بررسی تنوع مورفولوژیکی و میزان اسانس چندگونه آویشن (Thymus sp.) بومی ایران

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• مهدیه رضایی ¹
• عباس صفرنژاد ²
• مصطفی عرب ¹
• سیده بی بی لیلا علمداری ³
• مرضیه دلیر ³

¹ پردیس ابوریحان، دانشگاه تهران

² مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خراسان رضوی و مدیریت بیوتکنولوژی کشاورزی

³ بیوتکنولوژی کشاورزی منطقه شرق و شمال شرق کشور (مشهد)

https://doi.org/10.22067/jhorts4.v30i3.30435

چکیده

به منظور بررسی تنوع ژنتیکی این گیاه 22 جمعیت از گونه های بومی آویشن شامل، 13 جمعیت از گونه T. daenensisو سه جمعیت از گونه T. migricus و دو جمعیت ازگونه T.kotschyanusو یک جمعیت از هرکدام از گونه های T. pubsence و T. fedtschenkoi و T. vulgaris و T. transcaspicus مورد ارزیابی مورفولوژیک، و میزان اسانس قرار گرفتند. جمعیت ها به صورت طرح بلوک های کاملا تصادفی با سه تکرار در مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خراسان رضوی کشت شدند. تجزیه واریانس صفات مورفولوژیک و میزان اسانس تفاوت معنی داری را بین جمعیت های آویشن نشان داد. نتایج همبستگی صفات، همبستگی مثبتی را بین صفات ارتفاع و تعداد ساقه و طول برگ و تاریخ اولین آثار گل دهی با صفات عملکرد (وزن خشک و تر) و میزان اسانس (حجم و وزن اسانس) نشان داد. نتایج حاصل از تجزیه رگرسیون به روش گام به گام نیز تا حد زیادی با نتایج همبستگی ساده مطابقت داشت. با توجه به دندروگرام حاصل از تجزیه خوشه ای صفات مورفولوژیک و میزان اسانس، جمعیت ها در سه دسته اصلی قرار گرفتند. در نتایج تجزیه به عامل های اصلی مجموع صفات با چهار عامل اصلی قابل توجیه بودند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• آویشن
• صفات مورفولوژیک
• میزان اسانس
• ضریب همبستگی

20.1001.1.20084730.1395.30.3.20.9

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigation of Morphologic Variation and Essence Value in several Thyme Native Species (Thymus sp) of Iran

نویسندگان [English]

• Mahdieh Razaei ¹
• Abbas Safarnejad ²
• Mostafa Arab ¹
• Seyyedeh Bibi Leila Alamdari ³
• Marzieh Dalir ³

¹ College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran

² Khorasan Razavi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center or Mashhad Branch

³ Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO)

چکیده [English]

Introduction: Thyme is an important medicinal plant in cosmetic, pharmaceutical and food industries. The genus Thymus L. (Lamiaceae) consists of about 300 species of herbaceous perennials and subshrubs. This genus is mainly distributed over Mediterranean country, northern part of Africa and Southern Greenland. Thymus species are commonly used as spices, herbal tea, insecticide and flavoring materials. Also, Thymus have been most frequently used in traditional herbal medicine due to its antiseptic, carminative, expectorant, antispasmodic, anti-inflammatory properties. Recent studies have showed that this genus have strong antifungal, antibacterial and antioxidant activities. Because of these medical features of this genus, Thymus is cultivated all over the world. The aromatic and medicinal properties of the genus thymus have made it one of the most popular plantsthroughout all of the world.
Materials and Methods: In order to study genetic variations, 22 populations of endemic species of Thymus include thirteen populations from species of T. daenensis, four populations of T. migricus and one population from each of the following species: T. fedtschenkoi, T. vulgaris, T. transcaspicus, T. pubsence and T. kotschyanus were used for assessment of morphology and essence value. Populations in completely random block design with three replications at the Razavi-khorasan Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Center were planted. Morphological measurement was taken on five random individuals of each replicate and average traits were analyzed. Clevenger unit was used to measure the essence amount. Morphological traits were included leaf length, leaf width, leaf number of year stem, maximum diameter of canopy, minimum diameter of canopy, canopy area, height flowering stem, height inflorescence, number of stems per plant, number days to starting of flowering, number days to 50% of flowering, fresh yield, dry yield, height of stem than inflorescence, and essence weight and volume. A balanced completely randomized design with three replications was used. Biometric measurement was applied to study the selected thyme populations. SAS, SPSS and NTSYS softwares were used for calculating the statistics indicators, normality tests, analysis of variance, means of traits, correlation coefficients, stepwise regression analysis and principal component analysis.
Result Discussion: A wide range of morphological variety was observed by biometric measurements. The results showed that there were highly significant differences between thyme populations. Mean comparison was carried out using Duncan method at 5% level. Population No.18 and population No.4 were showed the highest and the lowest diameter of canopy, respectively. Population No.18 and population No.4 exhibited maximum and minimum canopy area, respectively. Maximum and minimum stem lengths were related to populations No.12 and No.4, respectively. Maximum and minimum numbers of stems at each plant were seen in populations No.12 and No.2, respectively. Inflorescence length of population No.6 was maximum and population No.5 was minimum. The maximum and minimum average of the number of leaf per stem were observed in population No.17 and population No.12, respectively. Maximum and minimum of the leaf length were seen in populations No.10 and No.16, respectively. Population No.4 and population No.22 exhibited the highest and the lowest leaf width, respectively. For inflorescence length/ stem length ratio, population No.6 and population No.21 were showed maximum and minimum, respectively. The maximum number days to stating of flowering and 50% flowering, were seen in populations No.2 and No.8 and populations No.6 and No.4 had minimum of these. Population No.13 and population No.4 exhibited maximum and minimum dry weight, respectively. Populations No.13, No.17, No.18 and No.20 had the maximum of fresh yield and population No.4 had the minimum of fresh yield. For essence value characteristics, the most volume and weight of essential oil was observed in populations No.2, No.9, No.10 and No.18 and the least volume and weight of essential oil was observed in populations No.4, No.5, No.6 and No.12.
Conclusion: ANOVA showed that there was significant difference between thyme accessions for morphological traits which it is important for plant breeding. High variation increases selection of desirable traits for breeding. In order to crossing and hybridization, parents must be genetically distant to gain the most variation. In this study, relationship between thyme accessions using morphological and essence value traits was investigated so plant breeder can use it for production desirable hybrid.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Correlation coefficient
• Essence value
• Morphological characteristics
• Thymus

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