نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی

نویسندگان

دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

چکیده

آبدهی بذر قبل از کاشت منجر به جذب فیزیکی آب و شروع فرآیندهای بیوشیمیایی و هیدرولیز قندها می‌شود، به‌طوری‌که شرایط جوانه‌زنی و قدرت رویش بذر و گیاهچه بهبود می‌یابد. این تحقیق به منظور تعیین اثرات پرایمینگ بر شاخص‌های جوانه‌زنی بذر، تعیین مناسب‌ترین روش پرایمینگ و هم‌چنین تعیین غلظت محلول پرایم بر جوانه‌زنی بذر ارقام Parkland و Goldrash گیاه دارویی خردل بصورت طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار در دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد در سال 1392 انجام شد. در این آزمایش بذور تحت تاثیر تیمارهای هیدروپرایمینگ و اسموپرایمینگ با محلول‌های4- و16- مگاپاسکال اوره و سولفات روی قرار گرفتند و شاهد نیز شامل تیمار بدون پرایم بود. نتایج حاکی از آن بود که خصوصیات جوانه‌زنی شامل سرعت و درصد جوانه‌زنی، طول ریشه‌چه و طول ساقه‌چه رقم Goldrash مناسب‌تر بود و حداکثر بهبود جوانه‌زنی در بذور هیدروپرایمینگ شده مشاهده شد، به طوری‌که در این تیمار اختلاف سرعت و درصد جوانه‌زنی، طول ریشه‌چه و طول ساقه‌چه نسبت به سایر تیمارها معنی‌دار بود. ولی بذور اسموپرایمینگ شده مشابه و حتی در برخی موارد ضعیف‌تر از شاهد بودند. به طوری‌که در تیمار اسموپرایمینگ با سولفات روی صفات جوانه‌زنی هر دو رقم کاهش نشان دادند و بیشترین کاهش با محلول 16- مگا پاسکال سولفات روی در رقم Parkland به دست آمد، به طوری‌که درصد جوانه‌زنی در تیمار اسموپرایمینگ با محلول‌های16- مگاپاسکال سولفات روی در مقایسه با شاهد 86 درصد کاهش نشان داد. به طورکلی نتایج نشان داد که شاخص‌های جوانه‌زنی واریته Goldrash در شرایط هیدروپرایمینگ مطلوب‌تر بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Seed Priming Treatments on Germination Traits of Two Mustard Cultivars (Brassica compestris var. parkland and Goldrash)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Morteza Goldani
  • Sedigheh Mazroi

Ferdowsi University of Masshad

چکیده [English]

Introduction: B. campestris is an old plant that commonly grows in arid and semi-arid areas. It has mucilage in the epidermal cells of canola seeds, a considerable variation in growth form and characteristics across the many cultivars. These species have in general, a flat root without an elongated crown, with stems that typically grow 30 to 120 cm tall. The leaves are large, soft, smooth or soft-hairy. The yellow flowers are small, usually less than 2 cm long (24). Seed priming is a procedure in which seed is soaked and then dried back to its original water content. Hydropriming uses only water in the process of controlled imbibitions, but osmopriming simply means soaking seeds in an osmotic solution. Seed priming is a technique of controlled hydration and drying that results in more rapid germination when the seed is reimbibed. Priming can be a valuable process for improving germination and uniformity of heterogeneously matured seed lots. Seed priming has been successfully demonstrated to improve germination and emergence in seeds of many crops, particularly vegetables and small seeded grasses. Seed priming is a presowing strategy for influencing seedling development by modulating pregermination metabolic activity prior to emergence of the radicle and generally enhances germination rate and plant performance. Fast germination and uniform emergence assist the farmer to “catch up” on the time lost to drought (17, 18). This research aimed to study the effect of the best treatments of osmopriming and hydropriming on varieties of mustard seed germination traits was conducted.
Materials and Methods: The present research was conducted under laboratory conditions of the Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran, during 2012 to determine the seed priming effects on germination traits of two cultivars of mustard. The experiment was in completely randomized design with six treatments. Seeds of two mustard cultivars including Goldrash and Parkland (Brassica compestris var.) were subjected to hydro priming and osmotic priming (-4 and -16 urea and Zinc sulfate solution with osmotic potential MPa) in laboratory conditions. Then germination performance was studied. To calculate the germination percentageand rate, mean germination time (MGT) and seed vigor, were used according to equation1, 2, 3and4(11).
1: Germination percentage= (n / N) × 100
2:
3: MGT= Σ(ni × ti)Σn
whereni is the number of newly germinated seeds at time of tiafter imbibing, and n = total number of emerged seeds.
4: Seed vigor= Germination percentage * dry weight
The soft ware macro, and charting in Excel software were used to analyze the data and LSD test at the 5% level was used for means comparison.
Results and Discussion: Priming treatments impressed radica and plumul length, germination percentage and rate, mean germination time and seed vigor at the 5% level (Table 3). As maximum germination percentage and rate at the control and hydropriming treatments and at least 16 MPa at osmopriming zinc were (respectively 6/14 and 92/0% for Parkland and 6/82, and 15% for Goldrash)(Tables 1, 2). Given that most of micronutrients such as zinc, copper, cobalt thatare also classified as heavy metals when their concentrations in soil and plant tissues above the plant are sufficient to cause poisoning, affect yield and plant growth (19). It seems, the Goldrash compared to Parkland with imbibitions less metabolic activity has shown better and more tolerance to stresses caused by the toxicity of zinc.Hydropriming partially hydrated seeds and cellular turgescenceoccurs. In this experiment when compared to osmopriming, hydration process was accelerated in hydropriming treatment and germination indices were better. Benntt and Waters (3) reported no germination at osmopriming treatment for largeseed crops (such as corn and soybeans). This method can possibly include other osmotic elements uptake by seeds and create toxicity and reduced oxygen uptake at low osmotic potential was noted.
Conclusion: In this experiment, the priming process could increase seed vigor and seedling growth of cultivars. It seems that the use of zinc as a heavy metal toxicity in plant tissues and plant growth is reduced. The damage was more severe with increasing concentrations of heavy elements. But the Goldrash compared to Parkland has shown more tolerance and Goldrashhas shown better results in hydroponic conditions.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Germination
  • Hydro priming
  • Mustard
  • Osmopriming
1- Artola A., Carrillo-Castanda G., and Santose G.D.L. 2003. Hydropriming: A strategy to increase Lotus corniculatus L. seed vigor. Seed Sci. Technol, 31:455-463.
2- Ashraf M., and Foolad M.R. 2005. Pre-sowing seed treatment-a shotgun approach to improve germination growth and crop yield under saline and none-saline conditions. Advan. Agron. 88: 223-271
3- Bennett M.A., and Waters L. 1987. Seed hydration treatments for improved sweet maiz germination and stand establishment. J. Am. Soc. Hort. Sci. 112: 45-49.
4- Bradford K.J., Steiner J. and Trawathe S.E. 1990. Seed priming influence on germination and emergence of pepper seed lots. Crop Sci. 30: 718-721.
5- Bradford K.J. 1995. Water relations in seed germination. In "Seed Development and Germination" (J. Kigel and G. Galili, Eds.), pp. 351-396. Marcel Dekker Inc., New York.
6- Bussel W.T., and Gary D. 1976. Effects of pre-sowing seed treatments and temperatures on tomato seed germination and seedling emergence. Sci. Hort. 5: 101-109.
7- Callen N.W., Mathre D.E. and Miller J.B. 1990. Biopriming seed treatment for biological control of pythium premergence damping off in sh2 Sweet corn. Plant Disease. 74: 368-372. (Abstract).
8- Capron I., Corbineau F.F., Dacher C., Job Come D., and Job, D. 2000. Sugarbeet seed priming: Effects of priming conditions on ermination, solubilization of 1 I-S globulin and accumulation of LEA proteins. Sci. Res. 10:243-254
9- Danneberger T.K., McDonald M.B., Geron C.A. and Kumari P. 1992. Rate of germination and seedling growth of perennial ryegrass seed following osmoconditioning. HortSci. 27: 28-30.
10- Drew R.L.K., Hands L.J. and Gray D. 1997. Relating the effects of priming to germination of unprimed seeds. Seed Sci. and Technol. 25: 537-548.
11- Ellis R.A., and Roberts E.H. 1981. The quantification of ageing and survival in orthodox seeds. Seed Sci. Technol. 9: 373-409.
12- Ellis R.H. 1989. The effects of differences in seed quality resulting from priming or deterioration on the relative growth rate of onion seedlings. Acta- Hort. 253: 203-211.
13- Farooq M., Basra S.M.A., Warraich E.A., and Khaliq A. 2006. Optimization of hydro priming techniques for rice seed invigoration. Seed Sci. Technol. 34: 529-534.
14- Fu J.R., Lu X.H., Chen R.Z., Zhang B.Z., Liu Z.S., Li Z.S., and Cai D.Y.1988. Osmoconditioning of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) seeds with PEG to improve vigour and some biochemical activities. Seed Sci. Technol. 16: 197-212.
15- Ghazi N. and Karaki A.L. 1998. Response of wheat and barley during germination to seed osmopriming at different water potential. J. Agron and Sci. 181:239-235.
16- Hardegree S. 1996. Matrix priming increases germination rate of great basin native perennial grasses. Agric. Res. Service.11-13. (Abstracts).
17- Jie L., Gong She L., Dong Mei O., Fang Fang L., and En Hua W. 2002. Effect of PEG on germination and active oxygen metabolism in wildrye (Leymu.7chinensis) seeds. Acta Pratacul Sinica. 11, 59-64.
18- Judi M., and Sharifzadeh F. 2006. Investigation the effects of hydro priming in barley cultivars.Biaban J. 11: 99-109.
19- Mahmood S., Hussain A., Saeed Z. and Athar M.2005. Germination and seedling growth of corn (Zea mays l.) under varying levels ofcopper and zinc. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Techol. 2(2): 269-274
20- Maurmicale G. and. Cavallaro V.1996. Effect of seed osmopriming on germination of three herbage grasses at low temperatures. Seed Sci. and Technol. 24: 331-338.
21- Meyer S.E., Debaene G.S.B. and Allen P.S.2000. Using hydrothermal time concepts to model seed germination response to temperature, dormancy loss, and priming effects in Elymus elymoides. Seed Sci. Research.10: 213-223
22- Michel B.E., and M.R. Kaufmann.1973. The osmotic potential of polyethylene glycol 6000. Plant Physiol. 51: 914-916.
23- Latifzadeh M., Abotalebian M. A., Zavareh M. and Rabiee M. 2014. Effects of Seed Priming and Sowing Dates on Seedling Emergence, Yield and Yield Components of a Local Genotype Bean as a Double Crop in Rasht. Iranian Journal of field crop science. 44: 23-33. (in Persian with English abstract)
24- Srinivasan K., Saxena S. and Singh B. 1999. Osmo and hydro priming of mustard seeds to improve vigour and some biochemical activities. Seed Sci. and Technol. 27: 785-793
25- Takhizadeh M., Salegi M. Karimi M. Norai Z. and Shahcherakhi. 2014. Effects of Some Heavy Metals Application on Seed Germination and In Vitro Regeneration of Bermudagrass. Plant Pro Technol. 5: 95-108. (in Persian with English abstract)
CAPTCHA Image