including BAP, IAA, KN and 2,4-D with different concentrations) and second factor was explants type (including leaf, apical and lateral buds as a explants) making 36 treatments in total. In the second stage to induce stem on produced callus a randomized complete design with 34 treatments (including mentioned hormonal treatments, base MS media and different explants) was used. At the end the callus with stems were transplanted to a MS media containing IBA for root production. The results of the first experiment showed callusogenensis response to above hormonal treatments was seen in this plant with the exception of 2,4-D. Significant difference among the means of hormonal treatments for fresh weight of induced callus was observed. The result of the second experiment showed limited treatment could produce stem and most of treatments just produce callus. Also those samples that produced stem, a few could produce root in MS media.
Gholamreza Chenarani; Mahmood Shoor; Ali Tehranifar; Seyyed Hossein Nemati; Gholamhossein Davarynejad
Abstract
CO2 enrichment in greenhouse is a suitable way which reduces production time, better growth vigor and also higher plant quality. The main aim of this study was to find out the effects of artificial CO2 enrichment under different light levels on rooting of the ornamental foliage Codiaeum variegatum. The ...
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CO2 enrichment in greenhouse is a suitable way which reduces production time, better growth vigor and also higher plant quality. The main aim of this study was to find out the effects of artificial CO2 enrichment under different light levels on rooting of the ornamental foliage Codiaeum variegatum. The experiment was planned as a split plot based on a completely randomized design. CO2 was considered as the main plots (380 as control, 750 and 1050 ppm) and these light intensities as the sub plots (10000 as control, 12000 and 14000 Lux) were used. Results showed a significant increase on measured traits with elevating levels of CO2 and light. Highest measured values of different traits were observed at 12000 Lux light intensity and 750 ppm CO2 enrichment. Light intensity × CO2 interaction had a significant effect on leaf length, leaf number, root quality, root volume, root length (P≤0.01) and rooting percentage at (P≤0.05). Spad chlorophyll unit was not noticeably significant. Rooting and plant growth generally raised along with both light intensity and CO2 elevation.
Amir Lakzian; Vali Feiziasl; Ali Tehranifar; Akram Halajnia; Hadise Rahmani; Payam Pakdel; Seyyed Hedayat Mohseni; Arezo Talebi
Abstract
Dieback of trees is a serious problem in many different regions of the world and city authorities are concern about conserving and maintaining the green spaces in the big cites. This study was conducted to evaluate the early dieback and yellowing of sycamore trees (platanus sp.) by using a completely ...
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Dieback of trees is a serious problem in many different regions of the world and city authorities are concern about conserving and maintaining the green spaces in the big cites. This study was conducted to evaluate the early dieback and yellowing of sycamore trees (platanus sp.) by using a completely randomized block design (Split Split plot) in 15 replications (sites) in 2009. The main plot was plant sampling times (spring, summer and autumn), sub plot was the plant condition (green and yellow) and sub-sub plot was the place of sampling on the tree (down, middle and upper). After sampling, preparation and chemical analysis, total nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, iron, manganese, zinc and sodium were measured by standard methods and the data was interpreted by using site regression model (GGE biplot analysis). The results showed that nitrogen deficiency was occurred with more intensity in the down layer in summer time compare to the spring time. The results also showed that iron deficiency occurred in the yellow tree groups and zinc deficiency also occurred simultaneously. However zinc deficiency was not proven in the spring time but it occurred in summer time. Iron deficiency was started in the spring time and then more deficiency observed in summer time. With regarding to the obtained results it dose not seem that nutritional deficiency is the main reason of dieback of sycamore trees in Mashhad. These symptoms also might be caused by drought stress and water deficiency, low temperature in winter or early spring. Fungi attack and other diseases can cause similar symptoms.
Yahya Selahvarzi; Ali Tehranifar
Abstract
Fruit spoilage of pomegranate is one of the most important problems in postharvest stages and its exports. This decay is mainly due to the influence and spread of saprophytic or parasitic fungi into the pomegranate fruits. In this purpose effects of essential oil from medicinal plants include; caraway ...
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Fruit spoilage of pomegranate is one of the most important problems in postharvest stages and its exports. This decay is mainly due to the influence and spread of saprophytic or parasitic fungi into the pomegranate fruits. In this purpose effects of essential oil from medicinal plants include; caraway (Carum carvi) and peppermint (Mentha piperetta), and packaging (whit or no polyethylene bags) were investigated on shelf life, quality, decay percentage, chilling index and biochemical traits. The pomegranate fruits were kept in 5±1ºC and 85-90 percent humidity. The results showed that the highest amount of chilling index and weight loss was in without polyethylene bag treatment by 3.45 and 17.03, respectively. On the other hand the most percent of fungal infection was observed in polyethylene alone treatment by 29.41%. Whereas, essential oils (1000 ppm) of caraway and peppermint was able to control postharvest fungal infection caused by LDPE packaging, completely. The usage of caraway essential oil on pomegranate fruits increased phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity, significantly.
Ali Akbar Shokouhian; Gholamhossein Davarynejad; Ali Tehranifar; Ali Rasoulzadeh
Abstract
The base of nut production in almond is flower buds set with best quality and quantity. Although the process of flower buds set is controlled by genetic characteristics, however it affected with inside and outside diverse factors. To understand relationship between these factors for achieve to annual ...
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The base of nut production in almond is flower buds set with best quality and quantity. Although the process of flower buds set is controlled by genetic characteristics, however it affected with inside and outside diverse factors. To understand relationship between these factors for achieve to annual and regular nut production economically. An experiment was conducted in order to evaluate effects of effective microorganisms (EM) under water stress conditions on bud flower formation in two genotypes of almond trees in Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, in 2011. In this research effects of two different concentrations (0 and 5%) of EM and three levels of aridity stress treatments (100, 66, and 33% of FC) on number of flower buds in two genotypes (H1and H2) of almond was evaluated. This experiment was arranged as a factorial experiments based on a randomized complete blocks design with four replications. Results showed that the EM increased amount of leaf area, chlorophyll, storage protein, N, K and P in leaves. In this research, effects of different genotypes, EM and irrigation levels on number of flower bud set were significantly different at the %1 level. Number of flower bud formation increased by treatments of EM application, H1 genotype and irrigation level of FC% 100. There was significant interaction between treatments for this trait at %1 level. The best result was obtained from interaction between H2 genotype and irrigation using level of FC% 100 and EM application.
Hossein Araghi; Ali Tehranifar; Bahram Abedi; Gholamhossein Davarynejad; Mahmood Shoor
Abstract
No Sufficient of chilling is a major problem in producing temperate fruit in warm climates. So determination of chilling requirement of different cultivars of grape is important. The aim of this research was determination of chilling requirement of four grape vine commercial cultivars including: Kolahdary, ...
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No Sufficient of chilling is a major problem in producing temperate fruit in warm climates. So determination of chilling requirement of different cultivars of grape is important. The aim of this research was determination of chilling requirement of four grape vine commercial cultivars including: Kolahdary, Red Rasin, Yaghoti and White Rasin that factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design with 12 chilling temperatures included: control, 50, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900 and 1000 hours below 5±10C and three replications with 6 individual samples in each replicate. Results showed that the effects of chilling requirement and cultivars on the studied traits including sprouting percentage, number of days to first sprouting shoot, number of days to last sprouting shoot and ratio of fresh weight to dry weight were significantly different. With increasing chilling duration from 200-1000 hour in Yaghoti cultivar and from 300-1000 hour in other three cultivars, there was no significant difference in the percentage of sprouting. Nevertheless at least 100 hr, of chilling is needed to get the favorable sprouting in Yaghoti cultivar and 200 hr, in other three cultivars. Results showed that with increasing chilling duration 0-1000 hr, the number of days for complete sprouting in kolahdary, Red Rasin, Yaghoti, and White Rasin cultivars decreased by 19, 19, 22 and 15 day, respectively. Moreover, the highest ratio of fresh weight to dry weight of vegetative parts of cutting above mentioned cultivars was observed in 200-1000 hr, rang of chilling.
Seyyedeh Mahdiyeh Kharrazi; Seyyed Hossein Nemati; Ali Tehranifar; Abdolreza Bagheri; Ahmad Sharifi
Abstract
Carnation is considered as the world's third most important cut flower. Tissue culture techniques offer suitable method for micropropagation of this ornamental plant. However, one of the problems during in vitro culture of carnation is vitrification. Ratio of ammonium to nitrate and agar concentrations ...
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Carnation is considered as the world's third most important cut flower. Tissue culture techniques offer suitable method for micropropagation of this ornamental plant. However, one of the problems during in vitro culture of carnation is vitrification. Ratio of ammonium to nitrate and agar concentrations in the medium affect this phenomenon. Therefore, in this study the effect of these factors on the rate of proliferation and the vitrification of carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) cultivar Innove Orange Bogr, was evaluated. In this investigation lateral buds were cultured on MS medium containing 1 mg/l BA, 0.1 mg/l NAA and with different concentrations of agar and different ratio of ammonium to nitrate. The results showed that increasing in the agar concentration to 12 g/l lead to decreasing the rate of vitrification but regeneration also declined. Increase of agar concentration cause limitation in nutrient absorption by plants. Also, decrease in the ratio of ammonium to nitrate in the medium reduces the amount of vitrification, but did not result in adverse effects on plant regeneration rates. Multiple regressions showed that the effect of ammonium to nitrate ratio on vitrification was higher than agar concentration. So by considering the amount of shoot regeneration and vitrification, to obtain the most normal shoots, the concentration of 10 g/l agar with ammonium to nitrate ratio 1:6, is recommended.
Mohammad Golrang; Mahmood Shoor; Ali Tehranifar; Seyed Mmohammad Javad Mousavi
Abstract
Since lawn cultivation is a laborious process, we need new and quick methods of cultivation such as sod production to revive and repair green spaces. Mean while, the kind of cultures media and the types of cultures net which are used tostreng then the lawn parts (sodding) may infiuence the quality pf ...
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Since lawn cultivation is a laborious process, we need new and quick methods of cultivation such as sod production to revive and repair green spaces. Mean while, the kind of cultures media and the types of cultures net which are used tostreng then the lawn parts (sodding) may infiuence the quality pf the produced sod. This study investigated the effect of four kinds of soil combinations including: clay, (30% compost + 70% clay), (30% clay + 40% sand + 30% compost) and (10% pitmass + 90% clay). Also, it aimd to study four types of network such as: plastic guid, metallic guid, plastic bag and guidless. This investigation was dcne without any control network in production. In addition, factorial analysis was used based on 16 random treatments in three replicates within two years (2009,2010). The lawn seed under investigation was in the form of the one used in sports, fields and it was a mixture of three species and five cultivar. The results displayed that the mean of color charactristics, chlorophyll a, total chlorophyll, level of chlorophyll after first winter frost and growth rate were significantly more in the bed cultuer ( 30% compost + 70% clay) than the last of bed cultuer. On the other hand bed cultuer containing hight percentage of clay displayed more uniformity and density of weed. Regarding color, chlorophyll b and level of chlorophyll after first winter frost, the bed cultuer with hight compost were better than the others in the growth rate. The highest rigidity obtained in plastic bag net and the level of weed in this treatment is compairing with others were lower in significant.
Zahra Nemati; Ali Tehranifar; Mohammad Farsi; Amin Mirshamsi Kakhki; Seyyed Hossein Nemati
Abstract
Pomegranate (Punica granatum L. that one Punicaceae) is one of the important economical and commercial horticultural plants cultivated in arid and semiarid parts of Iran. Also, due to the long history of pomegranate cultivation in Iran, genotypes from different regions with obvious similarities in appearance ...
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Pomegranate (Punica granatum L. that one Punicaceae) is one of the important economical and commercial horticultural plants cultivated in arid and semiarid parts of Iran. Also, due to the long history of pomegranate cultivation in Iran, genotypes from different regions with obvious similarities in appearance but with different names can be observed. Thus, the precise discrimination between .genotypes is essential for effective management for future pomegranate breeding programs. In this study, AFLP markers based on seven primer combinations (EcoRI/Tru1I) were used to evaluate genetic variation and Phylogenic relationship among 31 different .genotypes of native pomegranate belonging to seven of Iran provinces. According to the cluster analysis, a relatively low genetic diversity was observed across the .genotypes studied. Also, the results showed that the clustering of the cultivars didn’t concerne to morphological traits. The derived dendrogram proved that .genotypes are clustered independently from their geographical origin and their denomination. Heterozygosity index, Principal co-ordinates analysis (PCoA), Gst Index and analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed noticeable similarity among studied populations and observed variation within populations was very low and near zero. The high level of morphological traits diversity in Iranian pomegranate and low level of polymorphism in genome organization of these .genotypes determined by AFLP markers may be related to the somatic propagation and also type of pomegranate pollination.
Maryam Kamali; Mahmood Shoor; Yahya Selahvarzi; Morteza Goldani; Ali Tehranifar
Abstract
To evaluate the effects of various concentration of carbon dioxide and salinity stress on morphophysiological characteristics of Amaranthus tricolor L. an experiment was conducted in greenhouse conditions in Faculity of Agriculture Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. the experiment was split plot based on ...
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To evaluate the effects of various concentration of carbon dioxide and salinity stress on morphophysiological characteristics of Amaranthus tricolor L. an experiment was conducted in greenhouse conditions in Faculity of Agriculture Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. the experiment was split plot based on completely randomized design with three levels of CO2 (380, 700, 1050 µl/L) and three concentrations of sodium chloride (0,150, 300 mM) with 3 replications. The results showed that in control carbone dioxide (380 µl/L), application of salinity to 300 mM, reduced shoot dry weight, plant height and leaf area from 9.34, 53.83 and 1001 to 3.71, 35.3 and 158 respectively. Interaction effects of salinity and carbon dioxide showed that in control salinity and 1050 µl/L carbon dioxide, shoot dry weight and plant height increased 46 and 38% respectively. in level of 150 mM sodium chloride, with increasing concentrations of carbon dioxide from 380 to 700 µl/L, leaf area increased from 134 to 358 cm2. at this salinity level, in concentration of 1050 µl/L carbon dioxide, leaf area was 287 cm2. The final results showed that increasing concentrations of carbon dioxide improves adverse effects of salinity. in characteristics such as leaf area and electrolyte leakage, carbon dioxide in 700 µl/L and in characteristics such as root dry weight, shoot dry weight and plant height concentrations of 1050 µl/L carbon dioxide showed a better reaction to salinity.
Seyyedeh Mahdiyeh Kharrazi; Seyyed Hossein Nemati; Ali Tehranifar; Ahmad Sharifi; Abdolreza Bagheri
Abstract
Abstract
Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) is the third most important cut flowers in the world. Tissue culture techniques offer an efficient method for micropropagation of this ornamental plant. In present work effects of Kinetin (Kin) and Benzyl Adenine (BA), on shoot multiplication and hyperhydricity ...
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Abstract
Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) is the third most important cut flowers in the world. Tissue culture techniques offer an efficient method for micropropagation of this ornamental plant. In present work effects of Kinetin (Kin) and Benzyl Adenine (BA), on shoot multiplication and hyperhydricity of four carnation cultivars (Prado Aquila Kgr, Skimo Mogr, Mondeo Kgr and Innove Orange Bogr) were studied. Explants from nodal segments were cultured on MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of BA (1, 2, 3 and 4 mg/l) and Kin (1, 2, 3 and 4 mg/l) in combination with 0.2 mg/l NAA, 30 g/l sucrose and 8 g/l agar. Rooting of regenerated shoots was done in the MS medium supplemented with 1 mg/l NAA. Results indicated that there is a significant difference among cultivars shoot regeneration, Eskimo and Prado Aquila Kgr with 3.2 and 1.5 shoots show the highest and lowest regeneration rate, respectively. Increasing the concentration of cytokinin from 1 mg/l to 4 mg/l lead to increase regenerated shoot number from 1.7 to 2.4 shoots per explant and increase hyperhydricity from 12% to 54%. In addition high concentration of cytokinin, especially BA, decreased height of regenerated shoots. Based on hyperhydricity percentage of regenerated shoots, there was a significant difference between cultivars and cytokinins. Mondeo Kgr and Prado Aquila Kgr showed highest (44%) and lowest (23%) hyperhydricity, respectively and explants cultured in medium supplemented with BA caused more (40%) hyperhydricity than Kin (26%). Results of present work showed that by increasing the concentration of cytokinin specially BA, multiplication will be increased but also it will increase the hyperhydricity of plantlets and consequently it will lead to death of them. By considering the amount of multiplication and frequency of hyperhydricity for obtaining the highest number of normal shoots, using of MS medium containing 1 mg/l BA in combination with 0.2 mg/l NAA is suggested.
Keywords: Carnation, Benzyl Adenine, Kinetin, Hyperhydricity, Shoot multiplication, Micropropagation
Morteza Aalami; Ali Tehranifar; Gholamhossein Davarynejad; Yahya Selahvarzi
Abstract
Abstract
Turf grass as a main grown cover plant has a unique place in green space planning. In order to study the effect of hydrogel and paclobutrazol on water requirement of turfgrasse (Lolium perenne L. Barbal) a factorial experiment based on a BRCD with 3 replication was conducted in the summer of ...
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Abstract
Turf grass as a main grown cover plant has a unique place in green space planning. In order to study the effect of hydrogel and paclobutrazol on water requirement of turfgrasse (Lolium perenne L. Barbal) a factorial experiment based on a BRCD with 3 replication was conducted in the summer of 2010 in Mashhad. The factors under study were 4 levels of hydrogel (0, 3, 6, 9 gr/kg soil), 3 levels of irrigation (2day, 4day, 6day intervals) , 2 levels of paclobutrazol (control and preplanting seed treated, with 30mg/lit) on Lolium perenne. Results showed that the best density obtained using 6 g hydrogel and irrigation intervals of 2 days. The turf quality in soils with hydrogel application was better than the control. In general, the results showed that the plot with hydrogel had 33, 44 and 48% higher value in traits of color, density and chlorophyll content, respectively. Also the plot treated with paclobutrazol as compared with the control had 2, 7.5 and 11% more value in traits of density, cutting weight and root dry weight respectively. It is concluded that using 6 gr/kg hydrogel and paclobutrazol in soils with similar texture could reduce water consumption.
Keywords: Chlorophyll, Irrigation interal, Density, Electrolyte leakage
Payam Pakdel; Ali Tehranifar; Seyyed Hossein Nemati; Amir Lakzian; Seyyedeh Mahdiyeh Kharrazi
Abstract
Abstract
To study the effects of four types of mulches including wood chips, municipal compost, sawdust and gravel in three different thicknesses on growth of Platanus orientalis during two years, an experiment was conducted in Mashhad area with semi-arid climate. The research was conducted as split ...
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Abstract
To study the effects of four types of mulches including wood chips, municipal compost, sawdust and gravel in three different thicknesses on growth of Platanus orientalis during two years, an experiment was conducted in Mashhad area with semi-arid climate. The research was conducted as split plot based on a completely randomized block design with four replications. Treatments included control (no mulching) and four types of mulch including wood chips, municipal compost, sawdust and gravel in three thickness (5, 10 and 15 cm). During the study, soil moisture and temperature, total leaf number, fresh and dry weight of leaves, tree height, fresh weight of tree, trunk circumference at height of 20 cm from soil surface was measured. Sawdust mulch with 15cm thickness had highest soil moisture and lowest soil temperature. All factors in sawdust mulch with 15cm thickness showed the highest growth characteristics. In all factors (tree fresh weight, leave fresh and dry weight, tree height, total number of leaves and trunk circle at 20 cm height) increasing of mulch thickness led to increased rate of growth and the best results was observed at 15cm thickness of all kinds of mulches. There were no significant difference among mulch types on height of the tree but all mulch types had significant difference with control. In the other measured factors including total leaf number, fresh and dry weight of leaves, fresh weight of tree, trunk circumference at height of 20 cm from soil surface, the highest growth was related to sawdust, wood chips, compost, gravel and control, respectively. It seems that sawdust with keeping soil moisture and reducing drought stress could help better growth of the plants compare to other mulches in dry and semi-arid areas.
Keywords: Mulch, Plane, Soil moisture, Soil temperature, Growth factors
Reza Mansouri Dehshoaibi; Gholamhossein Davarynejad; Hossein Hokmabadi; Ali Tehranifar
Abstract
Abstract
The present research was done to evaluate proline, proteins and sugars of flower buds of pistachio trees during phonological stages. This study was conducted using a split-plot design with three replications considered time as main factor (5 Stages) and cultivars (Ahmad-aghaee, Ouhadi, Kaleh-ghochi ...
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Abstract
The present research was done to evaluate proline, proteins and sugars of flower buds of pistachio trees during phonological stages. This study was conducted using a split-plot design with three replications considered time as main factor (5 Stages) and cultivars (Ahmad-aghaee, Ouhadi, Kaleh-ghochi and Akbari) as secondary factor. The experiment was conducted at Ferdowsi University of Mashhad and Institute of Pistachio Research of Iran (PRI). The Studied Variables included proline, soluble sugars and total protein which were assessed during rest (winter), flowering (beginning of spring) and after spring frost. The highest (27.36 mili mol/gram weight of fresh flower bud) and lowest (7.86 mili mol/gram weight of fresh flower bud) rates of proline were found in Ahmad-aghaee after chilling injury and bud swelling, respectively. The highest rate of total protein was shown by Akbari (70.79%) and Ouhadi (71.25%) at flower burst, and the lowest amount was obtained at bud swelling of Ouhadi (25.39%). Results indicated that sugars accumulated during winter and reduced by beginning of spring. Amount of proline increased during flowering and after spring frost. overall proteins were fixed and low after falling leaves (autumn) to bud dormancy (winter), but its amounts increased after bud dormancy till after flowering and spring frost
Keywords: Cold resistance, Spring frost, Late autumn frost
Fatemeh Nematollahi; Ali Tehranifar; Majid Azizi; Gholamhossein Davarynejad
Abstract
Abstract
Reduction of post harvest losses in cut flowers and increasing their vase life, with consideration to high expenses of production is very necessary. One of the effective factors is presence of flowers near each other. This study was performed to investigate the interaction of some important ...
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Abstract
Reduction of post harvest losses in cut flowers and increasing their vase life, with consideration to high expenses of production is very necessary. One of the effective factors is presence of flowers near each other. This study was performed to investigate the interaction of some important cut flowers on their post harvest characteristics in vase solution (in combination or alone) in 2007- 2008 at post harvest physiology lab of horticulture department of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. In the first experiment the effects of gerbera and tuberose and in the second one the effects of daffodil, carnation and gillyflower on their post-harvest characteristics were investigated. Results of the first experiment showed that the presence of tuberose and gerbera in a vase solution caused significant reduction of gerbera vase life, but the effect of this factor is not significant on other gerbera characteristics. In addition the effect of gerbera on tuberose was caused significant reduction on tuberose fresh weight. Results of the second experiment showed that presence of gillyflowers near daffodils was caused significant reduction of daffodils vase life but the other flowers have not any effect on their vase lives. In the first day, the diameter of carnations flower was also reduced significantly when they were near daffodils in one vase solution. Treatments had not significant effects on fresh weight train. Vase solution turbidity was higher for those vases for two flowers than one flower. But this difference was significant only about the vase solution of daffodil + carnation. The highest solution pH was observed in the solution of daffodil and carnation alone and they had significant difference with the others.
Keywords: Post-harvest, Cut flower, Gerbera, Tuberose, Daffodil, Carnation, Gillyflower, Vase solution
Mojtaba Khorrami Raad; Mahmood Shoor; Yousef Hamidoghli; Ali Tehranifar; Seyyed Hossein Nemati; Mostafa Salehifar
Abstract
Abstract
This experiment was conducted for optimizing a suitable medium for callus induction, regeneration and rooting of Anthurium. leaf and petiol explants of Antadra and Casino varieties were used for callus production. MS medium was supplied with growth regulators (NAA, BA, Kin and IBA). A complete ...
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Abstract
This experiment was conducted for optimizing a suitable medium for callus induction, regeneration and rooting of Anthurium. leaf and petiol explants of Antadra and Casino varieties were used for callus production. MS medium was supplied with growth regulators (NAA, BA, Kin and IBA). A complete randomized design with 3 replication was used in this expriment. Result indicates that varieties and growth regulators were significantly affected on callus production. The highest amount of callus was produced in C5 medium (3 mg/lit BA and 0.5 mg/lit NAA) in dark condition. The highest number of shoots were obtained from callus in Re2 medium (Ms BA 1 mg/l and NAA 0.01 mg/l) in light condition. After 8 weeks of inoculation, about 22.83 plantlets per cm-2 of callus were obtained. The best rooting medium (Ro2) was contained 1 mg/l IBA and 0.2 mg/l Kin which produced 11.5 roots per plantlet. Antadra cultivar was better than Casino for callus and shoot production, but casino cultivar showed better rooting than the.
Keywords: Anthurium andreanum, Callus, Regeneration, Rooting, Tissue culture
Safiye Vatandoost Jartoodeh; Gholamhossein Davarynejad; Ali Tehranifar; Hamed Kaveh
Abstract
Abstract
An investigation was accomplished during 2007 and 2008 to test effect of hormonal treatment and cutting position on rooting of Sebri , Shekari and Natanz Cultivars of Pear (Pyrus pyrifolia.) The experimental design was a two way factorial in a completely randomized method and with PGR5 treatment ...
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Abstract
An investigation was accomplished during 2007 and 2008 to test effect of hormonal treatment and cutting position on rooting of Sebri , Shekari and Natanz Cultivars of Pear (Pyrus pyrifolia.) The experimental design was a two way factorial in a completely randomized method and with PGR5 treatment (IBA and IBA with NAA in four levels in the first year and four higher levels of IBA in second year) and Position of cuttings on stem ( in Two levels : terminal and basal ) in three cultivars with six replications per treatment. Analysis of data in the first year of experiment shown that the concentration of 3 ppm IBA was statistically increased rooting percentage and root length in both terminal and basal cuttings of Natanz cultivar. It also increased root number per cutting only in terminal cuttings of Natanz cultivar. Hormonal treatments did not shown any significantly callusing and rooting of Sebri and Shekari cuttings. Also observation of experiment in second year denote that basal cuttings of Sebri cultivar only in 500 mg/l IBA had a callus production of 40 %. Analysis of data for this year revealed that treatment of 100 mg/l IBA induce 75 % of rooting in Natanz cultivar and had the most value in both root number and root length.
Keywords: Own-root, IBA, Sebri , Shekari, Natanz, Cutting
Hamideh Pour; Seyyed Hossein Nemati; Ali Tehranifar; Mahmood Shoor; Mohammad Reza Jowharchi
Abstract
Abstract
Nowruzak (Salvia leriifolia) of Lamiaceae family has a good capability for domestication in Khorasan’s natural habitats. In order to investigate the effect of sowing design and depth in seedling emergence and permanence, a split plot experiment based on a randomized complete block design ...
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Abstract
Nowruzak (Salvia leriifolia) of Lamiaceae family has a good capability for domestication in Khorasan’s natural habitats. In order to investigate the effect of sowing design and depth in seedling emergence and permanence, a split plot experiment based on a randomized complete block design was performed with three replications. Results indicated sowing design in all three parameters, sowing depth in number of days for emerging were significantly differents (p
Haniyeh Hadizadeh; Ali Tehranifar; Mahmood Shoor; Seyyed Hossein Nemati
Abstract
Abstract
Paclobutrazol is one of the most important triazolic compounds which are used as growth retardants in some crops. In this study, the effect of application methods and concentration of Paclobutrazol on plant height of tuberose and possibility of pot production was investigated. In the first ...
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Abstract
Paclobutrazol is one of the most important triazolic compounds which are used as growth retardants in some crops. In this study, the effect of application methods and concentration of Paclobutrazol on plant height of tuberose and possibility of pot production was investigated. In the first experiment, tuberose bulbs were soaked in 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 mg.l-1 paclobutrazol for 10, 20 and 30 minutes and then planted in pot. The experiment was conducted using a factorial experiment in completely randomized block design with 4 replications. In the second experiment, plants (20 cm hight and fully expanded leaf) were sprayed with 0, 15, 30, 45, 60 and 75 mg.l-1 Paclobutrazol using completely randomized design with 5 replications. In each experiment, the control treatment consisted of untreated bulbs. Results indicated that the tallest plants (54.54 and 60.40 cm in soaking and spray experiment respectively) were control plants. The earliest flowering (107.3 days after planting) also was seen in control plants whereas flowering was delayed to 122.2 days using 100 mg.l-1 paclobutrazol. Shoot length, rachis length and floret number were affected by concentration of paclobutrazol using in preplant bulb soak and spray methods. Our results showed that paclobutrazol could control plant size in relation to pot size.
Keywords: Polianthes tuberose L., Paclobutrazol, Application method
Mahmood Shoor; Ali Tehranifar; Asghar Khoshnod Yazdi
Abstract
Abstract
Tuberose is one of the most important cut flowers in Iran and the world. In this experiment, effect of microelements Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn on inflorescence length, inflorescence bunch length, number and diameter of floret, diameter of inflorescence bunch and vase life of tuberose flowers were studied. ...
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Abstract
Tuberose is one of the most important cut flowers in Iran and the world. In this experiment, effect of microelements Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn on inflorescence length, inflorescence bunch length, number and diameter of floret, diameter of inflorescence bunch and vase life of tuberose flowers were studied. This study was based on four separate completely randomized experimental design with four replicate and four concentrations include: 0, 2, 4 and 6 mg/lit for each microelement. The fertilizers were sprayed in three stages. The first stage was at eight leaf stage (after 30 days). The second stage was, one month later from first stage and the third stage was one month after second stage of plant growth. The results showed that the concentrations of 6 mg/lit of Fe SO4 on inflorescence length and floret number, 2 mg/lit on bunch length and 4 mg/lit on floret opening was significant (P≥1%). The concentrations of 2 mg/lit of Cu SO4 on length of flower bunch and floret number, 6 mg/lit on floret opening percentage and inflorescence diameter and 4 mg/lit on length of inflorescence was effective. Almost all traits were affected by Mn SO4 with 6 mg/lit concentration and vase life reached to 12.4 days.
Keywords: Microelements fertilizers, Tuberose flower, Vase life
Askar Ghani; Majid Azizi; Ali Tehranifar
Abstract
Abstract
The purpose of this study is acclimization evaluate of five wild Achillea in cultivation condition and ornamental potential. The seeds of wild species (From Khorasan Razavi, Shiraz and Karaj area, Iran) were sownt in pots in September 2006. After initial growth, the seedlings were transplanted ...
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Abstract
The purpose of this study is acclimization evaluate of five wild Achillea in cultivation condition and ornamental potential. The seeds of wild species (From Khorasan Razavi, Shiraz and Karaj area, Iran) were sownt in pots in September 2006. After initial growth, the seedlings were transplanted in main plots (30×40 cm interval) in November 2006. Phonological and morphological characteristic at different growth stage were recorded. An experiment conducted in factorial randomized based on complete block design (RCBD) with 5 treatments and 3 replications that Achillea species were treatments. The results showed that different species have special traits that could be used depend on our goal. A. millefolium has the highest flowering period (100 day) and plant height (nearly 1 meter). A. biebersteinii was better than other species in respect of inflorescence number, flower diameter and flower height. A .wilhelmsii and A. eriophora had the highest lateral inflorescence number and early flowering. This species because of good acclimization, tolerant to unfavorable conditions, long flowering period, perennial habit and bearing beautiful and big flowers, seems to be suitable plants for use in green space.
Key words: Achillea, Domestication, Morphological characteristic, Native plants, Ornamental plants
Ali Tehranifar; Yahya Selahvarzi; Ali Gazanchian; Hossein Arouiee
Abstract
Abstract
Many uses of landscape and important roll of ground covers aspect turfgrasses caused extensive of this plant in the cities. This study focuses on shoot responses and tolerance of native and commercial turf grasses under drought stress in a factorial experiment based on unbalanced completely ...
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Abstract
Many uses of landscape and important roll of ground covers aspect turfgrasses caused extensive of this plant in the cities. This study focuses on shoot responses and tolerance of native and commercial turf grasses under drought stress in a factorial experiment based on unbalanced completely random design on the year 2006. The specious that we used in this experiment included (i) commercial tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) (ii) commercial perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) (iii) native tall fescue population (Festuca arundinacea). The drought stress levels included (i) 50%FC (ii) 25% FC (iii) recovery from drought stress and 3 groups of pots that was always in the field capacity condition. The results of this study showed that dry weight decreased 26.4% in 25% FC traits in compare with control traits under severe drought stress. Decreased in leaf wide, leaf total area, leaf total length and increase in leaf diameter caused decrease in evaportanspiration under drought stress in festuca genus. Parameter of quality change (TQ) and decrease in total chlorophyll content was minimum in native tall fescue and maximum in commercial ryegrass, from perfect irrigation to sever drought stress. Shoot dry weight, leaf width, total leaf area and total leaf length, visual quality and leaf total chlorophyll content increased 18.2%, 103.3%, 74.4%, 28.8%, 64.1%, 40.8% respectively, and mean leaf diameter decreased 53.2% in compare with sever drought stress condition after 14 days rewatering.
Key words: Recovery, Drought stress, Native fescue, Visual quality, Chlorophyll content
