بررسی شاخص‌های فیتوشیمیایی درختان چنار واقع در چهار منطقه (1، 3، 6 و 11) از خیابان ولیعصر تهران تحت شرایط اقلیمی و آلاینده های محیطی متفاوت

مقالات آماده انتشار

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• غلامحسین همایونی ¹
• محمدرضا راجی ²
• عبداله احتشام نیا ³
• مصطفی عالی فر ³

¹ رشته علوم باغبانی دانشگاه لرستان

² گروه علوم باغبانی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه لرستان، خرم آباد

³ گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی، دانشگاه لرستان، ایران

10.22067/jhs.2024.89321.1369

چکیده

آلودگی هوا و تغییرات اقلیمی بر رشد، کیفیت و خصوصیات فیتوشیمیایی درختان در فضای سبز شهری تأثیر بسزایی دارد. این پژوهش با هدف بررسی تأثیر تغییرات اقلیم و آلاینده‌های محیطی بر روی خصوصیات شیمیایی درختان چنار در 4 منطقه از شهر تهران (مناطق 1، 3، 6 و 11) اجرا شد، داده برداری در سه زمان 1، 15 و 30 آبان ماه در سال 1402 انجام و نتایج تی تست نشان داد تفاوت معنی داری بین این سه زمان برای صفات مورد ارزیابی وجود ندارد. نتایج نشان داد در مناطق آلوده 6 و 11 بیشترین میزان نشت یونی و در منطقه 11 بالاترین محتوای مالون دی‌آلدئید حاصل گردید. آلودگی هوا در مناطق 3 و 6 منجر به افزایش بالاترین محتوای نسبی آب برگ شد. بیشترین محتوای فلاونوئید در زمان-های مختلف نمونه‌برداری در منطقه 11 که دارای بالاترین میزان آلودگی هوا بودند، مشاهده گردید. افزایش آلاینده‌های محیطی در مناطق 3 و 11 در مقایسه با منطقه 1 (منطقه پاک) با افزایش معنی‌دار میزان آنتوسیانین و بالاترین فعالیت آنتی‌اکسیدانتی را در منطقه 11 همراه بود. همچنین بیشترین میزان فنل در مناطق 6 و 11 به ترتیب با میزان 64/54 و 70/45 میلی گرم بر گرم حاصل شد. علاوه بر آن، در مناطق با آلودگی بیشتر (11، 6 و 3) و ارتفاع از سطح دریا و شیب کمتر در مقایسه با منطقه پاک 1 فعالیت آنزیم‌های کاتالاز، پراکسیداز، آسکوربات پراکسیداز و سوپراکسید دیسموتاز در برگ درخت چنار افزایش معنی‌داری را نشان داد. به طور کلی آلودگی هوا و کاهش ارتفاع از سطح دریا و شیب منجر به افزایش نشت یونی، مالون دی‌آلدئید، محتوای نسبی آب برگ، فلاونوئید، آنتوسیانین، آنتی‌اکسیدانت، فنل و فعالیت آنزیم‌های آنتی‌اکسیدانی گردید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• آنتی‌اکسیدانت
• سوپراکسید دیسموتاز
• فلاونوئید
• آلاینده ها
• ارتفاع از سطح دریا

موضوعات

• گیاهان زینتی و فضای سبز

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating the Phytochemical Indices of Plantain Trees Located in Four Areas (1, 3, 6 and 11) of Valiasr Street in Tehran under different climatic conditions and environmental pollutants

نویسندگان [English]

• Gholam Hosein Homayouni ¹
• m r ²
• Abdolah Ehteshamnia ³
• Mostafa Aalifar ³

¹ Department of Horticultural Sciences, Lorestan University, Khoram Abad

² Department of Horticultural Sciences, Lorestan University, Khoram Abad

³ Department of horticulture sciences , Lorestan University. Khoram Abad

چکیده [English]

Introduction

Climate change and environmental pollutants are effective in the growth of different plant species. Plants in general and trees in particular react to climatic and environmental changes. Air pollution and climate changes have a significant effect on the growth, quality and phytochemical characteristics of trees in urban green spaces, because chronic injuries are caused by continuous absorption of pollutants. The metropolis of Tehran is known as one of the most immigrant-friendly cities in the country. The main environmental problems of Tehran city are the lack of natural air ventilation, the persistence of pollutants, dryness of the air, the existence of dust, the existence of noise and the destruction of natural ecosystems. Air quality is related to the chemical state of the atmosphere at any time and place. Like weather, air quality affects everyone.



Materials and Methods

The current research was carried out in the city of Tehran in the form of a completely random design and in three repetitions. This research was carried out with the aim of investigating the effect of ten-year climate changes and environmental pollutants on the chemical properties of plantain trees in 4 regions of Valiasr street of Tehran (regions 1, 3, 6 and 11). In this study, four areas of the city include Valiasr Street in area 1 from Tajrish Square to Parkway (average height above sea level 1611 meters and average slope 20.17), area 3 from Parkway to Hemat Bridge (average height 1501 meters and average slope 5.89), zone 6 from Hammet bridge to Valiasr intersection (height 1308 meters and average slope 5.17) and zone 11 from Valiasr intersection to railway square (average height 1152 meters above sea level and average slope 2.19) were selected for the study. Region 1 was selected as a clean or low pollution region, region 3 as a polluted region one, region 6 as a polluted region two and region 11 as a polluted region three. The obtained data were analyzed by ANOVA using SAS 9.4 software, comparison of averages was done with Duncan's test and graphs and statistical tables were drawn by Excel software. The difference of traits in three times was evaluated using t-test.



Results and Discussion

Data homogeneity test was not significant by Bartlett's test, which shows that the variances are homogeneous in four locations. Due to the homogeneity of the data and the non-significance of Bartlett's test, the data of this experiment were subjected to combined analysis.

The results showed that the highest amount of ion leakage was obtained in regions 6 and 11. The highest relative humidity content was shown in regions 3 and 6. With the increase of environmental pollutants in regions 3 and 11 in compared to region1 ,the amount of anthocyanins and antioxidants increased. In addition, the activity of catalase, peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase and superoxide dismutase enzymes in plantain tree leaves showed a significant increase in areas with more pollution (11, 6 and 3) due to lower sea level height and slope gradient in compared to region 1. Many researchers have also stated in numerous reports the existence of a relationship between the place of growth and its effect on the quality and quantity of phytochemical compounds of plants. In general, air pollution and decreasing sea level height and slope led to increased ion leakage, malondialdehyde, relative leaf water content, flavonoids, anthocyanins, antioxidants, phenols, and antioxidant enzyme activity.



Conclusion

In the present study, a significant difference was observed in terms of phytochemical content, quantity and quality in plane trees located on Valiasr Street in Tehran. Environmental factors of the growing area play a role in the quantity and quality of phytochemical parameters of plants by affecting the total amount of active substances, elements constituting the active compounds and dry weight production.

sea level height is one of the most important environmental factors that affect the phytochemical composition of plants. Other environmental factors that form the climate of a region also play a role in the accumulation of physiological compounds in plants. In the present study, a significant difference was observed in terms of phytochemical content, quantity and quality in plane plants grown in the study areas. Also, many researchers have stated in numerous reports the existence of a relationship between the place of growth and its effect on the quality and quantity of phytochemical compounds of plants. Environmental factors of the growing area play a role in the quantity and quality of phytochemical parameters of plants by affecting the total amount of active substances, elements constituting the active compounds and dry weight production.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Antioxidant
• Superoxide dismutase
• Flavonoid
• Pollutants
• Altitude