اثر تنش آبی بر روند تغییرات پرولین، قندهای محلول، محتوای نسبی آب و پروتئین های محلول برگ دو گونه گل جعفری

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• سید موسی موسوی ¹
• مهرانگیز چهرازی ¹
• اسماعیل خالقی ²

¹ دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز

² گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران.

https://doi.org/10.22067/jhorts4.v0i0.53077

چکیده

تنش خشکی ﯾﮑﯽ از مهم‌ترین تنش‎های محیطی در بخش کشاورزی و مدیریت فضای سبز شهری به شمار می‎آید. تحقیقات گذشته در زمینه تنش آبی بیانگر اثرات منفی آن بر خصوصیات مرفولوژیکی، فیزیولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی گیاهان می‌باشد. بر این اساس، پژوهشی به‌منظور بررسی اثر سطوح مختلف کم‌آبی )100 به‌عنوان شاهد، 75 و 50 درصد پتانسیل تبخیر و تعرق (ETcrop)( بر روند تغییرات پرولین، قندهای محلول کل، محتوای آب نسبی و میزان پروتئین‌های محلول برگ در دو گونه گل جعفری (فرانسوی و آفریقایی) به‌صورت آزمایش فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار به اجرا درآمد. نتایج نشان داد با افزایش سطوح کم‌آبی بر میزان پرولین و قندهای محلول کل برگ افزوده و روند تغییرات این صفات باگذشت زمان افزایش یافت، به‌طوری‌که در 43 روز پس از اعمال تیمار خشکی میزان پرولین برگ در تیمار آبیاری 50 درصد ETc ، در مقایسه با تیمارهای شاهد و تیمار آبیاری 75 درصد ETc به ترتیب 64/2 و 35/1 برابر افزایش یافت و بیشترین میزان پرولین برگ و قندهای محلول کل برگ مربوط به تیمار 50 درصدETc بود. همچنین نتایج نشان داد میزان پروتئین‌های محلول برگ و میزان محتوای نسبی آب برگ نیز با کم شدن سطح آبیاری کاهش یافت، به‌گونه‌ای که کمترین میزان محتوای نسبی آب برگ و میزان پروتئین‌های محلول برگ در تیمار 50 درصدETc مشاهده شد. به طور کلی به دلیل عدم معنادار بودن شاخص‎های اندازه گیری شده بین تیمار شاهد و 75 درصد ETc، می توان انتظار داشت که با کاهش 25 درصدی نیاز آبی گل جعفری در جهت مدیریت بهینه آب در فضای سبز گام برداشت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• آبیاری
• پتانسیل تبخیر و تعرق
• کم‌آبی

20.1001.1.20084730.1396.31.2.4.8

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect Of Water Stresson Trend Changesof Leaf Proline, Total Soluble Sugars, Relative Water Content and Soluble Protein of Two Species of Pot Marigold

نویسندگان [English]

• Seyyed Mousa Mousavi ¹
• Mehrangiz Chehrazi ¹
• Esmaeil Khaleghi ²

¹ Shahid Chamran Universityof Ahvaz

² Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran

چکیده [English]

Background and objectives: Water stress is one of the most important environmental stresses in agriculture and urban landscape management. Water stress has been defined as the induction of turgor pressure below the maximal potential pressure. Previous studieshave showed that drought had been negative effects on morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics of plants. Changes in protein expression, accumulation, and synthesis have been observed in many plant species as a result of plant exposure to drought stress during growth plants. The maintenance of plant water potential during water deficit is essential for continued growth and can be achieved by osmotic adjustment mechanisms resulting from the accumulation of compatible solutes such as proline in the cytoplasm. Proline acts as a "compatible solute", i.e. one that can accumulate to high concentrations in the cell cytoplasm without interfering with cellular structure or metabolism. Proline has a protective action which prevents membrane damage and protein denaturation during water stress. Accumulation of sugars in different parts of plants is enhanced in response to the variety of environmental stresses. Marigold(Tagetesspp.) is a genus of annual or perennial, belonging to the Asteraceaefamily, that is used as a marginal flower in the landscape.Due to the fact that drought stress is one of the most important problems especially in the agricultural industry and also in the landscape, it is necessary to study the damaging effects of drought stress on plant characteristics. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different levels of water stress on physiological and biochemical characteristics of two types of pot marigold.
Materials and Methods: A research was conducted in order to investigate the effect of different levels of water deficit (100 as control, 75 and 50 percent of potential evapotranspiration (ETcrop)) on trend changes of leaf proline, total soluble sugars, relative water content and soluble protein changes in two species of pot marigold (French and African) as a factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design with three replications. In this experiment, two species of pot marigold seeds (African and French) were planted in the trays including cocopeat. Then seedlings were transplanted to pots with 19 × 16 cm dimensions. After transplanting, the seedlings were irrigated well for 3 weeks. Then plants were irrigated with 100%, 75% and 50% ETcrop. Parameters such as leaf proline and total carbohydrates content, leaf relative water content were measured three times at intervals of once every 21 days but the amount of soluble proteins was measured one time in 63 days after treatment. Data analysis was performed using MSTATC software and mean comparison was done by Duncan's multiple range test at 5% and 1% probability.
Results: The results showed that leaf proline and total soluble sugars increased with incrementin levels of water deficit and the trend changes of leaf traits were increased with the passing of time. So that, in 43 days after water stress treatment, leaf proline content had an increase of 3 or 4 times in 50% Etcrop irrigation treatment compared with the control and 75% Etcrop irrigation treatment, respectively. The highest levels of leaf proline (119.28 mg per gram of fresh weight) and total soluble sugars content (1.8 mg per gram of fresh weight) was related to 50% ETc treatment. The amount of leaf total soluble sugars was also higher in African species compared with French species. The results showed that the leaf soluble proteins and relative water content decreased with reducingirrigation, so that the lowest amount of relative water content (57.9%) and soluble protein (31.57mg per g fresh weight) were obtained in 50% ETc treatment.
Conclusion: When the plants were exposed to progressive drought stress, changes appeared earlier in relative water content, whereas later effects in the levels of free proline, total soluble sugar, total soluble protein. The results showed that irrigation had significant effects on all evaluated parameters such as leaf proline, total soluble sugers, RWC and soluble proteins. Our findings also showed that there was no significant difference between control treatment and 75% ETcrop treatment in the measured indices and it's importancfor optimal management of water in landscape couldbe considered. Finally, it can be expected that African species is better than French species for planting in landscape.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Irrigation
• Potential Evapotranspiration
• Water deficit

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