M. Aghdaei; S.H. Nemati; L. Samiei; A. Sharifi
Abstract
Introduction: Pepino (Solanum muricatum Aiton) is a diploid herbaceous plant belongs to the Solanaceae family, which is growing in subtropical zone, originates from Andes in South America. It is commercially grown for its fruit, which is appreciated not only for food but also for its appearance, in South ...
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Introduction: Pepino (Solanum muricatum Aiton) is a diploid herbaceous plant belongs to the Solanaceae family, which is growing in subtropical zone, originates from Andes in South America. It is commercially grown for its fruit, which is appreciated not only for food but also for its appearance, in South American countries, including Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru, as well as in countries such as New Zealand and Australia. Pepino is propagated by seed, cutting, and tissue culture methods. Most pepino cultivars are sexually fertile and produce viable seeds, but their seeds have poor germination and high level of heterozygosis causing to highly variable plants. Both mentioned negative aspects have limited the mass production of this plant through seed. In this case, stem cutting is used as the most common way of propagating pepino led to transmission of viral diseases and increasing propagation costs as two main limiting factors of pepino propagation. So, micropropagation systems are a promising tool to produce disease-free clonal plant material with low costs. Therefore, the present study was aimed to assess the effect of different media and plant growth regulators on micropropagation traits of pepino.
Materials and Methods: Three separate experiments were carried out in institute of plant sciences of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad in 2016. Pepino seeds were bought from company of Plant World Seed, UK, were cultivated on MS medium. Grown plants were used as source of providing explants. Four mediums, including MS, ½ MS, SH and B5 were used to determine the best culture medium for shoot regeneration of pepino using single node explant. A factorial experiment was conducted based on a completely randomized design. Some growth properties such as number of shoots, shoot length, number of roots, root length, leaf number and leaf length were evaluated after two and four weeks. In proliferation experiment, MS medium was compared with MS supplemented with different concentrations of BA (0.5, 1 and 2 mg L-1) and Kin (0.5, 1 and 2 mg L-1) applied as combined treatments, and also BA used alone at concentrations of 2, 4 and 6 mg L-1 that was conducted based on a completely randomized design. For rooting of explants, an experiment was conducted based on a completely randomized design containing of two concentrations of IBA (at 0.3 and 0.6 mg L-1) and three concentrations of NAA (at 0.3, 0.6 and 0.9 mg L-1) in MS medium. Some growth properties including root number and length, root density and root quality were evaluated after four weeks
Results and Discussion: Results indicated that micropropagation rate of pepino was affected by culture medium type. The highest shoot length, number of root, root length and leaf number were obtained in MS medium, although statistically there was no significant difference between MS and ½ MS media. The highest number of shoots and leaf length were observed in MS medium, which led to a significant difference with other media (½ MS, SH and B5). Overall, Based on obtained results MS medium was the best culture medium for micropropagation of pepino using single node. In the proliferation experiment, the highest shoot and leaf number and plant color were obtained with using 2 mg L-1 BA + 1 mg L-1 Kin, whereas the highest shoot length and leaf length were observed in the 1 mg L-1 BA + 2 mg L-1 Kin and 1 mg L-1 BA+1 mg L-1 Kin treatments, respectively. Increasing in concentration of BA up to 2 mg L-1 in combination with Kin had a positive effect on shoot proliferation, while applying BA at concentration 2, 4 and 6 mg L-1 alone led to decrease in proliferation. Results obtained from rooting experiment showed that the highest root number, root density and root quality were obtained using IBA at the concentration of 0.6 mg L-1, whereas the highest root length was observed by applying IBA at concentration of 0.3 mg L-1, which led to a significant difference with other treatments. Furthermore, results indicated that the effect of IBA on rooting of pepino microshoots was more than NAA.
Conclusion: Generally, the best results were obtained by MS medium, 2 mg L-1 BA with 1 mg L-1 Kin for shoot proliferation, and IBA at concentration of 0.6 mg L-1 for the rooting of pepino nodal segments.
Azimeh Hajisadeghian Najafabadi; iman roohollahi
Abstract
Introduction: Natanzi, a native pear cultivar of Iran, is one of the Iranian high quality and commercial pear. True plant type can be produced with in vitro micropropagation. Micropropagation used for species that have long generation time, low levels of seed production, or seeds that do not readily ...
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Introduction: Natanzi, a native pear cultivar of Iran, is one of the Iranian high quality and commercial pear. True plant type can be produced with in vitro micropropagation. Micropropagation used for species that have long generation time, low levels of seed production, or seeds that do not readily germinate. Auxins in various concentrations are used for rooting depending on the different conditions of the tissue and culture medium. After propagation one of the problems with the production of plants through micropropagation is acclimatization. Low survival and poor growth of rooted seedlings in in vitro conditions after transferring to the environment, limits the use of tissue culture. The fungi symbiosis with root can enhance the success of this method. Natanzi pear propagation in Murashige and Skoog (MS) and propagated seedling acclimatization with mycorrhiza treatment were not reported. The aim of this study is evaluation the effects of various concentrations of BAP, IBA and GA3 on shooting, and NAA and IBA on rooting of Natanzi pear. In the second part of this experiment, the effects of mycorrhizal fungi on root development and absorption of phosphorus were evaluated.
Materials and Methods: In this study one-year branch buds of P.communis cv. Natanz from a wild mature tree native in village Tame, Natanz city, Isfahan Province, were used as plant material. Natanzi pear cutting were propagated supplemented with MS media under factorial experimental designs with three replications. Shoot proliferation in MS and MS with half concentration by BAP, IBA and GA3 were studied. Four different levels of IBA and NAA under light and dark condition for rooting were studied. After rooting plants were transplanted into 10 cm×12 cm plastic pots. Transplant was made in conditions of high ambient humidity to reduce damage to the plantlets. At transplant, pots were filled with different sterilized substrates, composed of mixtures of a coco peat:perlit and peat moss:perlit at a 1:1 (v/v) ratio. Substrates were wetted before filling the pots. At transplant, plants were inoculated with the AM fungus Glomus mosseae and G. intraradices, in the form of a mixture of spores, soil, and infected clover roots. Ten grams of inoculum were placed in each planting hole about 1 cm below the roots, for a total treatment. 10 g of the autoclaved mixed soil used for inoculated control treatment. Acclimatization, seedling survival, colonization, phosphorus concentrations and some morphological characteristics of root such as root characteristic were evaluated under G. mosseae and G. intraradices infection. Also two different bed, coco peat:perlite and peat moss:perlite at a 1:1 (v/v) ratio were examined. At the end of the experiment, Roots plants were stained to assess mycorrhiza colonization using Phillips and Hayman method (????). Colonization percentages of colonization were measured using Giovannetti and Mosse method. The total P concentration of plants was assessed using standard analytical techniques.
Results and Discussions: BAP (3 mg L-1) with IBA (0.5 mg L-1) is suitable of Natanzi pear proliferation under micropropagation condition. The highest rooting of Natanzi pear under in vitro condition were reported in MS and ½MS and 0.5 mg L-1 NAA under light and dark conditions, respectively. The results of experiments on Natanzi pear showed a positive effect of mycorhiza on the growth of infected seedlings compared to control treatments. Finally 100% of seedling were survived after acclimatization with mycorrhiza. Mycorrhiza increased the seedling length and root growth characteristics. No significant differences were observed in colonization of different mycorrhiza infection. Peat moss with no treatment (control) showed the most phosphorus concentrations and peat moss with G. mosseae mycorrhiza showed the most average root diameter.
Conclusions: BAP and IBA (3 × 0.5 mg L-1) showed significant effect on proliferation and NAA (0.5 mg L-1) on rooting in MS respectively. Peat moss with G. mosseae is suitable to increase the acclimatization of Natanzi pear seedlings. Mycorrhiza increased the length of seedling and root growth characteristics during eight weeks of acclimatization. Natanzi pear seedlings showed the highest growth under G. intraradices treatment in peat moss. G. mosseae showed a significant effect on the average root diameter in peat moss. Results of leaf phosphorus concentration and root colonization percentage showed that there was no significant correlation between phosphorus concentration and colonization percentage.
mehdi mohebodini; Zahra Azimzadeh; Esmail Chamani; Malihe Erfani
Abstract
Introduction: Lily (L. ledebourii) is the rarestspeciesof thegenusLilium, and grows in Caucasus region. Iranis one of the important distribution areas of this endangered species. It is important as an ornamental plant due to its large and attractive white flowers that are equal to those of commercial ...
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Introduction: Lily (L. ledebourii) is the rarestspeciesof thegenusLilium, and grows in Caucasus region. Iranis one of the important distribution areas of this endangered species. It is important as an ornamental plant due to its large and attractive white flowers that are equal to those of commercial lilies in terms of beauty.The two main constraints on growing this plant are a low multiplication rate and the high cost of bulb production. Five to ten flowers commonly appear on each plant, even specimens with up to 15 flowers have been observed. Plant tissue culture techniques are widely used in plant propagation and using these methods can effectively provide micro-propagation of this plant in large scale. High percentage ofregeneration is necessary for plant protection, using in the breeding programs and gene transfer to this plant. Therefore, the effect of plant growth regulators and abiotic stress (ultrasound) werestudied on the bulblet production and root induction of Lilium ledebourii.
Materials and Methods: The experiment was factorial based on completely randomized design with four replicattions and was carried out in tissue culture lab of University of MohagheghArdabili in 2015. For this purpose, segmentsof scale explant was treated with ultrasound and cultured on MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of NAA and BA alone and/or in combination with each other. In this experiment, different concentrations of NAA (0, 0.01, 0.1 and 1 mgl-1) and BA (0, 0.01, 0.1 and 1 mgl-1) and different Ultrasound exposure duration (0, 5, 10, 20 and 30 second) were studied. In order to remove possible contamination from the media, all media were autoclaved for 20 minutes at 121 °C. At the end of the experiment, the number of bulblet, root length, fresh weight of bulblet were recorded. The cultures were kept at 25±2°C under illumination with daylight fluorescent lamps (30 mol m-2s-1) at 16 h photoperiod. Data was subjected for analysis of variance and compare means using SPSS 16.
Results and Discussion: The results showed that ultrasound had negative effect onroot length, so that the highest root length was observed in explants without ultrasound treatment. Result also indicated that ultrasound had positive effect on bulblet production and root induction. A different effect of growth regulators was observed in similar media on the bulblet formation percentage. The 0.1 NAA concentration had a higher efficiency while increasing NAA insignificantly decreased bulblet induction. The highest total weight and number of bulblets obtained by 0.1 mgl-1 NAA. Concentrations of NAA increased rooting percentage. Different concentrations of NAA had also significant effects on some traits. So that, the highest weight of bulblets obtained by 0.01 and 0.1 mgl-1 BA and the highest number of roots obtained in control. Bulblet maximum mean weightwas in30 seconds ofultrasoundtreatment, which hada significantdifference with the control treatment (without ultrasoundtreatment). In the other hand, ultrasound increased the number and weight of bulblets.Mechanical stress and microstreaming by acoustic cavitation might be considered as the most possible cause of the various physiological effects of ultrasound on cells. The enhancement of V-ATPase transport and ATP hydrolysis activities seem to be an ultrasound-induced metabolic response of cells. High-intensity ultrasound is well known to be destructive to biological materials, disrupting the cell membranes and deactivating biological molecules such as enzymes and DNA. Low-intensity ultrasound, on the other hand, has shown a range of sub lethal biological effects that are of potential significance in biotechnology. There are several processes that take place in the presence of cells or enzymes activated by ultrasonic waves. High-energy ultrasonic waves break the cells and denature the enzymes. Low-energy ultrasound can modify cellular metabolisms or facilitate the uptake of nutrient, and make them easily through the cellular walls and membranes. In the case of enzymes, the increase in the mass transfer rate of the reagents to the active site seems to be a most important factor.
Conclusions: The results showedthatthebulblet production at first stages and a little root formation in tissue culture is useful for fast bulblet inductionandthenrooting. Finally, it seems that ultrasound in combination with plant growth regulators have the potential to produce the highest average number of bulblets in the scale explant.
ahmad sharifi; Mahdiyeh Kharrazi; Fatemeh Keykha Akhar; Abdolreza Bagheri; Elahe Samari; Maryam Moradiyan
Abstract
Introduction: Gerbera is one of the most important ornamental plants in the world. The importance of Gerbera is due to its beauty, diversity and economically aspects. Traditional propagation methods such as crown division and cutting methods are not suitable for obtaining disease free plants and rapid ...
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Introduction: Gerbera is one of the most important ornamental plants in the world. The importance of Gerbera is due to its beauty, diversity and economically aspects. Traditional propagation methods such as crown division and cutting methods are not suitable for obtaining disease free plants and rapid multiplication. These methods also do not have the capacity to fulfill global demands. Therefore, obtaining efficient protocol for micropropagation of this ornamental plant is necessary.
Materials and Methods: In this study the effect of various factors on in vitro regeneration, proliferation, rooting and acclimation of gerbera capitulum explants were analyzed in four separate experiments. Capitulum explants were first washed with running tap water for 30 min then surface sterilized by dipping in 1.5% sodium hypochlorite solution for 15 min and rinsed with sterile distilled water, followed by immersing in 0.1 % mercuric chloride solution for 10 min. To remove mercuric chloride residue, capitulum was rinsed with sterile distilled water. Subsequent washing was done with sterile distilled water for three times. Sterilization steps were done under laminar air flow hood. For regeneration, eight genotypes of gerbera capitulum explants (Famous, Sunway, Red Pearl, Pink Snow, Popov, Balance, Dune, Eagle)were cultured on solid MS medium containing several cytokynins, BA, TDZ, 2IP or KIN (4 mg/l) in combination with IAA (0.2 mg/l). In proliferation stage, the effect of different concentrations of BA was evaluated on proliferation rate of Sunway regenerated explants. In the rooting stage, Sunway genotype plantlets were cultured on ½ MS medium containing NAA, IBA or IAA (1 mg/l) or ½ MS medium without any hormones. The pH of the medium was adjusted to 5.7-5.8 prior to autoclaving (15 min at 121 oC and 1.5 kg.cm-2 pressure). The cultures were incubated in a growth chamber at 25±2 oC with a 16-h photoperiod (2500-3000 Lux) provided by cool-white fluorescent lamps. For acclimation of rooted plantlets, different substrates used as follow: 1- perlite, 2- perlite: Cocopeat, 3- Cocopeat: peat moss, 4- Cocopeat: peat moss; treated with fungicide.
After 30 days, the response of explants was evaluated for each experiment. Data preparation was done in the Excel program and data analysis was done using JMP-8 software. Mean comparison of the treatments was done by Tukey test and finally the charts were drawn using the Excel program.
Results and Discussion:The results of regeneration stage showed that application of MS media containing kinetin or 2IP did not make an appropriate response to capitulum explants and no regeneration was observed in this condition. The medium containing 4 mg/l BA and 0.2 mg/l IAA indicated the highest percentage of regeneration in all genotypes.
The highest regeneration was observed in Sunway genotype with an average of 21.96%. On the other hand no regeneration was observed in Eagle genotype. In terms of the number of regenerated plantlet, the highest number (61.2) was attributed to the Sunway genotype while no plantlet was recorded for Eagle genotype. No significant differences were also observed between Pink Snow and Dune genotypes.
For the proliferation stage, only Sunway genotype was utilized due to its vigorous growth in comparison to other genotypes. In this stage, the highest (6 regenerated plantlets) and the lowest (1 regenerated plantlet) regeneration rate were observed in MS medium containing 2 mg/l BA and hormone-free medium, respectively. Hormone-free ½ MS medium and ½ MS medium containing 1 mg/l IAA or IBA, indicated the highest rooting rate (100% rooting) while medium containing 1 mg/l NAA showed 55% rooting rate. It seems that the application of NAA in the medium composition had the lowestimpact on the rooting of regenerated plantlets. At the end of the experiment, the highest (90.42%) and the lowest (47.5%) acclimation rate was obtained in peat moss + cocopeat + fungicide medium and perlite medium, respectively.
Conclusions: Generally, for shoot induction of gerbera through capitulum culture, application of MS medium containing 4 mg/l BA and 0.2 mg/l IAA is recommended. It is also concluded that for proliferation stage, the MS medium containing 2 mg/l BA showed the highest rate of regeneration. Using of Hormone-free ½ MS medium is economically affordable. Finally for acclimation of the plantlets, application of peat moss + cocopeat + fungicide medium is recommended.
Ahmad Noroozi; Abdolreza Bagheri; Nasrin Moshtaghi; Ahmad Sharifi
Abstract
Introduction: Anthurium is a popular genus of the Araceae (order Spathiflorae).The flower consists of a protruding spadix containing numerous florets, subtended by a brightly colored modified leaf, the spathe. Anthuriums are bisexual and protogynous.Anthuriumscherzerianum as the most important species ...
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Introduction: Anthurium is a popular genus of the Araceae (order Spathiflorae).The flower consists of a protruding spadix containing numerous florets, subtended by a brightly colored modified leaf, the spathe. Anthuriums are bisexual and protogynous.Anthuriumscherzerianum as the most important species ofAnthurium genus is a potted perennial plant. Due to having beautiful, attractive and long-life flowers, A. scherzerianum can be used for the production of pot and cut flowers. Tissue culture is suggested as the most commonly method in order to rapid propagation and removing disease in a short period of time. This method also recommended for Anthuriumbecause of problems in classical propagation method of this flower..The three basic propagation methods for Anthuriumare propagation by seed, traditional vegetative and tissue culture.Micropropagation of Anthurium is using forcommercial production.
Materials and Methods: In this study, the effect of plant growth regulators and explants on indirect regeneration of A. scherzerianumdetermined in separate experiments. In the first experiment, callogenesis was done by leaf explants on MS medium containing growth regulators, BA in three concentrations (0.5, 1.25 and 2 mg/l) in combination with
2, 4-D (0.5, 1.25 and 2 mg/l) or NAA (0.5, 1.25 and 2 mg/l) and the combinations of TDZ (0.5, 1.25 and 2 mg/l) with
2, 4-D (0, 0.5 mg/l). In the second experiment, regeneration was done on MS medium containing 0.75 mg/l BA with 0.05 mg/l 2, 4-D and 0.1 mg/l NAA and also in combination with TDZ (0.75mg/l). For rooting, MS medium containing different concentrations of IBA and IAA (0, 0.2 and 1 mg/l) were used. Callus induction, regeneration and rooting experiments were done based on completely randomized design, with 12, 6 and 6 replications, respectively.Data from all the schemes used in this study were analyzed with SAS statistical software. The comparison of means using Duncan's multiple range test was evaluated at the 5% level.
Results and Discussion: Analysis of variance showed that the effect of explant type and hormone combinations was significant on the percentage of callogenesis, callus volume and survival percentage. The interaction effect of explant type and combination of hormones was also significant on percentage of callogenesisand the volume of callus. Means comparisons showed that the highest callogenesis, viability and callus volume were achieved on MS medium containing 2 mg/l of BA and 0.5 mg/l of 2, 4-D. Petiole explants, also produced the highest percentage of callus (95%), survival rate (96%) and callus with dimensions of 6 mm2. Callus formation in leaf vein explants was higher than others. The effect of explant type and hormone combinations on regeneration, number of branches, number of leaves and leaf length was significant.The interaction of explant and hormone combinations on regeneration, number of branches, number of leaves and leaf length was also significant. Moreover, results of regeneration experiment indicated that the maximum number of shoots (6.9) and the maximum shoot length (5 cm), number of leaves (18) and the leaf length (2.8 mm) were achieved in 0.75 mg/l BA mg/l of and 0.05 mg/l 2, 4-D. In this study, petiole explants were also regenerated earlier than leaf explants.The effect of hormone combinations and concentrations was significant on rooting specially on the number of roots and root length.Furthermore, results of rooting experiment revealed that the highest rooting percentage (95%), the maximum number of roots (4.5 per plantlet) and the longest roots (3.5 cm) were produced in the medium containing 0.2 mg/l of IBA. Finally, the rooted plantlets were adapted (90%) in vivo condition by placing them on a mixture of cocopeat and perlite (2:1) substrate.
Conclusion: In this study callugensis, regeneration and rooting of A.scherzerianum’s petiole and leaf explants were studied and different levels of plant growth regulators used for callugensis and regeneration. In this study petiole explants showed the highest callugenesis and regeneration. MS medium containing BA (2 mg/l) and 2, 4-D (0.5 mg/l), was the best for callugenesis. Also the highest percentage of regeneration was observed in medium containing BA (0.75 mg/l) and 2, 4-D (0.05 mg/l). Moreover low concentration (0.2 mg/l) of auxin has a better effect on rooting than high levels (1mg/l) so that the highest rooting percentage was produced in medium containing IBA (0.2 mg/l) and the lowest rooting percentage was produced in medium containing IAA (1 mg/l). Anthurium plantlets acclimized is cocopeat and perlite substrate (2: 1) with 90% acclimation.
maryam aflaki jalali; abdollah hatamzadeh; hassan bahrami sirmandi
Abstract
Introduction: Tissue culture is an effective technique for mass propagation of walnut that has many advantages. Plants were obtainedby in vitro techniques in comparison with in vivotechniques areableto producet fruitearlier. However one of the major problems in walnut micropropagation is the difficulty ...
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Introduction: Tissue culture is an effective technique for mass propagation of walnut that has many advantages. Plants were obtainedby in vitro techniques in comparison with in vivotechniques areableto producet fruitearlier. However one of the major problems in walnut micropropagation is the difficulty of rooting. Auxin protection against auxin-oxidase system can make a major contribution to rooting. Among all the compounds that can play the synergistic role with auxin, they will probably have the ability of auxin protection against enzymes. In this experiment, the effect of lignosulfunate on rooting of micropropagated walnut was investigated for the first time.
Materials and Methods: In this experiment, Hartley cultivar of walnut was used. At first, explants were washed under running water for 1 hour then explants were placed in 70% alcohol for 1 minute and after that in 10% bleach for 10 minutes. After sterilization, under laminar air flow hood, explants were washed three times with distilled water and werecultured on Driverand Kuniyuki, 1984(DKW) medium supplemented with 2.2 g l-1phytagel, 2 mg l-1 BA, 0.01 mg l-1 IBA and 30 gl-1 sucrose (establishment stage). In multiplication stage, plantlets were subcultured every 25 days. All of the plantlets were placed in jars and were kept inside a growth chamber in photoperiod of 16 hours of light. All the multiplicated shoots were used as explants for the trails. Twodifferenttestswere usedto induceroot in explants. At the first trial, explants were transferred to induction medium containing IBA (3, 5, 7 and 10 mg l-1) and treatmentswere placedin thedark for 3, 5and7 days. Treatments related to theconcentrations of5and7 mg l-1IBAand7 daysof darknesshadthe highestpercentage ofrooting. In the next experiment, thecombination ofthree levels oflignosulfunate (1, 2 and 3 g l-1), and two concentration of 5and7mg l-1IBAwere used. Treatmentswere placedindarknessfor 7 days. After root induction,shootlets were transferred to root development medium. Rootdevelopmentmedium includesa quarteroftheDKWand vermiculite.
Results and Discussion:The aim of the first trial was to determine the concentration of IBA which produced the highest percentage of rooting. Among all the auxins, it was shown in other experiments that IBA has the best results in rooting of walnut. Due to this, we chose IBA as root induction hormone. With increasing of IBA concentrations and the induction period, rooting increased. Because the higher amount of exogenous auxin will induce the higher amount of endogenous auxin (IAAsp). However, rooting increased to a certain level and then began to decrease. With increasing concentrations above 10 mgl-1 IBA rooting reduced and formation of callus in the shoot end increased which is not good for rooting because callus would not let the cells form roots. It seems that accumulation of IAAsp induces self-productive cells in root area to grow and duplicate abnormally and maybe root formation stops because of this accumulation and also because of the inadequacy of the IAAsp to transfer to neighboring cells. Also with increasing concentration, defoliation and wilting happens. A lower concentration of IBA (about3 mgl-1) caused loss of rooting. The highest percentage of rooting for the first treatment with IBA was with 5 mgl-1 IBA and 7 days of darkness and 7 mgl-1 IBA and 7 days of darkness. The treatments were placed in darkness due to degradation of auxin under light condition. The induction time was related to auxin concentration. If the auxin concentration is less, the exposure time in the dark will be more. Root induction in the dark had better results than induction in light. The capacity of rooting in walnut is related to the amount of endogenous (IAAsp) and exogenous auxin. The amount of endogenous auxin is completely related to the cultivar and thatis why some cultivars respond really well to the amount of exogenous hormones in rooting stage. Exogenous auxin induces the production of endogenous auxin (IAAsp). These two concentrations were chosen for next treatment with lignosulfunate. Rootingratedecreaseswith increasinglignosulfunate. However, the highest root induction among all the treatments wasachieved on medium containing 1 g l-1lignosulfunate. The reason of transferring all explants after root induction to root development medium was changing the hormone and salts concentrations. At this stage, the ¼ DKW was used as a medium. This is due to the reduction of salts, root induction and rooting accelerate.
Conclusions: In this study, the effect of lignosulfunate (auxin synergist) on rooting stage of Hartley cultivar of walnut was investigated. For this goal, two trials were done. The first trial was to determine the best concentration of IBA for rooting. Two concentrations were chosen and another trial was the effect of the combination of lignosulfunate with IBA on rooting. For the first time in this study, we showed that lignosulfunatecan improve rooting of walnut.
A. Khazaei; N. Moshtaghi; Saeid Malekzadeh Shafaroudi; K. Ghous
Abstract
Introduction: Jujube (Ziziphus jujuba) is one of the most important fruit trees in Asia which has been planted from 3,000 years ago in China for medicinal purposes. Jujube belongs to the Rhamnaceae family. The Jujube fruit is used in fresh and dry forms. The fruit is full of vitamin C and has anticancer ...
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Introduction: Jujube (Ziziphus jujuba) is one of the most important fruit trees in Asia which has been planted from 3,000 years ago in China for medicinal purposes. Jujube belongs to the Rhamnaceae family. The Jujube fruit is used in fresh and dry forms. The fruit is full of vitamin C and has anticancer and medicinal effects. This tree can grow on salty and dry lands in Iran. Therefore, increasing the cultivation area of Jujube can be effective for soil conservation. In the last 20years, cultivation of Jujube is is considerable in Iran specially in the South Khorasan Province and 98 % of total production of Jujube in Iran belongs to this province. The low rate of seed germination and low production of shootlets are the most important problems in Jujube proliferation, so micropropagation of this plant through tissue culture was considered.
Materials and methods: In this study, Cangan ecotype of Jujube was used for multiple shoot regeneration. At the end of May, apical buds of shoots were cut from mature trees of the Research Collection of Jujube at Sarbishe, Birjand, South Khorasan Province in Iran. The buds were disinfected with 70% ethanol for 1 min and 2% sodium hypoclorite for 25 min. Then the buds were rinsed with distilled water for 25 min completely. Apical buds were placed on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with different concentrations of BA (0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 mg/L) in combination with IBA or NAA (0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4 mg/L). After one month, the shoots with 3-5 cm length were transferred to rooting media (1/2 MS + IBA or IAA : 0.5, 2, 5, 10 mg/L). The data were recorded after shooting and rooting and were analysed in the facorial experiment.
Results and Discussion: The results of variance analysis and mean comparisons showed that there are differences between different levels of IBA and BA alone for the number of shoots and their length (P
G. Chenarani; Mahmoud Shour; Ali Tehranifar; S.H. Nemati; Gholam Hossein Davarynejad
Abstract
CO2 enrichment in greenhouse is a suitable way which reduces production time, better growth vigor and also higher plant quality. The main aim of this study was to find out the effects of artificial CO2 enrichment under different light levels on rooting of the ornamental foliage Codiaeum variegatum. The ...
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CO2 enrichment in greenhouse is a suitable way which reduces production time, better growth vigor and also higher plant quality. The main aim of this study was to find out the effects of artificial CO2 enrichment under different light levels on rooting of the ornamental foliage Codiaeum variegatum. The experiment was planned as a split plot based on a completely randomized design. CO2 was considered as the main plots (380 as control, 750 and 1050 ppm) and these light intensities as the sub plots (10000 as control, 12000 and 14000 Lux) were used. Results showed a significant increase on measured traits with elevating levels of CO2 and light. Highest measured values of different traits were observed at 12000 Lux light intensity and 750 ppm CO2 enrichment. Light intensity × CO2 interaction had a significant effect on leaf length, leaf number, root quality, root volume, root length (P≤0.01) and rooting percentage at (P≤0.05). Spad chlorophyll unit was not noticeably significant. Rooting and plant growth generally raised along with both light intensity and CO2 elevation.
M. Shoor; M. Behzadi; M. Goldani
Abstract
Carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration of the global atmosphere has increased during the last decades. Increasing global atmospheric CO2 concentrations are expected to influence on plants. Coleus is an ornamental plants, that is due to its attractive foliage are considered. In order to evolution of high ...
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Carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration of the global atmosphere has increased during the last decades. Increasing global atmospheric CO2 concentrations are expected to influence on plants. Coleus is an ornamental plants, that is due to its attractive foliage are considered. In order to evolution of high CO2 concentration effects on rooting. morphological and anatomical traits in two coleus spices (C. scutellarioides and C. blumei) a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with 3 replications and 6 treatments were conducted at the greenhouses of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad at 2010. Treatments were two coleus spices and 3 concentration, of CO2 380(as a control), 700 and 1050 ppm. Leaf cuttings plants were placed under increasing CO2 concentration during of 30 days. The number of leaves, stem diameter wet weigh, dry weight, length of stoma, width of stoma, size of stoma and stomatal density were measured. Results indicated that increasing CO2 concentration from 380 to 1050 ppm leading to increase of 25.3, 32.4, 20.5 and 75 percentage in number of leaves, stem diameter, wet weigh and dry weight respectively. Also these results showed that with increase of CO2 concentration decreased length of stoma, width of stoma and size of stoma, but increased of stomatal density. The highest mean density of stomatal to 30.7 per mm2, which was related to the interaction of carbon dioxide concentration of 1050 ppm and C. is scutellarioides than other treatments showed significant differences.
