بهبود کیفیت و تسریع رسیدن میوه خرما رقم کبکاب با استفاده از پوشش‌های رنگی و موقعیت خوشه

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه شیراز

2 شیراز

چکیده

میوه خرما باارزش غذایی بسیار بالا در سبد غذایی مردم جایگاه ویژه­ایی دارد. رقم کبکاب، خرمای غالب استان بوشهر بوده و دارای طعم و مزه بسیار خوبی هست. این پژوهش در دو سال متوالی در ایستگاه تحقیقات خرما و میوه­های گرمسیری استان بوشهر باهدف تسریع رسیدن میوه و بهبود کیفیت آن با ایجاد یک میکرو کلیما در اطراف خوشه، بدون استفاده از مواد شیمیایی انجام شد. آزمایش در قالب طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی با تیمارهای شامل پوشش­های کنفی مشبک در شش رنگ سبز، سفید، زرد، آبی، طوسی و شاهد با چهار تکرار بر روی خوشه‌های جنوب و شمال درخت اعمال شد. نتایج آزمایش نشان داد پوشش­ها اثر معنی­داری روی فاکتورهای ظاهری و شیمیایی ندارند. ولی تیمارها به‌طور معنی­داری سرعت رسیدن میوه را افزایش دادند و بیش‌ترین سرعت رسیدن میوه مربوط به رنگ طوسی که سبب شد میوه هفت روز زودتر برداشت شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Quality Improvement and Fruit Ripening Acceleration in Date Palm cv. Kabkab Using Colored Covers and Bunch Positioning

نویسندگان [English]

  • allah karam rostaami 1
  • majid rahemi 2
  • Mahmood Eizadi 1
1 Shiraz University
چکیده [English]

Introduction: As one of the oldest fruit trees, palm, from almost 5,000 years ago till now, has been growing in North Africa and the Middle East. Phenological ripening process of fruit trees are determined through factors such as genetic, environmental and controlled practices. Among these factors, radiation as a natural factor affects other processes such as photosynthesis, flowering, performance and color of a fruit. Considering the importance of producing organic fruits, it is highly effective to use different coatings to improve the gardening products .Results of this study showed the effect of light on strawberry fruit coating which has the capacity to pass higher levels of UV light. As a result of applying coating the average fruit weight, fruit number, phenols, pigments, anthocyanins and flavonoids were significantly increased, but no significant difference was observed for the total yield. Use of coverage on apple trees reduced physical damage and improved the color of the fruit. The blue covering improved the physical and chemical factors in banana. Date palm bunch covers offer several advantages to protect fruits from high humidity and rain, from bird attacks and also from damage caused by insects and diseases. A sturdy light-brown craft-paper is used in the USA to cover and provide good protection of the bunch during the ripening season. Bunch covering is, however, not only practiced against rain damage but traditionally is also used in the form of coarsely woven well-ventilated baskets (sund) to protect the maturing fruits from birds and prevent early ripening fruit from falling to the ground. Bagging treatment has been widely used as a physical protection technique in other fruit-tree species for not only protecting fruits from diseases and pests, but also changing the microenvironment of fruit development growth, which subsequently affects internal and external qualities, such as skin color, acidity, sweetness and aroma. A large number of experimental data obtained in peach, pear, apple etc, showed that bagging treatment might lead fruits to increase or decrease of ascorbic acid (Vc), TSS, anthocyanin, organic acids contents etc.
 This study also aimed to show how the quality, quantity and speed of the ripening process of fruit date palm Kabkab can be improved using covering method.
Material and Methods: This research was carried out at the Tropical Fruits and Dates Research Station in Bushehr Province. Considering the above purpose, a complete randomized block design was employed. Accordingly, 6 treatments including bags with dimensions of 120 × 70 cm in 5 colors (green, yellow, white, gray, and blue) and with a four-time repeating pattern were applied to 20 years old Kabkab palm trees. All trees were pollinated by a controlled pollinator. Factors measured included the ripening speed of fruit per unit of time, the weight of the entire cluster, cluster weight, fruit weight, TSS, TA and pH.
Data collection and Analysis: factorial complete randomized block design was carried out and data were analyzed statistically by analysis of variance and least significant differences (LSD 5%).
Results and Discussion: Based on the results obtained, the direction and color of the bag on the characteristics of fruit appearance has no significant effect. Awad (2007) achieved similar results with colored bags including black, white, blue and white coating on the date palm Helali obtained. Alcobendas (2012) found that the geographical location of peach fruit on the tree has no effect on the weight of meat, fruit weight, fruit diameter, fruit dry weight and pulp to stone ratio. The results showed that bunch weight and fruit weight significantly increased in the north. Tyas et al (1998) reported lychee trees in directions of northeastern and northwestern produces the highest and directions of southwest and the southeast had the least amount of fruit. Gray coverage significantly increased the rate of ripening of the fruit in the unit time in both years. Awad (2007) said it might be possible that bunch bagging, especially with black and blue polyethylene bags, accumulated higher heat units than other bags and the controls. Consequently, accumulated heat might induce higher respiration rates and the CO2 accumulation within bags might lead to more acetaldehyde production and removal of astringency.
Conclusions: According to data obtained from physiological factors it can be concluded that palm bunch covering accelerates the ripening of fruits. Also, the data obtained from the directions of bunch shows those bunches located on the north side of the palm tree weigh more.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Key words: Covering color
  • Date palm
  • Fruit ripening
  • Quality
1- Awad M.A. 2007. Increasing the rate of ripening date palm fruit (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cv.، Helali, preharvest and postharvest treatments. Journal of Postharvest, Biology and Technology, 43(1): 121-127.
2- Alcobendas R., Maris-Avalos J.M., Alarcon J.J., and Nicolas E. 2012. Effects of irrigation and fruit position on size, colour, firmness and sugar contents of fruits in a mid-late maturing peach cultivar. Scientia Horticulturae, Vol. 164: 340-347.
3- Basile B., Giaccone M., Cirillo C., Ritieni A., Graziani G., Shahak Y., and Forlani M. 2012. Photo-selective hail nets affect fruit size and quality in Hayward kiwifruit. Scientia Horticulturae, Vol. 141: 91–97
4- Bentley W.J., and Viveros M. 1992. Brown-bagging Granny Smith apples on trees stops codling moth damage.California Agriculture, 46: 30–32.
5- Byers R.E., and Carbaugh D.H. 1995. Chemical, cultural, and physiological factors influencing ‘Stayman’ fruit cracking. Bull. Virginia Agriculture. Exp. Stn., 95:1–33.
6- Chaio C.C., and Krueger R.R. 2007. The date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.): overview of biology, uses, and cultivation. HortScienc, 42(5): 1077-1088.
7- FAO (2010). Statistical Database; http://faostat.fao.org.
8- Ghalib H.H., Essam A., Mowlod A., and Hamza H.H. 1988. The influence of bagging on fruit set and fruit characteristics in date palm cv. Hilawi. Date palm Journal, 6(1): 238-254.
9- Ilic Z., Milenkovic L., Stanojevic L., Cvetkovic D., and Fallik E. 2012. Effects of the modification of light intensity by color shade nets on yieldand quality of tomato fruits. Scientia Horticulturae, 139: 90–95
10- Jia H.J., Araki A., and Okamoto G. 2005. Influence of fruit bagging on aroma volatiles and skin colouration of ‘Hakuho’ peach (Prunus persica Batsch). Postharvest Biology and Technology, 35: 61-68.
11- Kassem H.A., Omar A.K.H., and Ahmed M.A. 2011. Response of Zaghloul date palm productivity, ripening and quality to different polyethylene bagging treatments. American-Eurasian Journal. Agriculture Environ Science, 11 (5): 616-621
12- Kim Y.H., Kim S.K.., Lim S.C., Lee C.H., Youn C.K., Kim H.H., and Choi K.S. 2000. Effects of bagging material on coloration, maturity, and quality of peach fruits. Journal. Korean Soc. Horticulturae Science, 41: 395–400
13- Li E.M., Shi D.C., Xu Y.H., Chen F., and Zhai H. 2008. Changing characteristics of temperature and humidity in different type bags for bagging apple and their effects on fruit appearance quality. Chin. Journal. Appl. Ecol., 19: 208–212. (In Chinesewith an English abstract)
14- Muchui M.N., Mathooko F.M., Njoroge C.K., Kahangi E.M., Onyango C.A., and Kimani E.M. 2010. Effect of perforated blue polyethylene bunch covers on selected postharvest quality parameters of tissue cultured bananas (Musa spp.) cv. Williams in Central Kenya, Journal Stored Products and Postharvest Research, 1 (3): 29– 41.
15- Munier P. 1973. Le palmier- Dattir. G – P. Maisonneuve and larose, Paris.pp 1-221.
16- Nixon R.W., and Carpenter J.B. 1987. Growing dates in the United States.U.S.Dept. Washington D.C.Agric Bull.207.g com.6th edition.
17- Parvaneh V. 1992. Chemical testing of food quality control. Tehran University Press. pp332.
18- Pezhman H., and Eizadi M. 2006 The Effect of the type of covering bunch on fading disorder fruit (Phoenix dactylifera c.v. Kabkab). Journal Scientific Agriculture, 29(20).
19- Panahi KH. 2002. Date palm. Isfahan University of Technology press. P 1.
20- Rahemi M., and Tavallali V. 2011. Concise Encyclopedia Temperate Tree Fruit, Avand Andishe Press. pp 183-185.
21- Rahemi M. 2001. Tree Fruit Physiology Growth Development. Mashahd University Press. pp212.
22- Reuveni O. 1986. Date. In: Handbook of fruit set and development. (ed). Monselise, P.S. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.pp.112-230.
23- Stoler S. 1972. Date pollination and fertilization. II- Fertilization. Hort. Abst., 42(2): 4905.
24- Tsormpatsidisa E., Ordidgea M., Henbestb R.G.C., Wagstaffea A., Batteya N.H., and Hadleya P. 2011. Harvesting fruit of equivalent chronological age and fruit position shows individual effects of UV radiation on aspects of the strawberry ripening process. Environmental and Experimental Boanyt., 74: 178– 185.
25- Tyas J.A., Hofman P.J., Underhill S.J.R., and Bell K.L. 1998. Fruit canopy position and panicle bagging affects yield and quality of ‘Tai So’ lychee. Scientia. Horticuturae, 72: 203–213
26- Wang L., Xu K., Bei F., and Gao F.S. 2007. Effects of bagging on the microenvironment, yield and quality of over-wintering tomato. Chin. Journal. Appl. Ecol., 18(4): 837–842 (In Chinese with an English abstract)
27- Xie R.J., Zheng L., Jing L. He. S.L., Xi W.P., Lv Q., Yi S.L., Zengh Y.Q., and Deng L. 2013. The Effect of Cultivar and Bagging on Physicochemical Properties and Antioxidant Activity of Three Sweet Orange Cultivars (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck). American-Eurasian Journal. Agriculture and Environ. Sci. 13(2): 139-147.
28- Yang W.H., Zhu X.C., Bu J.H., Hu G.B., Wang H.C., and Huang X.M. 2009. Effects of bagging on fruit development and quality in cross-winter off-season longan. Scientia Horticulturae, 120: 194–200.
CAPTCHA Image