Gholamhossein Davarynejad; Somaye Shirbani; Mehdi Zarei
Abstract
Introduction: The amount of water available to plants includes one of the most important factors that affect the growth of plants. The objective of the present study was to investigate and compare the tolerance of different fig types (Ficus carica L.) to different low irrigation treatments.
Materials ...
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Introduction: The amount of water available to plants includes one of the most important factors that affect the growth of plants. The objective of the present study was to investigate and compare the tolerance of different fig types (Ficus carica L.) to different low irrigation treatments.
Materials and Methods: A factorial trial based on a completely randomized design with 3 replications was carried out in Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. The treatments of this experiment were four levels of irrigation including; supplying enough water to pots (100% field capacity), mild stress (75% field capacity), average stress (50% field capacity) and severe stress (25% field capacity) on Green, Black, Shah Fig and Matthew cultivars. Some of morphological and physiological traits like stem growth, leaf umber, leaf area, root length, root area, fresh and dry weight of shoot and root, root to shoot ratio, relative water content, electrolyte leakage, total chlorophyll and proline were measured.
Results and Discussion: According to the results, significant differences were observed between different irrigation treatments for all measured parameters. The highest level of stem growth, leaf umber and leaf area were detected in control treatment (100% field capacity), while the lowest contents were observed in severe stress (25% field capacity). The results showed that the fresh and dry weight of shoot and root decreased with increasing drought stress, so that the lowest amounts were observed in severe stress treatment (25% field capacity). The levels of relative water content was significantly affected by different irrigation treatments, since treated plants with severe stress treatment (25% field capacity) had the lowest relative water values, while the highest levels was observed in control treatment (100% field capacity). The highest and lowest of total chlorophyll content was observed in control treatments (100% field capacity) and severe stress (25% field capacity), respectively. Among the study treatments, severe stress treatment (25% field capacity) had the highest amount of root length, root area, root to shoot ratio and control treatment had the lowest root length, root area, root to shoot ratio. The obtained results detected that electrolyte leakage increased with increasing drought stress. The severe stress treatment (25% field capacity), had the highest proline content, followed by the average stress treatment (50% field capacity), while the lowest value was observed in control (100% field capacity). A variation in terms of all measured parameters also was observed among the cultivars and the differences were statistically significant. Among the presently tested cultivars, Black has the best resistant ability to drought stress than in other cultivar.
Conclusion: This research showed all measured parameters were significantly affected by irrigation treatments and cultivars. These data demonstrated that cultivar was the main parameter which influences the morpho-physiological properties in figs.
Gholamhossein Davarynejad; Sakineh Arefkhani; Majid Azizi; Mehdi Zarei
Abstract
In order to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of postharvest salicylic acid and calcium chloride on shelf life, quality characteristics and antioxidant activity of peach fruit cv. Amesden, an experiment was conducted as factorial based on randomized completely design with three replications. ...
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In order to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of postharvest salicylic acid and calcium chloride on shelf life, quality characteristics and antioxidant activity of peach fruit cv. Amesden, an experiment was conducted as factorial based on randomized completely design with three replications. Fruits were harvested at the commercial ripening stage, and fruits were immerged in different concentrations of salicylic acid (1 and 2 mM), calcium chloride (1.5 and 3%), combined salicylic acid and calcium chloride (1-1.5, 1-3, 2-1.5 and 2-3), and distilled water (control) for 5 min, then fruits were packed in boxes with polyethylene cover and stored at 4°C with 80-85% relative humidity for 35 days. The changes in weight loss, fruit firmness, rot percentage; pH, total soluble solids, titratable acidity, ascorbic acid and antioxidant activity were estimated in 0 and 35 days during storage. The results showed that the weight loss, rot percentage, pH and total soluble solids significantly increased, while the fruit firmness, titratable acidity, ascorbic acid and antioxidant activity significantly decreased at the end of storage period. The salicylic acid and calcium chloride treatments significantly reduced the weight loss and maintained their firmness. In this condition, the highest of titratable acidity, ascorbic acid and antioxidant activity were observed in treatments of salicylic acid and calcium chloride, while the lowest of total soluble solids and rot percentage was showed in treatments of salicylic acid and calcium chloride than in the control treatment. Also, combined treatment (salicylic acid + calcium chloride) had an important effect in relative to each treatment separately. The data indicated that the use of salicylic acid and calcium chloride may be introduced as an effective and successful strategy in postharvest technology of the peach.
Ali Tehranifar; Mehdi Zarei; Behnam Esfandiyari; Zahra Nemati
Abstract
Pomegranate (punica granatum L.) is an important Iranian-native fruit, whose many varieties are cultivated. Fruits are widely consumed fresh and in processed forms as juice, jams and etc. Pomegranate peel, as a by-product of the commercial juice industry, is a rich source of bioactive compounds. This ...
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Pomegranate (punica granatum L.) is an important Iranian-native fruit, whose many varieties are cultivated. Fruits are widely consumed fresh and in processed forms as juice, jams and etc. Pomegranate peel, as a by-product of the commercial juice industry, is a rich source of bioactive compounds. This research has been done to evaluate and compare physical characteristics, total phenolics, total tannins and antioxidant activity of thirty different cultivars of pomegranates peels in a Completely Randomized Design with 4 replications. This study showed that there were significant differences among the cultivars in all measured factors. The fruit weight, peel percentage and peel thickness were within the range of 196.89-135.87 g, 59.82-63.61% and 3.13-5.25 mm, respectively. The results also showed that the values of total phenolics ranged from 320.35 mg g-1 dry matter to 328.52 mg g-1 dry matter. The total tannins content was observed in pomegranate cultivars between 189.35 mg g-1 dry matter and 197.35 mg g-1 dry matter. The antioxidant activity of pomegranate peel, as determined by the DPPH assays, was between 69.60 and 93.60%. In addition, the antioxidant activity was positively correlated with the total phenolics (r = 0.923) and total tannins (r = 0.816). These results demonstrated that the cultivar is the main parameter which determined the physical properties, phenolics compounds and antioxidant activity in the peel of pomegranate. The large amount of phenolics compounds in pomegranate peels provided a good potential as a supplement rich in natural antioxidants.
Mehdi Zarei; Majid Azizi
Abstract
Abstract
Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is an important Iranian-native fruit, and many of its varieties are cultivated. This research was conducted to evaluate some of the major physical and chemical properties of six pomegranate cultivars at ripening stage in a Completely Randomized Design with 4 ...
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Abstract
Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is an important Iranian-native fruit, and many of its varieties are cultivated. This research was conducted to evaluate some of the major physical and chemical properties of six pomegranate cultivars at ripening stage in a Completely Randomized Design with 4 replications. The investigated traits were fruit fresh weight, fruit volume, peel thickness, peel percentage, aril percentage, fruit juice percentage, seed percentage, peel moisture, juice moisture and seed moisture as physical features and vitamin C, reducing sugar, anthocyanin, pH, titrable acidity, total soluble solids and flavor index as the chemical characteristics. The results indicated that Shahvar and Faroogh had the highest (346.6 g) and lowest (220.8 g) fruit weight, respectively. The highest (42.1%) and the lowest (24.5%) peel percentage were observed in Rabbab and Faroogh, respectively. The highest and the lowest aril percentage were recorded in cultivars Faroogh and Rabbab (75.5% and 57.9%), respectively. The results also showed that the highest content of reducing sugar was obtained in Faroogh (27.8 g.100 ml-1 juice) and the lowest one (17.9 g.100 ml-1 juice) in Rabbab. The highest (27.7 mg.100 ml-1 juice) and the lowest (7.9 mg.100 ml-1 juice) amount of anthocyanin were detected in Aghaie and Shahvar, respectively. The Shirinbihaste had the highest (15.1 mg.100 ml-1 juice) and Aghaie had the lowest (8.7 mg.100 ml-1 juice) vitamin C content. According to the results, Faroogh cultivar has more considerable advantages than the other evaluated cultivars. This cultivar is therefore recommend to be used as either for export and internal consumption or as processed forms in fruit juice factories.
Keywords: Pomegranate, Physical and chemical characteristics, Anthocyanin
