Effect of Foliar Application of Iron, Zinc and Manganese Micronutrients on Yield and Yield Components and Seed Oil of Pot Marigold ) Calendula officinalis L.)

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

• Esmaeil Rezaei Chiyaneh ¹
• Saeid Zehtab Salmasi ²
• Alireza Pirzad ³
• Amir Rahimi ³

¹ Shaid Bakeri Higher Education Center of Miandoab, Urmia University, Urmia-Iran and Payame noor University of Nagadeh

² Tabriz University

³ University of Urmia

https://doi.org/10.22067/jhorts4.v0i0.24618

Abstract

Although micronutrients effect on growth and yield of different plants has been intensively investigated, but there is limited information on its effect on grain yield and seed oil content of pot marigold) Calendula officinalis L.). In order to investigate the effects of micronutrients (Fe, Zn and Mn) spraying on yield and yield components and seed oil of pot marigold, a field experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications at the Research Farm of Payame Noor University of Nagadeh in 2010. Treatments included Fe, Zn, Mn, mixed solutions of these elements (Fe+Zn, Fe+Mn, Zn+Mn, Fe+Zn+Mn) and control (water). Treatments were applied in 2 g/litter twice at stem elongation and early flowering stages. Different traits such as plant height, number of capitol per plant, number seed per capitol, thousand seed weight, biological yield, seed yield, seed oil percentage and oil Yield were recorded. The results showed that foliar application of micronutrients had significant effects on all of these traits. Yield components, seed yield, oil percentage and yield were enhanced by foliar application, compared with control (untreated plants). The maximum number seed per capitol, thousand seed weight and biological yield were relevant to Fe treatment. The highest numbers of capitol per plant and seed yield (643.33 kg.ha-1) were relevant to Zn+Fe treatment and the maximum oil yield (124.20 kg.ha-1) was produced by Zn+ Fe+ Mn treatment. Seed yield and oil yield increased by 31.27% and 44.18% yields more than control, respectively. It can be concluded that, foliar application of micronutrients had positive effects to obtain high yield and oil of pot marigold.

Keywords

• Number seed per plant
• Number of capitol per plant
• Quantitative yield
• Qualitative yield
• Medicinal plant

20.1001.1.20084730.1394.29.1.12.0

References

امید بیگی ر .1388. تولید و فرآوری گیاهان دارویی. جلد دوم. انتشارات آستان قدس رضوی. 438 صفحه.

2-خلد برین ب. و اسلام زاده ط. 1380. تغذیه معدنی گیاهان عالی. انتشارات دانشگاهی شیراز. 495 صفحه.

3-خلیلی محله ج. و رشدی م. 1387. اثر محلول پاشی عناصر کم مصرف بر خصوصیات کمی و کیفی ذرت سیلویی 704 در خوی. مجله نهال و بذر. 2 (24): 293- 281.

4-رحیمی م م.، مظاهری د. و خدابنده ن. 1380. اثر عناصر ریز مغذی بر خصوصیات کمی و کیفی دو رقم آفتابگردان در منطقه ارسنجان. مجله پژوهش و سازندگی. 61: 103- 96.

5-رمرودی م.، کیخاژاله م.، گلوی م.، ثقه الاسلامی م.ج. و برادران ر. 1390. اثر محلول پاشی عناصر ریزمغذی و رژیم های آبیاری بر عملکرد کمی و کیفی گیاه دارویی اسفرزه. نشریه بوم شناسی کشاورزی. 2 (3): 226-219.

6-غفاری ملایری م.، اکبری غ.ع. و محمدزاده آ. 1391. واکنش عملکرد و اجزاء عملکرد ذرت به کاربرد خاک مصرف و محلول پاشی عناصر ریزمغذی. نشریه پژوهشهای زراعی ایران. . 2 (10): 373-368.

7-کامکار ب.، صفاهانی لنگرودی ع.ر. و محمدی ر.1390. کاربرد مواد معدنی در تغذیه گیاهان زراعی. انتشارات جهاد دانشگاهی مشهد. 500 صفحه.

8-کمرکی ح .و گلوی م. 1391. ارزیابی محلولپاشی عناصر ریزمغذی آهن، بر و روی بر ویژگیهای کمی و کیفی گلرنگ. نشریه بوم شناسی کشاورزی. 3 (4): 206- 201.

9-ملکوتی م.ج.، کشاورز پ. و کریمیان ن. 1387. روش جامع تشخیص و توصیه بهینه کود برای کشاورزی پایدار. انتشارات دانشگاه تربیت مدرس. 755 صفحه.

10-میرزاپور م.ح. و خوشگفتار منش ا.ح. 1387. تاثیر کود دهی آهن بر رشد، عملکرد و مقدار روغن دانه آفتابگردان در یک خاک آهکی شور- سدیمی. پژوهش کشاورزی: آب، خاک و گیاه در کشاورزی. 4 (8): 74-61.

11-نصری م. و خلعتبری م. 1387. بررسی تاثیر غلظت محلول پاشی ریز مغذی بر خصوصیات کمی و کیفی ارقام کلزا در منطقه ورامین. فصلنامه دانش کشاورزی ایران. 2 (5): 213-107.

12- Alvarez-Fernandez A., Garcıa-Lavina P., Fidalgo C., Abadıa J., and Abadıa A. 2004. Foliar fertilization to control iron chlorosis in pear (Pyrus communis L.) trees. Plant and Soil, 262: 5-15.

13- Attia K.K. 2004. Response of two peanut varieties to phosphorus fertilization and foliar application of certain micronutrients under sandy calcareous soil conditions. Assiut Journal Agricultural Sciences, 35: 253-267.

14- Bagheri Khoulenjani M., and Salamati M.S. 2011. Morphological reaction and yield of Nigella sativa L. to Fe and Zn. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 7: 2359-2362.

15- Bakry B.A., Tawfik M.M. Mekki B.B., and Zeidan M.S. 2012. Yield and yield components of three flax cultivars (Linum usitatissimum L.)in response to foliar application with Zn, Mn and Fe under newly reclaimed sandy soil conditions. American-Eurasian Journal of Agricultural & Environmental Sciences, 12: 1075-1080.

16- Bernal M., Cases R., Picorel R., and Yruela I. 2007. Foliar and root Cu supply affect differently Fe and Zn-uptake and photosynthetic activity in soybean plants. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 60:145–150.

17- Blakrishman K. 2000. Peroxidase activity as an indicator of the iron deficiency banana. Indian Journal of Plant Physiology, 5: 389-391.

18- Broadley M. R., Philip J.W., Hammond J.P., Zelko I., and Alexander L. 2007. Zinc in plants. New Phytologist, 173: 677–702.

19- Heidarian A.R., Kord H., Mostafavi K.H., Lak A.P., and Amini Mashhadi. F. 2011. Investigating Fe and Zn foliar application on yield and its components of soybean (Glycine max L.) at different growth stages. Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology and Sustainable Development, 3: 189 -197.

20- Leal F., Rodrigues A., Fernandes D., Nunes F.M., Cipriano J., Ramos J., Teixeira S., Vieira S., Carvalho L.M., and Pinto-Carnide O .2009. Invitro multiplication of Calendula arvensis for secondary metabolites extraction. Acta Horticulture, 812: 251-256.

21- Malakouti M.J. 2008. The effect of micronutrients in ensuring efficient use of macronutrients. Turkish Journal of Agricultural and Forestry, 32: 215-220.

22- Marschner H.1995. Mineral Nutrition of Higher Plants. Second edition, Academic Press Limited. Harcourt Brace and Company, Publishers, London, pp. 347-364.

23- Nasiri Y., Zehtab-Salmasi Z., Nasrullahzadeh S., Najafi N., and Ghassemi-Golezani K. 2010. Effects of foliar application of micronutrients (Fe and Zn) on flower yield and essential oil of chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.). Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 4: 1733-1737.

24- Oshodi A.A., Olaofe O., and Hall G.M. 1993. Amino acid, fatty acid and mineral composition of pigeon pea. International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition, 43: 187-191.

25- Ravi S., Channal H.T., Hebsur N.S., Patil B.N., and Dharmatti P.R .2008. Effect of sulphur, zinc and iron nutrition on growth, yield, nutrient uptake and quality of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). Karnataka Journal Agriculture Science, 32: 382-385.

26- Shirani Rad A.H., Kavandi H., and Bitarafan Z. 2011. Plant density and foliar application of Zn and Fe effects on some quantitative and qualitative traits of german chamomile. International Journal of Science and Advanced Technology, 1: 59-64.

27- Zehtab-Salmasi S., Behrouznajhad S., and Ghassemi-Golezani K. 2012. Effects of foliar application of Fe and Zn on seed yield and mucilage content of Psyllium at different stages of maturity. International Conference on Environment, Agriculture and Food Sciences (ICEAFS'2012) August 11-12, 2012 Phuket (Thailand). 63-65.

28- Zehtab-Salmasi S., Heidari F., and Alyari H. 2008. Effect of microelements and plant density on biomass and essential oil production of peppermint (Mentha piperment L.). Plant Science Research, 1: 24-28.