تأثیر سطوح مختلف رطوبت خاک و سوپرجاذب بر برخی از ویژگی‌های رشدی گیاه و میوه توت فرنگی (رقم سلوا)

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• داود اکبری نودهی ¹
• محمد زنگویی ²
• فضل شیردل شهمیری ²

¹ دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد قائمشهر

² قائمشهر

https://doi.org/10.22067/jhorts4.v32i4.39933

چکیده

کم کردن تلفات آب و دفعات آبیاری یکی از راه­کارهای اساسی در توسعه کشاورزی و به حداقل رساندن تنش­های وارده به گیاهان محسوب می‌گردد، در این راستا یکی از این روش­ها استفاده از سوپر جاذب است. به‌منظور ارزیابی سطوح مختلف سوپرجاذب بر رشد و نمو گیاه توت فرنگی در شرایط تنش خشکی، پژوهشی در سال 1389 در استان مازندران در خاکی با بافت لومی انجام شد. آزمایش به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار اجرا گردید. تیمارهای تنش خشکی شامل 30، 50 و 70 درصد تخلیه رطوبت در دسترس خاک و پنج سطح سوپرجاذب، صفر، 25/0، 5/0، 75/0 و یک درصد وزنی و در شرایط گلدانی بودند. نتایج نشان داد که استفاده از سوپرجاذب بر تمام شاخص­های رشدی شامل روندک، برگ، ریشه و بوته و شاخص­های زایشی در شرایط تنش خشکی معنی­دار بود. در تمام شاخص­های رویشی به جز طول ریشه و طول روندک و تمام شاخص­های زایشی بیشترین میانگین­ها مربوط به تیمار یک درصد سوپرجاذب با 30 درصد تخلیه رطوبت بود، که به‌عنوان بهترین تیمار آزمایشی انتخاب می‌گردد. افزایش میزان مصرف سوپرجاذب باعث افزایش معنی­دار وزن میوه­ها گردید به طوری­که با مصرف 25/0 درصد وزنی سوپر جاذب عملکرد نسبت به تیمار شاهد (صفر درصد وزنی) تا چهار برابر افزایش داشته است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• بیشینه تخلیه رطوبت
• رشد رویشی و زایشی
• عملکرد

20.1001.1.20084730.1397.32.4.1.6

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Different Levels of Soil Moisture and Superabsorbent Polymer on Some Quantitative Traits of Strawberry cv. Selva

نویسندگان [English]

• Davood Akbari Nodehi ¹
• Mohammad Zanguei ²
• Fazl Shirdel Shahmiri ²

¹ qaemshar

² qaemshar

چکیده [English]

Introduction: Water is one of the most important factors limiting plant growth and agricultural productivity in many areas of the world. Decreasing water losses and irrigation times are one of the basic countermeasures for agriculture development and minimizing the stress to plants. Correct management and applying improved techniques for saving and conserving the humidity of soil and increasing the soil water holding capacity is among the activities for productivity increasing and consequently exploiting limited water resources. New method in science of soil and water is using super absorbent materials as reservoirs and prevention from water wastage and increase of irrigation efficiency.
Materials and Methods: In order to evaluate the application effects of different levels of superabsorbent polymer on growth of strawberry plants under drought stress condition, a research was conducted in the Mazandaran province in loamy soil during 2010. Experiment was carried out as factorial based on randomized complete block design with three replications and three plants for each replication. Dryness stress treatments (30%, 50% and 70% of Maximum allowable depletion of soil moisture; MAD) and superabsorbent polymer (0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1 % of soil weight) were allocated to main and sub-plots, respectively. In this research the superabsorbent polymer TawaratA200 is used that is produced by the research center of petrochemical and polymer of Iran. Before planting, super absorbent polymer was added to the soil of pots in deepness of root development. For stress application, the pots were weighted every day. During the experiment, the physicomorpholigic characteristics such as number and length of stolones, number of leaves, plant length, biomass, fresh ‎and dry weight, fruit diameter, number and weight of fruit were estimated.
Results and Discussion: The results showed, superabsorbent and drought stress and their interaction ‎effects ‎effected on all factors. ‎In vegetative characteristics, number and length of stolones in ‎treatment of 1% superabsorbent and 30%of MAD (maximum allowable ‎depletion) has been maximum.‎ By increasing stress, number and length of stolones ‎declined. The lowest amount was obtained in the treatment of non-superabsorbent and ‎‎70% of MAD. With increasing stress, the number of leaves decreased and with ‎increased ‎superabsorbent, leaf number was increased.‎ Strawberry leaves in treatment of ‎one percent superabsorbent and 30%of MAD has a ‎maximum value and in treatment ‎of non-absorbent and 70% of MAD was minimal.‎ Root length, fresh and dry weight ‎were affected by the water stress. 70% of MAD ‎and 30% of MAD has ‎been the minimum and maximum amount, respectively.‎  The plant length, biomass, fresh ‎and dry weight, by reducing stress and increasing ‎superabsorbent has increased and ‎maximum values were obtained in the treatment of  ‎‎30%of MAD and one percent of ‎superabsorbent.‎ In reproductive characteristics, fruit diameter reduction, occurred with ‎increase stress. ‎Fruit diameter was increased by adding superabsorbent and reducing ‎stress. In the treatment of 1% superabsorbent and 30%MAD the ‎maximum diameter of the fruit was obtained. Increased water stress has been causes ‎weight reduction. ‎In treatment 30%of  MAD, the weight of fruit was obtained 4.17 g, ‎with the ‎increase of water stress, the ‎fruit weight was reduced to 1.99 g.‎ The use of ‎superabsorbent increases the yield. With an increase of 0.25%superabsorbent, fruit ‎weight was increased from 4.17 to 8.14 g. In the interaction of stress and superabsorbent, ‎the maximum weight of the fruit with ‎‎18.99 g was obtained in treatment of 1% superabsorbent and 30% MAD.‎ the maximum number of fruits was ‎obtained, in treatment with 1% ‎superabsorbent and 30% MAD with the ‎number of 19.67.‎
Conclusion: Super absorbent polymer plays an important role in enhancement of absorption capacity and retention of water in soil, fighting against water shortage and decreasing harmful effects of drought stress. The above mentioned rates of polymer have the best effect to all characteristics of strawberry in all levels of water stress treatment. The findings strongly suggest that the irrigation period of strawberry cultivation can be increased by application of polymer.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Maximum allowable depletion of moisture
• vegetative and reproductive growth
• yield

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