تأثیر کاربرد ویناس و افزودنی نیتروژن و فسفر بر رشد و عملکرد گیاه گوجه‌فرنگی

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• احمد گلچین
• امین وطنی
• فاطمه رخش

دانشگاه زنجان

https://doi.org/10.22067/jhorts4.v30i1.24245

چکیده

به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر کاربرد ویناس بر رشد و عملکرد گیاه گوجه‌فرنگی رقم سوپراوربانا، آزمایشی در بهار سال 1386 به‌صورت گلدانی در گلخانه دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه زنجان اجرا شد. به‌منظور انجام این تحقیق آزمایشی با 24 تیمار و در سه تکرار به‌صورت فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح کاملاً تصادفی طراحی گردید. در این آزمایش از ویناس چغندرقند با سه غلظت مختلف شامل غلظت های 40 (C1)،20(C2) و 10 (C3) (میلی گرم بر لیتر) بار رقیق شده آن استفاده شد. به هر یک از این غلظت ها، افزودنی های فسفر، نیتروژن و فسفر + نیتروژن اضافه گردید. مقدار نیتروژن و فسفر اضافه شده به ترتیب 224 و 62 میلی گرم در لیتر بود. پس از پایان دوره رشد، عملکرد میوه، ماده خشک، وزن خشک ریشه و اندام هوایی و ارتفاع بوته گیاه گوجه‌فرنگی اندازه گیری شدند. نتایج نشان داد که با افزودن فسفر به ویناس، عملکرد و ارتفاع گیاه افزایش می یابد. افزودن فسفر + نیتروژن موجب افزایش درصد ماده خشک میوه، وزن خشک ریشه و اندام هوایی و همچنین افزودن نیتروژن به ویناس موجب کاهش عملکرد و ارتفاع گیاه گوجه‌فرنگی گردید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• ارتفاع بوته
• بیوماس
• چغندرقند
• دندر، ملاس

20.1001.1.20084730.1395.30.1.16.1

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effects of Application Vinasseand additive nitrogen and phosphorus on Growth and Yield of Tomato

نویسندگان [English]

• Ahmad Golchin
• Amin Vatani
• Fatemeh Rakhsh

University of Zanjan

چکیده [English]

Introduction:Vinasse is a byproduct of the sugar industry. Sugarcane or Sugarbeet is processed to produce crystallinesugar, pulp and molasses. The latter isfurther processed by fermentation to ethanol, ascorbicacid or other products. After the removal of the desired product (alcohol, ascorbicacid, etc.) the remaining material is called vinasse. Vinasse is sold after a partial dehydration and usually has a viscositycomparable to molasses. Commercially offered vinasse comes either from sugarcaneand is called cane-vinasse or from sugarbeet and is called beet-vinasse. On average, for each liter of vinasse, 12 liters alcohol produced. Vinasse is a material with dark brown color and the smell of burned sugar, which is rich in potassium, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus and nitrogen.
Materials and Methods:To determine the effect of vinasse and additive nitrogen and phosphorus on growth and yield of tomato, a factorial pot experiment was conducted at ZanjanUniversity in 2008. Two different plant nutrient including N and P and their combination (N+P) were added to vinasse with three different concentrations to form experimental treatments. In addition to these treatments, three control treatments with vinasse of different concentrations, but with no additive were also included in the experiment. Each treatment used with two different application methods (soil application and soil + foliar application).The experiment had 24 treatments, a complete randomized design and three replications. The vinasse used in this experiment was diluted with water 10, 20 and 40 times to make a nutrient solution of three different concentrations of tomato plant. The amounts of nitrogen and phosphorus that were added to vinasse were 224 and 62 mg/l, respectively. Phosphorus and nitrogen were applied to as super-phosphate triple and calcium nitrate and ammonium nitrate respectively. After being deployed to ensure complete installation of tomatoes in pots containing perlite (about 2 weeks after the transfer of seedlings tothe pots) treatments wereapplied to the pots. It should be noted that initially, three tomato seedlingswere planted in each pot at later stage after the plants were thinned to one plant per pot.Five months later after planting seedlings, fruits were picked and measured separately. At the end of the growth period, fruit yield, leaf and some quality characteristicsof fruit were measured.
Results Discussion: The results showed that the effects of vinasse concentrations on fruit yield, dry matter content of fruit, dry weight of root and plant height were significant at p

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Biomass
• Dunder
• Molasses
• Sugar beet
• yield

مراجع

1- Aflaki A. 2005. Thestudy effect of salinity and sodium adsorption ratio on the yield and quality of tomato in a medium perlite. Master thesis. University of Zanjan, Iran. In Persian.

2- Alam S.M., Naqvi S.S.M., and Azimi A.R. 1989. Effect of salt stress on growth of tomato. Pakistan Journal Scientific and Industrial Research, 32: 110-113.

3- Al-kraki G.N. 2000. Growth of mycorrhiza tomato and mineral acquisition under salt stress. Mycorrhiza, 10: 51-54.

4- Al-kraki G.N., and Hammad R. 2001. Mycorrhiza influence on fruit yield and mineral content of tomato grown under salt stress. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 24: 1311-1323.

5- Chartzoulakis K., and Klapaki G. 2000. Response of two greenhouse pepper hybrids to NaCl Salinity during different growth Stages. ScientiaHorticulturae, 86 (3): 24-260.

6- Epstein E. 1972. Mineral Nutrition of Plants: Principle and Perspectives. John Wiley and Sons, New York.

7- Jafarnia S., and Homaii M. 2006. Comprehensive Guide greenhouse cultivation of cucumber and tomato. First Edition. Sokhangostar Publishing, Mashhad. In Persian.

8- Kwong K.F.N., and Deville J. 1984. Nitrogen leaching from soils cropped with sugarcane under the humid tropical climate of Mauritius, Indian Ocean Journal of Environmental Quality, 13(3): 471-474.

9- Madejon E., Diaz M.J., Lopez R., Murillo J.M., and Cabrera F. 1998. Cornfertilizationwiththree (sugar beet) vinassecomposts. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 4: 232-237.

10- Madejon E., Lopez R., Murillo J.M., and Cabrera F. 2001. Agricultural use of three (sugar-beet) vinasse composts: Effect on crops and chemical properties of a Cambisoil in the Guadalquivir river valley (SW Spain). Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment Journal, 84: 53–65.

11- Meynard A.A. 1991. Intensive vegetable production using composed animal manure. Bulletin Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, No.891.13 pp.

12- Mizrahi Y., Arad S., and Zohar R. 1998. Salinity as a possible means of improving fruit quality in slow-Ripening tomato hybrids. ActaHorticulturae, 190: 187 -194.

13- Nuruddin M.M., Madramootoo C.A., and Dodds G.T. 2003. Effects of water stress at different growth stages on greenhouse tomato yield and quality. Horticulture Science Journal, 38: 1389-1393.

14- Olmedo P.M., Cabrera F., Lopez R., and Murillo J.M. 1996. Residual effects ofsugar beet vinasse on plant growth. Developments in Plant and Soil Sciences, 66: 527-531.

15- Orland F.J., Da silva L.C.F., and Zambello E.J. 1983. Agriculturalutilization of vinasse by means of tank trucks. Sugar Cane, 4-8.

16- Orlando Filho J. Bittencourt V.C., and Alves M.C. 1996. Vinasse application in a Brazilian sandy soil and nitrogen water table pollution. Proceeding international society sugar cane technology. 22, Cartagena, Colombia, 2: 63-66.

17- Shanon M.C., and Grieve C.M. 1999. Tolerance of Vegetable crops to salinity. ScientiaHorticulturaeJournal, 78: 5-8.

18- Sharma A.R., and Mittra B.N. 1988. Effect of combinations of organic materials and nitrogen fertilizer on growth, yield and nitrogen uptake of rice. Journal of Agriculture Science Cambridge, 111:495-501.

19- Stupiello P., Pexe C.A., Monteri H., and Da silva L.H. 1985. The effects of the use of vinasse as a fertilizer on the quality of sugar cane. In: Webb W.A.C., and Chapman L.S. 1987. Dander as a fertilizer for sugarcane in the central district of Queensland. Proceeding of Australian Society of Sugar Cane Technologists.

20- Tejada M., and Gonzalez J.L. 2005. Beet vinasse applied to wheat under dry land conditions affects soil properties and yield. European Journal of Agronomy, 23:336-347.