تأثیرکودهای آلی و سوپرجاذب آب بر خصوصیات فیزیولوژیکی و بیوشمیائی سیب‌زمینی رقم ‘مارفونا’ در کرمانشاه

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد کرج

2 استادیار مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی کرمانشاه

3 محقق مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی کرمانشاه

چکیده

به منظور بررسی تأثیر کودهای آلی و سوپرجاذب بر خصوصیات فیزیولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی سیب زمینی رقم ‘مارفونا’ آزمایشی در سال 1389 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه رازی کرمانشاه به صورت کرتهای خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی با 3 تکرار اجرا شد. منطقه دارای شرایط آب و هوایی سرد معتدل و خاک مزرعه سیلتی رسی بود. فاکتور اصلی شامل دو سطح سوپر جاذب A200 (70 کیلوگرم در هکتار) و بدون سوپر جاذب و فاکتور فرعی کودهای آلی شامل 9 سطح بدون مصرف کود، مصرف کود شیمیایی (طبق آزمایش خاک)، کود مرغی گرانوله (1000 کیلوگرم در هکتار)، کود مرغی معمولی (12 تن هکتار)، کود خاک پرور (1000 کیلوگرم در هکتار)، کود گاوی (20 تن در هکتار)، ورمی کمپوست (20 تن در هکتار)، کمپوست (20 تن در هکتار) و کمپوست چای (تی کمپوست با خیس خوردن غده ها و 4 مرتبه محلول پاشی) بود. در این آزمایش تاثیر کودهای آلی و سوپرجاذب بر شاخص کلروفیل برگ و اثر متقابل آنها بر هدایت روزنهای به ترتیب در سطوح احتمال 1، 5 و 5 درصد معنیدار شد. در میان صفات کیفی و بیوشیمیایی تاثیر کودهای آلی بر میزان فسفر و اثر متقابل کودهای آلی و سوپرجاذب بر نیتروژن در سطح احتمال 5 درصد معنیدار گردید. مصرف سوپر جاذب باعث افزایش معنی دار در درصد فسفر موجود در غده سیب زمینی شد. درصد روغن خام، فیبر، نشاسته، قند، نیتروژن، فسفر و پتاسیم غده به صورت معنی‌داری تحت تأثیر سطوح مختلف کودهای آلی قرار نگرفت. بیش‌ترین درصد روغن و فیبر به ترتیب در تیمارهای کمپوست و کود گاوی به دست آمدند. بیش‌ترین درصد قند و نیتروژن غده در اثر کود گاوی حاصل شد. کود خاکپرور و کود مرغی معمولی نیز به ترتیب بیش‌ترین درصد پتاسیم و فسفر را به خود اختصاص دادند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of Organic Manure and Super Absorbent on Physiological and Biochemical Characteristics of Potato (Solanum tubersum, cv Marfona)

نویسندگان [English]

  • N. Rashidi 1
  • isa arji 2
  • Mohammad Gerdakaneh 3
  • Abdol Karim Kashi 1
1 Karaj Islamic Azad University
2 Assistant Professor of Agricultural and Natural Resources
3 Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Kermanshah
چکیده [English]

In order to investigate effect of organic manure and super absorbent on physiological and biochemical traits of potato (Solanum tubersum, cv Marfona), a split plot experiment was conducted as randomized complete block design with three replications at Research Farm, Agriculture College, University of Razi in 2010. Main factor included two levels of super absorbent A200 (0 and 70 Kg/ha,) and split plot included nine levels (0, chemical fertilizer (according to soil test), granule chicken manure (1000 kg/ ha), common chicken manure (12 ton/ha), soil mix (1000 kg/ha), cow manure (20 ton/ha), vermicompost (20 ton/ha), compost (20 ton/ha) and tea compost (soaking tubers and spraying at four times). Investigating physiological traits such as leaf chlorophyll index, chlorophyll florescence and stomata conductance showed that only leaf chlorophyll index was affected by superabsorbent (P < 0.01) and organic manure (P < 0.05), while stomata conductance wad significant under it’s interaction effect at (P < 0.05). Quality and biochemical traits show that phosphorous amount of tuber was significant in superabsorbent treatment in compare to control. Crude oil percentage, protein, fiber, starch, sugar, nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium content were not affected by organic manure. The highest amount of oil and fiber were obtained under compost and cow manure respectively. Sugar and nitrogen content were high under cow manure treatment. The highest amount of potassium and phosphorous content were belonging to chicken and Khakparvar manure respectively.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Potato
  • superabsorbent
  • Animal manure
  • Vermicompost
  • yield
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