Document Type : Research Article
Authors
1 : Associate Professor, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.
2 M.Sc. graduate, Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture Science, Mohaghegh Ardabili University, Ardabil, Iran.
3 Associate Professor, Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture Science, Mohaghegh Ardabili University, Ardabil, Iran
4 Professor, Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture Science, Mohaghegh Ardabili University, Ardabil, Iran
5 PhD Graduate, Visiting Researcher, Mohaghegh Ardabili University. zaslani60@yahoo.com.
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction: Rosa hybrida is known as one of the most important cut flowers. Rosa hybrida is one of the most diverse and widespread plants in the northern hemisphere in terms of growth habit, flower color and shape. Roses are mostly grown in the ornamental industries as cut flowers, potted plants and bedding plants due to their ornamental value. In addition, roses and their products have many applications in various industries such as beverages, cosmetics, food and pharmaceuticals. So, salinity stress is one of the environmental factors limiting the cultivation of this plant. Appropriate plant nutrition plays a significant role in raising the tolerance level of plants against various stresses.
Materials and methods: This experiment was carried out in the form of a completely randomized design with four replications in the research greenhouse of the Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources of Mohaghegh Ardabili University. Experimental treatments included control, salinity with the concentration of 120 mM, salinity + fulvic acid 10 mg/L, salinity + fulvic acid 30 mg/L, salinity + fulvic acid 60 mg/L, salinity + fulvic acid 90 mg/ L, salinity + fulvic acid 120 mg /L. After the plants were established in the original pots, they were placed on platforms one meter above the ground. On average, each pot was fed twice a day with a basal nutrient solution based on modified Hoagland nutrient solution., Experimental treatments were applied approximately 50 days after the plants were established. Salinity treatment was applied by sodium chloride. 100 to 150 ml of nutrient solution was added to each treatment according to the growth stage of the plant. The growth medium was rinsed once a week to minimize EC changes. The pH of the nutrient solution was adjusted to 6.5 with 37% hydrochloric acid. Flowers were harvested at the beginning of sepal opening (economic harvest stage) from a height of 45 cm of the flowering stem with a sharp knife. The stem was immediately placed in 500 ml bottles filled with 250 ml of distilled water containing 75 mg /L Sodium hypochlorite.
Results and discussion: The results showed that the application of salt stress with a concentration of 120 mM caused a significant decrease in leaf fresh weight, stem fresh weight, number of flowers, vase life, flower diameter, relative water content of leaves and the amount of a, b and total chlorophyll in comparison with the control treatment. Also, the results showed that the application of fulvic acid had a significant effect on the studied traits. So that the application of fulvic acid increased the growth, physiological and quality parameters of roses. The results showed that leaf fresh weight, stem fresh weight, flower number, flower length and vase life were significantly affected by salinity and fulvic acid treatments. So that under salinity stress conditions, the highest leaf fresh weight (3.56 g) and stem fresh weight (27.51 g) were obtained in the 30 mg/L folic acid treatment. Also, the highest number of flowers (2.25), flower length (45.51 mm) and vase life were observed in the 30 mg/L fulvic acid treatments in the non-salinity conditions, and the lowest levels of these traits were obtained in the salinity and non-fulvic acid treatments. Fulvic acid by chelating the mineral elements including, potassium, magnesium, zinc, calcium, iron, copper, and increasing the growth of lateral roots increases the availability of these elements for the plant.
Conclusion: It seems that the application of. Fulvic acid can be useful in removing osmotic stress and improving the growth and efficiency of rose plants under salt stress conditions. This experiment shows that adding fulvic acid to saline water can reduce the effects of salinity stress on rose plants. So that using different concentrations of fulvic acid (10, 30, 60 and 90 mg/L), especially the concentration of 30 mg/L, improved the absorption of nutrients such as nitrogen, potassium and calcium and photosynthetic pigments and moderated the adverse effects of salinity stress.So that using different concentrations of fulvic acid (10, 30, 60 and 90 mg/L), especially the concentration of 30 mg/L, improved the absorption of nutrients such as nitrogen, potassium and calcium and photosynthetic pigments and moderated the adverse effects of salinity stress.
Key words: Abiotic stress, Hydroponics, Humic substances, Roses, fulvic acid, salinity
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