Pomology
Leila Jafari Burki; Bijan Kavoosi; Hamid Zare
Abstract
Introduction
Table grape is one of the most important horticultural crops in Fars province however in recent years climate change has caused negative effects on phenology and reduced the quantity and quality of its product. Around the world, shade net is used for a different of crops, from fruits ...
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Introduction
Table grape is one of the most important horticultural crops in Fars province however in recent years climate change has caused negative effects on phenology and reduced the quantity and quality of its product. Around the world, shade net is used for a different of crops, from fruits and vegetables to nursery plants to protect against strong sunlight, wind, hail and bird injury. Shade net are commonly used in vineyards for early, late harvest, protection from hail, snow, storms, and the prevention of the negative effects of pests and diseases in many countries such as Japan, Thailand, Australia, Chile, the United States and Turkey. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of color type and shading percentage on some characteristics of grapes of Rishbaba cultivar in one of the vineyards of Kavar city in 2019.
Materials and Methods
The experiment was performed as a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with 3 replications with canopy color factors (green, red and white) and shading percentage (30% and 50%) and without canopy (control). Kavar city is located 45 km southeast of the center of the province and has a longitude of 250 and 42 and a latitude of 290 and 11 ". The altitude is 1510 meters above sea level and the average rainfall is 290 mm, the average annual temperature is 22, the maximum temperature is 44 and the minimum temperature is minus 4 degrees Celsius. In this study, some characteristics of vegetative and biochemical traits such as shoot length, number of nodes, internode distance, leaf area and chlorophyll, some environmental indicators (leaf temperature, light intensity and some characteristics of quantitative traits berry and cluster weight and some qualitative traits Similar soluble solids, taste index and vitamin C were examined.
Results and Discussion
The results showed that green cover with 50% shading had the highest vegetative growth in terms of shoot length (20.87 cm), internode distance (3.80 cm) and leaf area (188.33 cm2) and the lowest shoot length (42 cm) and (48.25 cm2), internode distance (2.97 and 2.58 cm) and leaf area (133.07 and 139.68 cm2) were related to control and white canopy treatments, respectively. Shade net with red color has the highest number of nods (22.77) and with 50% shading the highest amount of total chlorophyll (30.47 mg / g fresh weight), cluster weight (691.67 g) and vitamin C (4.10 mg per 100 ml juice). The white color of the shade caused the highest leaf temperature (29.17 ° C) and light intensity (538.67 watts per square meter). In general, shading reduced the temperature of grape leaves and increasing the percentage of shade had a decreasing effect on light intensity. The shade net also reduces the amount of sunlight reaching the trees and lowers the level of evapotranspiration, which reduces the symptoms of plant water stress and thus increases photosynthesis, plant yield and fruit size.
Conclusion
Among the different net colors, the highest leaf temperature (29.17 ° C) was related to white color and the lowest (26.92 °C) was related to red and green colors. Among the different colors of the nets, white color had the highest intensity of light (538.67 watts per square meter) and the lowest intensity of light (540.67 watts per square meter) related to green color. The white color of the shade net had an increasing effect on the taste index and the green color had a decreasing effect compared to other colors. Uncoated vines (control) had the highest amount of soluble solids, while green cover with 50% shading had the lowest amount of soluble solids. According to the results of this study, the red canopy had an increasing role in increasing the quantity and quality of bearded grapes, the green canopy caused vegetative growth and the increase in vegetative growth with the percentage of shade had a direct effect. The shade net protected the vines and the crop from sunlight and prevented sunburn. The green canopy with 50% shading had the most positive effect. All treatments had a positive effect on the vegetative growth of vines and among them, green canopy with 50% shading had the greatest effect. All treatments had a positive effect on crop uniformity in terms of size and color and red canopy with 50% shading had the most positive effect on quantity and quality of Rishbaba grapes compared to other treatments.
Zahra Davarkhah; Bijan Kavoosi
Abstract
Introduction: Table grape (Vitis vinifera L.) is one of the most important small fruits in Iran produced in a wide range of climates from temperate to tropical regions. Khoshnaw cultivar is one of the most important table grapes in Iran. Vineyard soil in many parts of Iran is calcareous, leading to the ...
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Introduction: Table grape (Vitis vinifera L.) is one of the most important small fruits in Iran produced in a wide range of climates from temperate to tropical regions. Khoshnaw cultivar is one of the most important table grapes in Iran. Vineyard soil in many parts of Iran is calcareous, leading to the decrease in the availability of micronutrients and exposure of vines to severe nutritional disorders. Lack of imbalanced fertilization is one of the reasons for the reduction in yield as well as fruit quality of vineyards. Iron, magnesium and zinc are essential nutrients that play an important role in increasing production and product quality. Zinc and iron deficiencies are the most common micronutrient disorders that have been observed in many vineyards of Iran. Other common deficiencies include manganese, boron, copper, and molybdenum. Most vineyards of Boyer Ahmad located in regions, where soil temperature is very low in spring, and obviously under these conditions and just when the grapevines need to make most of the mentioned elements, absorption of nutrients from the soil by the roots is reduced. However, there is high amount of lime (≥ 60%) in the soil of the same area in this condition with high pH (7.9). Therefore, under this situation, vines cannot uptake iron and other micronutrients including zinc and boron. The fertilizer sources and time of their application are two important factors. The aim of this study was to determine the best concentration and application time of Ferozinc fertilizer on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of table grape cv. khoshnaw.
Materials and Methods: The experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of foliar application of some micronutrient elements before and after flowering on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of table Grape cv. Khoshnaw in Yasuj during 2012. An experiment was conducted in private vineyards in Chitab district of BoyerAhmad region. The average annual precipitation was 676.7 mm. The minimum and maximum temperatures of this area varied from -7.8 oC to 35.3oC during the year. The average minimum and maximum temperatures in growing season were 13 oC and 29.5oC, respectively. 15-year-old own-rooted vines were trained by using head system. The vines were spaced 2.5 × 3 m. They were pruned by using spur pruning which left about 60 buds on each vine. The experiment was arranged as factorial based on randomized complete block design with two factors and four replications. The first factor included different levels of Ferozinc fertilizer (0, 500, 1000, 1500, and 2000 mg/l) and the second factor included different spraying times (before flowering, after flowering, and both times). The quantitative factors measured were the average of bunch weight, and average of fruit weight per bunch; and qualitative factors were percent of soluble solids (TSS percentage), the reaction of juice (pH), total acidity (TA percentage), TSS/TA ratio and vitamin C, respectively. The data were analyzed using MSTATC package program and means were separated using Duncan's Multiple Range Test at P ≤ 0.05 and P ≤ 0.01.
Results and Discussion: Results showed that the effects of Ferozinc fertilizer application were significant (p≤0.01) on the average of bunch weight, average of fruit weight per bunch, TSS/TA ratio, pH and vitamin C content. Moreover, the effect of foliar application time on all traits was significant, except for juice pH (p≤0.01). Based on the results of mean comparison, the interaction effect between different levels of Ferozinc fertilizer and times of foliar application on vitamin C content and pH of grape juice were significant (p≤0.01). The highest cluster weight (220.222 gr), average fruit weight per cluster (215.887 gr), TSS/TA ratio (31.29), pH (3.68) and vitamin C (2.849 mg/100 cc fruit juice) were obtained in the treatment containing 1000 mg/l Ferozinc fertilizer and both application times (before and after flowering).
Conclusions: In general, the results of the present study showed that the unavailability of optimal nutritional conditions in control treatment increased the quality of fruits. Therefore when the plant is faced with nutrition abnormalities, moderate consumption of elements could enhance quantity and quality of products. According to the results of this research, application of ferozinc fertilizer at concentration of 1000 ppm before and after flowering is recommended to improve the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of table grape cv. Khoshnaw under irrigation conditions in this area.
Seyyed Mehdi Hosseinifarahi; Keramatollah Goodarzi; Bijan Kavoosi
Abstract
Abstract
The aim of this study was to eliminate Zn deficiency and increasing yield in Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L) cv, Askari، via trunk injection method. The experiment was carried out in the Cisakht region; in randomize complete blocks design with four treatments and four replications. Treatments ...
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Abstract
The aim of this study was to eliminate Zn deficiency and increasing yield in Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L) cv, Askari، via trunk injection method. The experiment was carried out in the Cisakht region; in randomize complete blocks design with four treatments and four replications. Treatments included of Zinc trunk injection in concentration 0.15, 0.3 and 0.5% amount of 500 cc was injected to each vine and Control. Injections were applied in three stages including flowering, after fruit set and veraision. Different traits including yield, chlorophyll, Zn concentration in leaves, TSS %, TA, length, volume and weight of berry were measured. Results showed that trunk injection of zinc increased yield, Chlorophyll, length, volume and weight of berry when compared with untreated control. The TSS %, Zn concentration, TA and ratio of TSS/TA were not affected by trunk injection. However Zn was increased in leaves up to 16.7%. So, trunk injection method in order to correct zinc deficiency and increasing yield in Grapevine cv, Askari، is recommended.
Key words: Grapevine, Askari Cultivar, Zn So4 Trunk injection, Yield, Chlorophyll
