Mahboobe Dianati; Yousef Hamidoghli; Jamal-Ali Olfati
Abstract
Introduction: Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) breeding and seed production is highly important in Iran. Local varieties of cucumbers are desirable in terms of taste and resistance to diseases but in yield and some important traits such as number of female flowers are weak. There are three types of male, ...
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Introduction: Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) breeding and seed production is highly important in Iran. Local varieties of cucumbers are desirable in terms of taste and resistance to diseases but in yield and some important traits such as number of female flowers are weak. There are three types of male, female and hermaphrodite flower in cucumber. Distribution of these three types of flowers leads to different sex types in cucumber. Generally, cucumber plants are monoecious. Monoecious plants produce male and female flowers on the same plant, while gynoecious plant produce only female flowers. Among the different types of sex in cucumber, gynoecious plant has a higher yield as they have only female plants in every node. Therefore, almost all cultivars used in commercial production are gynoecious. Increasing cucumber yield through gynocey was studied by several scientists. In previous researches superior lines of cucumber with general and specific combining ability were identified but these lines did not have enough gynoecious. In the current study, the possibility of crossing commercial Ailar cultivar with elite lines are studied and their progeny are evaluated.
Material and Methods: In previous research we obtained some breeding lines which showed suitable general combining abilities. Breeding lines are B10, A10 and B12. They are monoecious but they are different in growth habit so that the growth habit of B12 line is determinate with small fruits. Growth habit of B10 is semi-determinate with medium fruits and the A10 line has intermediate growth habit with large fruits. The commercial Ailar cultivar was used to transfer gynocious trait. The seeds of lines and commercial Ailar cultivar were planted in pot on January of 14, 2016. Pollination was done by hand before anthesis. A hand pollinated flower was covered with gelatin capsule to prevent insect pollination. After crossing between parent lines and commercial cultivar three fruits were kept in each line and their seeds were planted on September 30, 2016. We planted 60 shrubs in each crossing and 10 shrubs from parent. This experiment was conducted in complete randomized block design with three replications. Information such as the number of male flowers, the number of female flowers, the number of lateral branch, percentage of male flowers and female flowers were recorded. We investigated all three populations from the crossing and selected the plants with the maximum number of female flowers for the next step. At the end, data were analysis with SAS and compare means was done with Tukey’s test.
Results and Discussion: Investigation of the population of crosses in all three hybrids showed an increase in the average number and percentage of female flowers compared to the parent lines. The results showed that the progeny of commercial Ailar cultivar with B12 had the highest number and percentage of female flower. The maximum number of female flowers was found in the progeny of commercial Ailar cultivar with B12 and B10 lines, which showed a better result than the maximum number in commercial cultivars. Along with the increase in the number of female flowers, examination of male flowers in all three populations showed a decrease in the average percentage and the number of male flowers in all three populations compared to the parent lines. The highest percentage of male flowers was observed in the progeny of commercial Ailar cultivar with A10 lines. The number of lateral branches in each of three populations was approximately the same, but there was a large variation among the studied plants, so that some plants produced two and some ten lateral branches in the first ten nodes. The results showed no significant differences between lateral branches. The environment has a great influence on the expression of the number of lateral branches, and the low heritability of this trait confirms this (11). The t test was performed on parents and offspring of Ailar hybrid with all three lines at 1% level. The significance of the t test indicates progeny deviation relative to the parent's mean that can be a predominant factor for controlling genes in these traits. Comparison of means by Tukey test showed an increase in female flowers in the offspring compared to parental lines. According to these result it is possible to release recombinant inbred lines similar to elite lines with gynoecious in future.
Fatemeh Moradipour; Jamal-Ali Olfati; Yousef Hamidoghli; Atefeh Saburi; Bahman Zahedi
Abstract
Introduction: Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) is one of the most widely cultivated vegetables. Plant length is a quantitative trait is controlled by many genes. These traits are difficult to study due to the complex nature of their inheritance. The combining ability estimation is useful in determining ...
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Introduction: Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) is one of the most widely cultivated vegetables. Plant length is a quantitative trait is controlled by many genes. These traits are difficult to study due to the complex nature of their inheritance. The combining ability estimation is useful in determining the breeding value of cucumber lines by suggesting the appropriate use in a breeding program. In studying combining ability, the most commonly utilized experimental approach is the diallel design. General combining ability is a measure of additive genetic action; and specific combining ability (SCA) is deviation from additivity. General combining ability is a main effect and SCA is an interaction. The aim is to determine the breeding value of the cross. Heterosis has been utilized to exploit dominance variance through production of hybrids. There are reports on positive and negative heterosis in cucumber however, there are differences between reports. This research was conducted to estimate general and specific combining ability and heterosis in cucumber inbred lines and hybrids to produce hybrids with high yield and quality.
Material and Methods: In the spring of 2014, the seven parental lines and their 21 F1 hybrid were planted at the University of Guilan, in loamy sand field. Three replications were arranged in a randomized complete block design. The sandy loam soil was prepared by plowing and disking and formed into raised beds by plowed and harrow prior to plant establishment. Rows were on 1 m centers and plants were about 25 cm apart in the row. Prior to planting 150 kg·ha-1 of nitrogen from urea and 100 kg·ha-1 of phosphorous from triple superphosphate and 80 kg·ha-1 of potassium sulfate was applied. Side dressing with the same amount of nitrogen and phosphorus occurred at 50% flowering stage. Irrigation with 250 m3·ha-1, three times weekly, was begun at plant first flowering. In each replication, 12 individuals of each line or hybrid were spaced 25 cm within a row (plot) on 1 m centers. Data were collected from 12 plants per plot of each accession. Analyses of variance (ANOVA) of data were performed and where appropriate, ANOVA was followed by LSD mean comparison of trait values. For the combining ability analysis (GCA), measurements of plants within each plot were averaged, and means were used as experimental units for analysis by the computer program Diallel.
Results and Discussion: Genotypes has significant effect on all measured characteristics. The highest plant length was related to B6 line and the lowest plant length was related to A0×B6 and B12×B6 hybrids. The highest number of lateral branch was related to B10×A11, B12×A0 and Guilan while the lowest number was related to A0, B12×B6, A15×A11. The highest plant length to first fruit was related to A4×A11 hybrids and the lowest plant length to first fruit was related to B10, B12, B10×A15 and B12×A4. The mean square of general combining ability (GCA) were significant only for plant height up to the first fruit but the mean square of specific combining ability revealed significant differences for all traits that indicated the important effects of dominance genes in inheritance of traits. Plant height up to first fruit has further general combining which reflects the non-additive genes action. The highest parent and standard negative heterosis for plant length was related to B12×B6 hybrid. This hybrid also showed the highest negative heterosis for number of lateral branch. The highest high parent negative heterosis for plant length to first fruit was related to A11×A4 hybrid while the highest standard negative heterosis was related to A0×A4 hybrid and the highest positive heterosis for this trait was obtained from B10×B12 and B12×A4 hybrids.
Conclusion: Although heterosis is affected a plant length is the primary target for increasing yield in high density cultivation, the biological complexity of this trait makes it difficult to draw meaningful conclusions in order to track individual causal elements involved in heterosis. Cucumber breeders might develop determinate or indeterminate cultivars based on high GCA for certain traits. Cucumber breeders might develop cucumber cultivars with optimal vegetative growth based on high general combining ability for their traits. The results revealed B10 and A4 lines are proposed for hybrid production with optimum vegetative growth. The hybrid obtained by crossing of B12 and B6 are proposed for cultivation with high plant density.
Yahya Tajvar; Reza Fotouhi Ghazvini; Yousef Hamidoghli; Reza Hassan Sajedi
Abstract
The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plants under low temperature stress cause damage to plants. In order to evaluate of antioxidant responses of Page mandarin young trees (two years old) on different rootstocks under low temperatures, an experiment was conducted in a factorial plan based ...
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The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plants under low temperature stress cause damage to plants. In order to evaluate of antioxidant responses of Page mandarin young trees (two years old) on different rootstocks under low temperatures, an experiment was conducted in a factorial plan based on completely randomized design. Treatment of temperatures were at seven levels include 9, 6, 3, 0.-3,-6 °C and 25 ± 2 °C (as control) and rootstocks were Sour orange, Citrange and Trifoliate orange. Results showed that, low temperatures increased electrolyte leakage, lipid proxidation, antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, catalase and peroxidase enzyme activities (P
Mojtaba Khorrami Raad; Mahmood Shoor; Yousef Hamidoghli; Ali Tehranifar; Seyyed Hossein Nemati; Mostafa Salehifar
Abstract
Abstract
This experiment was conducted for optimizing a suitable medium for callus induction, regeneration and rooting of Anthurium. leaf and petiol explants of Antadra and Casino varieties were used for callus production. MS medium was supplied with growth regulators (NAA, BA, Kin and IBA). A complete ...
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Abstract
This experiment was conducted for optimizing a suitable medium for callus induction, regeneration and rooting of Anthurium. leaf and petiol explants of Antadra and Casino varieties were used for callus production. MS medium was supplied with growth regulators (NAA, BA, Kin and IBA). A complete randomized design with 3 replication was used in this expriment. Result indicates that varieties and growth regulators were significantly affected on callus production. The highest amount of callus was produced in C5 medium (3 mg/lit BA and 0.5 mg/lit NAA) in dark condition. The highest number of shoots were obtained from callus in Re2 medium (Ms BA 1 mg/l and NAA 0.01 mg/l) in light condition. After 8 weeks of inoculation, about 22.83 plantlets per cm-2 of callus were obtained. The best rooting medium (Ro2) was contained 1 mg/l IBA and 0.2 mg/l Kin which produced 11.5 roots per plantlet. Antadra cultivar was better than Casino for callus and shoot production, but casino cultivar showed better rooting than the.
Keywords: Anthurium andreanum, Callus, Regeneration, Rooting, Tissue culture
Javad Fattahi Moghadam; Yousef Hamidoghli; Reza Fotouhi; Mahmood Ghasemnejad; Davoud Bakhshi
Abstract
Abstract
In this study, the physicochemical quality and antioxidant activities of fruits peel from 6 citrus varieties which commonly consumed in the North of Iran were determined. Some parameters were measurement such fruit size, peel thickness, residue percentage, peel color indices, total phenolics, ...
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Abstract
In this study, the physicochemical quality and antioxidant activities of fruits peel from 6 citrus varieties which commonly consumed in the North of Iran were determined. Some parameters were measurement such fruit size, peel thickness, residue percentage, peel color indices, total phenolics, total flavonoid, total anthocyanins, total carotenoids, total chlorophyll, ascorbic acid content and antioxidant capacity by DPPH● assay and ABTS +● scavenging activity. Results showed that there were a positive relationship between fruit size, peel thickness and residue percentage. Thamson variety was largest among all varieties. Generally, all varieties had standard peel color at harvesting time. The total content of phenolic was superior in peel of ‘Siavaraz’ (0.49 mg/ml) and ‘Page’ (0.43 mg/g) varieties. The peel of ‘Moro’ with 7.68 mg/g and 13.29 mg/l had highest total flavonoid and anthocyanin respectively. The highest of total carotenoid and chlorophyll accumulation with 0.84 and 3.5 mg/ml were observed in ‘Tarocco’. Perfectly, peel carotenoid concentration ranged from 0.12 to 0.84 and also from 0.87 to 3.5 mg/g to total chlorophyll. The quantity of ascorbic acid content ranged from 18.17 (Siavaraz) to 23.56 mg/100g FW (Thamson). Also, results showed ‘Sanguinello’ peel had the lowest IC50 values (0.2 mg) of DPPH radical scavenging activities. Base of AE results, significant differences only observed between ‘Sanguinello’ and other varieties. According to the ABTS assay, the antioxidant activity was at least 68.58% in ‘page’ variety. Finally, this peel of citrus varieties possessed relatively high antioxidant activity and might be rich sources of natural antioxidants.
Keywords: Citrus, Peel, Color, Antioxidant activity, Carotenoid, Flavonoid, Ascorbic acid
