Pomology
Hossein Sartip; Ali Akbar Shokouhian; Esmaeil Chamani; Alireza Ghanbari
Abstract
IntroductionSweet cherry is very popular due to its early maturity, high transportability, attractive appearance and good taste of the fruit. The high content of sugars, ascorbic acid, vitamins, carbohydrates and organic acids in the fruit increases the interest in this product both in industrial gardening ...
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IntroductionSweet cherry is very popular due to its early maturity, high transportability, attractive appearance and good taste of the fruit. The high content of sugars, ascorbic acid, vitamins, carbohydrates and organic acids in the fruit increases the interest in this product both in industrial gardening and home gardening. The damage caused by cold in the critical stages of plant growth is one of the important factors in reducing the yield of plants all over the world. Salicylic acid is one of the phenolic compounds that is produced by the roots, and by reducing the activities of reactive oxygen species, it increases the resistance of plants to various environmental stresses (Mahmoudi et al., 2019). Salicylic acid not only plays an important role in determining the quality, color and taste of grape fruit (Hajivand & Rahmati, 2018), but also in the plant's response to environmental stresses such as drought (Miura & Tad, 2014), cold (Kosova et al., 2014) salinity (Noreen et al., 2014) and heavy metal stress (Mahmoudi et al., 2019) are effective. Commercial compounds such as plant growth regulators, including antiperspirant and antifreeze substances, are also used to increase cold resistance or delay the breaking of bud stagnation in horticultural crops (Mahmoudzade et al., 2012). Another way to reduce spring cold damage is to use Natural Plant Antifreeze. These materials either act as a mechanical barrier to prevent the formation of ice crystals on sensitive plant tissues or activate cold resistance systems in the plant (Hajivand & Rahmati, 2018).Materials and MethodsIn order to investigate the effect of the application of growth regulators, on the cold resistance of the cherry tree variety "Siah Daneh Mashhad", a factorial experiment was conducted in the form of a randomized complete block design with 3 factors of growth regulators each at 3 levels. (salicylic acid: zero, 1.5 and 3 mM), (natural antifreeze Thiofer: zero, 2.5 and 5 per 1000) and (soybean oil: zero, 2.5 and 5 per 1000)} and in 4 repetitions It was performed in a commercial garden located in Serain city in 2018 and 2019.Results and DiscussionThe results of the variance analysis revealed that the three-way interactions of the experimental factors significantly influenced the percentage of healthy pistils and the duration of flowering cessation at the 1% probability level. The highest percentage of healthy pistils, reaching 69.25%, was observed in the treatment involving foliar spray application of salicylic acid (1.5 mM) combined with soybean oil (5/1000) and foliar spraying of Thiofer natural antifreeze (5/1000). Furthermore, the combined effect of salicylic acid and natural antifreeze was found to be the most effective in delaying the onset of flower opening. The highest amount of ion leakage percentage was observed in the control treatment and the lowest amount was observed in the 3 mM salicylic acid foliar treatment along with soybean oil (5 per 1000) Thiofer. According to the data variance analysis table (Table 1), the ion leakage index was affected by the simple effect of salicylic acid, soybean oil and antifreeze and the interaction effect of salicylic acid oil × salt, salicylic acid × soybean oil, and soybean oil × antifreeze. The activity of malondialdehyde was affected by the simple effect of salicylic acid and soybean oil and the interaction effect of salicylic acid × year and year × soybean oil (Table 1). The total phenolic content was also affected by the simple effect of salicylic acid and soybean oil (Table 1). According to Figure 11, increasing the concentration of salicylic acid increased the content of total phenol, so that the highest content of total phenol (53.22%) was obtained in the treatment of 3 mM salicylic acid, while there was no significant difference in the treatment of 1.5 mM salicylic acid. . To adapt to the cold, phenolic compounds accumulate in plants, which are related to the antioxidant capacity of the plant (Mozafari &Yazdan Panah, 2018). A decrease in temperature increases the accumulation of phenolic compounds in the plant and can act as a mechanism to adapt and overcome the oxidative stress caused by low temperature (Balasundram et al., 2007). Balasundram and colleagues (Balasundram et al., 2007) noted that grape plants exhibit an accumulation of phenolic compounds and proteins while maintaining membrane stability at low temperatures. This accumulation leads to reduced production of malondialdehyde, enhancing the plant's adaptability and tolerance to cold temperatures, thereby reducing the risk of freezing. Similar observations of increased phenolic compound levels during cold adaptation have been reported in pistachios (Palonen, 1999) and apples (Huang & Wang, 1982). Chen and Tian (Chan & Tian, 2006) reported an increase in phenolic compound accumulation following enhanced activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase enzymes in grapes treated with salicylic acid. From their findings, they concluded that salicylic acid plays a pivotal role in the biosynthesis of phenolic compounds and the activation of plant defense genes.ConclusionAccording to the observations of this research, it can be concluded that the use of salicylic acid along with soybean oil and natural antifreeze of Thiofer is a suitable solution in order to delay the opening time of flowers and also to increase the indicators of cherry cold resistance against The tension is cold.
Mohammad Safa; Jafar Hajilou; Rahim Nagshiband Hasani; Mohammad Ganbari Najar
Abstract
Introduction: Fruits and vegetables have special importance as a very important part of the human food supply. And from the beginnings of life, man has used these products to supply a part of his food. Nowadays, horticultural products are widely used in the diet. Cherry is one of the deciduous trees ...
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Introduction: Fruits and vegetables have special importance as a very important part of the human food supply. And from the beginnings of life, man has used these products to supply a part of his food. Nowadays, horticultural products are widely used in the diet. Cherry is one of the deciduous trees in the temperate regions, which is potassium rich. Use of Oxalic acid significantly reduces frost injury in pomegranate fruits during storage at a temperature of 2° C. In fruit trees, the importance of calcium is due to a delay in fruit ripening process and this way products have better portability.
Materials and Methods: Firmness test was measured using the FT011 model of penetrometer. For determination of titratable acidity, the 0.1 N sodium hydroxide (NaOH) titration method was used. Total Soluble solids content (SSC) of fruit was measured by a digital refractometer (PAL-1). For determination of vitamin C in fruit juices, titration method with the indicator, 2,6-di-chlorophenolindophenol was used. Fruit juice pH was measured using pH meter model HI 9811.In order to investigate the effect of postharvest soaking treatment with Oxalic acid on the qualitative specifications and storage life of single grain sweet cherry fruit a research was conducted. This experience was conducted in a completely randomized design with 3 replications separately for the two materials. In this experiment Oxalic acid, in four levels (0,4,6 and 8 mM) and Calcium chloride in four levels (0, 40, 55 and 70 mM) were applied on the single grain sweet cherry fruit in the form of soaking and sampleswith7-day intervals for a period of 28 days from the fridge out and quanti tate and qualitative traits such as stiffness, weight loss, Titratable acidity, total soluble solids, vitamin C and pH were measured.
Results and Discussion: The results showed that compared with control ones all of the concentrations of Oxalic acid and Calcium chloride caused significant differences in the amount of weight loss, firmness, Acidity, TSS, vitamin C and pH , so that weight loss rate on the fourth week for control samples was 39/79%, for samples treated with 8mM oxalic acid, 22/77%, and for 70 mM Calcium chloride, 21/19%; total soluble solids weight on the fourth week for control samples was 24/53%; for samples treated with 8mM Oxalic acid 21/43% and for 70 mM Calcium chloride 21/13%; and vitamin C weight on the fourth week for control samples was 2/65; for samples treated with 8Mm Oxalic acid 3/06 and for 70 mM Calcium chloride 3/16; also firmness and acidity were more than that of control.
Conclusion:In fruits treated with different concentrations of calcium chloride, the amounts of firmness, acidity and vitamin C were significantly higher than that of control. Also in treated fruits, the amounts of weight loss, total soluble solids and pH during storage were significantly lower than that of control. In fruits treated with different concentrations of Oxalic acid in fruits, the amounts of firmness, acidity and vitamin C were significantly higher than that of control. And in fruits treated with different concentrations of Oxalic acid, the amounts of weight loss, total soluble solids and pH were significantly lower than that of control. According to the results of this test calcium chloride treatment was better when compared with Oxalic acid.
Mohammad Reza Asghari; Hojjat Khalily
Abstract
Because of the harmful effects of chemicals on human health and environment, the use of these compounds in postharvest technology of horticultural crops is highly restricted. Current study was done to evaluate the effect of Aloe vera gel on postharvest quality and storage life of fruit cultivar Siahe-Mashhad. ...
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Because of the harmful effects of chemicals on human health and environment, the use of these compounds in postharvest technology of horticultural crops is highly restricted. Current study was done to evaluate the effect of Aloe vera gel on postharvest quality and storage life of fruit cultivar Siahe-Mashhad. Fruit were treated with Aloe vera gel of 25 and 33% for 5 min at 22 °C. Control fruit were treated with distilled water at 22°C. After drying the surface moister of fruit at ambient temperature. Fruit were divided into different groups of 25 fruit in each group and were transferred to cold storage of 1±0.5°C with 85-95% RH. Fruit quality attributes including marketing, total acidity, total phenolics, pH, weight loss and polyphenoloxidase enzyme activity were evaluated at first day and after 15 and 30 days of cold storage. 33% Aloe vera gel effectively preserved marketability, total acidity and total phenolics content and prevented increase in pH, polyphenoloxidase enzyme activity and decrease in fruit weightduring 30 days of cold storage. The results showed that Aloe vera gel could be used as commercial compound as a good alternative to chemicals in postharvest technology of cherry fruit cultivar Siahe-Mashhad.
Azam Seddighi; M. Gholami; Hassan Sarikhani; Ahmad Ershadi
Abstract
The use of compounds inhibiting ethylene production is very important in post-harvest technology of fruits. Sweet cherry is a non-climacteric fruit with capability of ethylene production during storage period. Factors that decrease ethylene production would increase fruits storage life. In this research ...
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The use of compounds inhibiting ethylene production is very important in post-harvest technology of fruits. Sweet cherry is a non-climacteric fruit with capability of ethylene production during storage period. Factors that decrease ethylene production would increase fruits storage life. In this research sweet cherry fruits of Mashhad cv. were sprayed with different concentrations of Salicylic Acid (0.5, 1, 2, and 3 mmol/l) and Gibberelic Acid (0, 10, 20 and 30 mg/l). Fruits were sprayed about three weeks before harvest, when their color started to change from green to yellow. The experiment was performed in a completely randomized design with three replicates. The results showed that GA had less effect on decreasing ethylene production compared to SA, but did better on anthocyanin accumulation, fruit size, soluble solids content and fruit weight. GA treatment delayed fruit ripening and ethylene production but had little or no effect on the fruit color as an important ripening index. During storage period also the total amount of anthocyanin in fruits increased due to hormone treatments whereas the ethylene production decreased compared to control fruits.
