Azam Ranjbar; Noorollah Ahmadi
Abstract
Introduction: Miniature rose (Rosa hybrida) are well known as one of the world’s most popular ornamental plants cultivated worldwide as potted and/or bed plants. Nowadays, more than 100 million pots of miniature roses are propagated by stem cutting in the commercial greenhouses of European countries ...
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Introduction: Miniature rose (Rosa hybrida) are well known as one of the world’s most popular ornamental plants cultivated worldwide as potted and/or bed plants. Nowadays, more than 100 million pots of miniature roses are propagated by stem cutting in the commercial greenhouses of European countries such as Denmark and Germany. Some treatments such as application of plant growth regulators and suitable rooting medium could be required for accelerating root formation in rose cuttings. Using plant growth regulators like natural or synthetic auxin is a pre-requirement for the initiation of adventitious root in some stem cuttings and it has been reported that the division of the first initiator cells of root depends on internal or synthetic auxin. Methods of application of these chemicals and suitable concentration could be related to several factors, importantly the plant varieties, type of cuttings and the time of cutting preparation. Various kinds of media such as soil, peat moss, perlite and vermiculite are used as bed substrate according to required ratio. Rooting media must provide appropriate moisture and air ventilation for cuttings establishment, which highly affect the cuttings root formation. Appropriate procedure for using wastes materials as culture bed, especially those materials that produced locally, is main aim of some studies to find an alternative medium in ornamental pot plant production. In this regards, evaluation of agricultural wastes to be used to culture bed and introducing suitable materials could be considered. Accordingly, the objective of the present study was to determine the effects of two types of plant growth regulators and bed combinations on rooting percentage of semi-hardwood cuttings in miniature rose.
Materials and Methods: In order to evaluate the effects of different concentrations of indolebutyric acid (IBA) and naphtaleneacetic acid (NAA), and two media with different composition on root formation of miniature rose stem cutting, this research was carried out as a factorial on the basis of randomized complete design (RCD) with three replications. Plant growth regulators including IBA at concentrations of 0, 1000, 2000 and 3000 mgl-1, concentrations of NAA at 0, 500, 1000, 1500 and 2000 mgl-1 were applied together with two types of rooting media. Media including mixing volume of perlite, tea waste compost and sand in a ratio of 1: 2: 2, and perlite, peat and sand in a ratio of 1:2:2 were mixed and applied in this experiment. Using SAS software, data was analyzed based on a generalized linear model (GLM) analysis and tested by least significant difference (LSD) at (P-value< 0.05).
Results and Discussion: Results showed that the highest rooting percentage of cuttings was obtained with 2000 mgl-1 of IBA, while no significant effect of NAA treatment and different rooting media on percentage of rooting was revealed. The two-fold and three-fold interaction of treatments on other measured traits such as primary and secondary root number and root diameter were significant. The two-fold interaction of NAA treatments and rooting media on the trait of primary root number were no significant. The highest root number and root diameter measured in medium containing perlite, tea waste compost and sand in a ratio of 1:2:2 for cutting received combined plant growth regulators.
Conclusions: Compost, the final product of organic residues degradation, improves soil physical characteristics such as soil aggregate formation and stability, water penetration, porosity, compressing resistance and nutrients availability. As well, it improves soil biological characteristics and in result, integration of compost with soil can increase growth, yield and quality of crop. There are also some evidences that in contrast of peat, compost contains plant growth regulators improved plant growth and development. Totally, considering our obtained results, in order to accelerate rooting formation in miniature rose cuttings, treatment of cuttings with synthetic plant growth regulators in medium containing perlite: tea wastes compost: sand (2:2:1) under alternate mist system is recommended. Organic materials activate root area as well as improving fertility of soil. They also play a role in supplying and releasing absorbable nutrients, root establishment, enhancing field capacity, reducing evaporation from soil surface and reducing expenses. Therefore, we emphasize on appropriate using of these components in order to obtain better productivity.
Ali Mohammadi Torkashvand; Marziyeh Alidoust; Ali Mahboub Khomami
Abstract
Peanut shelles as a waste of cultivated peanuts are produced in a considerable amount in Guilan province, Iran, that its compost can be used as an available resource in replacement of peat as growth medium of ornamental plants.This experiment was carried out to determine the possibility using of peanut ...
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Peanut shelles as a waste of cultivated peanuts are produced in a considerable amount in Guilan province, Iran, that its compost can be used as an available resource in replacement of peat as growth medium of ornamental plants.This experiment was carried out to determine the possibility using of peanut shells compost as an appropriate medium of Dracaena. The control treatment was a medium of peat: perlit at 2:1 ratio that in a compeletly randomized design, the peat was replaced by composted peanut shelles by 15, 30, 45, 60, and 100% V/V. The experiment had three replications. This study was carried out in Ornamental Plant Research Station of Lahijan, Guilan province, Iran. Chemical properties of media including EC, pH, total nitrogen, carbon, C/N ratio; and available concentrations of phosphorus, potassium, calcium, sodium and magnesium were measured. The growth factors including plant height, leaf number, dry weight of stem and leaf were evaluated.The concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron and manganese in leaf were also measured. Results showed the peanut shell comopst because of decreasing C/N ratio and availability of nutrients in media, caused to increase plant height, leaf number and dry weight of shoot compared to control. The greatest rate of growth was achived in 15% and 45% compost treatments and its lowest obtained in 100% V/V treatment and control. In couclusion Peanut shell comopste can be used as alternative substitution of expensive peat in the growth media of ornamental plants.
Mohammad Ali Khalaj; Mina Amiri; Mohammad Hossein Azimi
Abstract
This experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of different substrate on growth and yield of Gerbera flower. The experiment was performed using 10 treatments as fallow: fine sand, peat +fine sand (%25+%75), peat + fine sand ( %50 +%50), perlite + peat (%75 + %25), perlite + peat (%50 + %50), ...
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This experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of different substrate on growth and yield of Gerbera flower. The experiment was performed using 10 treatments as fallow: fine sand, peat +fine sand (%25+%75), peat + fine sand ( %50 +%50), perlite + peat (%75 + %25), perlite + peat (%50 + %50), perlite + peat (%25 + %75), perlite + peat + expanded clay (%25 + %70 + %5), perlite + peat + expanded clay (%50 + %25 + %25), perlite + peat + expanded clay (25%+ %50 + %25), peat + expanded clay (%50 + %50), as a completely randomized design with 3 replications. All treatments irrigated with same nutrient solution. Results showed that planting beds statistically significant differences in morphological characteristics, macro and micro nutrients in plant. Results showed that the media containing perlite + peat + expanded clay (%25 + %70 + %5) is the best of all. In this treatment, flower number, flower disk diameter, shoot diameter, shoot neck diameter, flower height and vase life were 207 (m2/year), 12.4 cm, 0.8 cm, 0.58 cm, 54.5 cm and 11.6 days, respectively.In this treatment, concentration of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium were 4.17, 0.8 and 4.34 percent, respectively and micronutrients concentration as Iron, Manganese, Zinc, Copper, and Boron on the plant leaves were 155.73, 194.83, 148.56, 44.92 and 51.5 mg kg-1 dry weight, respectively.
Shirin Rezaei; Amir Lakzian; Mohammad Farsi; Mahboobeh Abolhassani-Zeraatkar; Gholamhossein Haghjnia
Abstract
One of the most important steps of Agaricus bisporus production is casing. In this step a layer of soil is added on top of compost. Peat is the most suitable casing soil for A. bisporus production. The lack of peat in Iran is one of the major problems in A. bisporus production for mushroom producers. ...
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One of the most important steps of Agaricus bisporus production is casing. In this step a layer of soil is added on top of compost. Peat is the most suitable casing soil for A. bisporus production. The lack of peat in Iran is one of the major problems in A. bisporus production for mushroom producers. It seems that peat can be replaced by Spent Mushroom Compost (SMC). In order to study the possibility of peat replacement, a factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design layout with two replications. The experimental factors consisted of Spent Mushroom Compost with two levels (one and two years old), leaching with three levels (one (L1), two (L2) and three (L3) times) and EDTA with two levels (without EDTA (E1) and with EDTA, 0.3 M (E2)) and different casing soil with four levels (SMC+loam, SMC+Azolla, SMC+Peat (1:1) and Peat). The experiment was carried out in the Mushroom Production Center of Agricultural College, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. The results showed that the highest mushroom yield was obtained in peat treatment (24%). The average of yield in SMC+Peat treatment was 11.78%. The Diameter of mushroom cap in SMC+Peat treatment was 44.1 mm. The lowest yield (8.1%) and diameter of A. bisporus cap (37 mm) was observed in SMC+Azolla treatment. The results also showed that the EDTA had a negative effect on yield (44.3 %) and diameter of the mushroom cap.
