The Study of Organic, Chemicaland Biological Fertilizers on Thermal Requirements, Developmental Stages and some of Physiological Indices of Roselle (Hibiscussabdariffa L.) by Irrigation Levels

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

• Bahareh Parsamotlagh ¹
• Parviz Rezvani Moghaddam ²
• Reza Ghorbani ²
• Zabihollah Azami Sardooei ¹

¹ University of jiroft

² Ferdowsi University of Mashhad

https://doi.org/10.22067/jhorts4.v32i1.61048

Abstract

Introduction: Roselle (Hibiscus sabdarjffaL.) is an annual or biennial plant cultivated in arid and semiarid regions. This plant is grown in parts of Africa, Asia, America and Australia. This plant is ecologically short day, self-pollinated and sensitive to cold and freezing stress. Studies conducted on the medicinal plants in natural ecosystems suggested that using sustainable agriculture system provides the best conditions for the production of these plants, leading to maximum qualitative and quantitative yield in such conditions. In order to analyze the growth indices, leaf area index (LAI) and total dry matter (TDM) is required. Other indices were calculated from LAI and TDM. Considering the importance ofuses andresistant to droughtstress of roselle, this plant cultivate in provinces of Kerman and Fars recently. In order to evaluate the effect of organic, chemical and biological fertilizers on thermal requirements, developmental stages and some of physiological indices of roselle by irrigation levels, was conducted in Jiroft area.
Materials and Methods: In orderto evaluate the effect of organic, chemical and biological fertilizers on thermal requirements, developmental stages and some of physiological indices of roselle by irrigation levels, an experiment was conducted at Agricultural Research Farm Jiroft of Universityin2013-2014 growing season. Theexperiment was conducted as strip plot based on a randomized complete blocks design with three replications. Three irrigation regimes (100%, 80% and 60% of crop waterrequirement) were assigned ashorizontal factor and four fertilizer resources (mycorrhiza, vermicompost, cow manure and chemical fertilizer (NPK)) were allocated as vertical factor. Plant water requirement was calculated by using salinity parameters (sensitivity coefficient, salinity threshold and gradient of yield reduction), plant characteristics (height and the maximum depth of root), vegetation coefficients (first, middle and end of growth season), characteristics and duration of growth period with AGWAT software. Then, treatments of 80% and 60% of plant water requirements were determined and irrigation water per irrigation period was recorded by the water meter. As drip irrigation system with 0.001 Sq. M. were independently used for each treatment.Traits such as LAI, TDM, LAD, CGR and RGR indices and dry sepal yield were measured. All data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) using SAS 9.3 software. When F test indicated statistical significance at P< 0.01 or P < 0.05, the least significant difference (LSD) was used to separate the means.Figure drawing was done with Excel andSigmaplot Ver. 12.5
.
Results and Discussion: The results indicated that roselle is short-day plant and its flowering is stimulated by nearing the short days. Fertilizer resources and irrigation water levels had not significant effect on flowering of plant. Also fertilizer resources and irrigation water levels had significant effect on LAI and TDM. The highest LAD value was found in the cow manure and vermicompost treatments. The highest CGR value was obtained from 100%, 80% and 60% respectively. Growth reduction between irrigation levels 100% and 80% was not significant. Slope decline between irrigation levels (i.e., 100% and 80%) was similar. Slope decline in control and mycorrhizal morethan vermicompost, cow manure and chemical fertilizer. Similar results also reported by Gendy et al., (2012) and Samiran et al., (2010). The results showed that the interaction of Fertilizer resource and levels irrigations on the sepal yield was significant. Sepal yield at all three levels of irrigation showed increase in the plants treated with cow manure, vermicompost and chemical compared with mycorrhizal and control treatment. The highest sepal yield (1217 kg.ha-1) was obtainedfrom100% crop water requirement cow manure treatment and the lowest sepal yield (493 kg.ha-1) was obtained at 60% crop water requirement control treatments.
Conclusion: It seems that among the different fertilizer resources, cow manure and vermicompost have a greater impact on soil water holding compared to other sources of fertilizers (mycorrhiza and chemical fertilizer) by increasing soil organic matter. The results of Growth indices analysis, growth degree days and phenology assessment indicated that the most leaf area index and dry matter was observed at flowering stage and the beginning of flowering rosellewas under the influence of photoperiod. Due to soil and climatic conditions of the study area, using cow manure or vermicompost with 80% of the irrigation water requirement, roselle plant seems appropriate.

Keywords

• Agronomicimportant traits
• Drought stress
• Growth Degree Day
• Mycorrhiza

20.1001.1.20084730.1397.32.1.8.7

References

1- Akanbi W.B., Olaniyan A.B., Togun A.O., Ilupeju A.E.O., and Olaniran O.A. 2009. The Effect of organic and inorganic fertilizer on growth, calyx yield and quality of Roselle (Hibiscus Sabdariffa L.). American-Eurasian Journal of Sustainable Agriculture, 3(4): 652-657.

2- Alizadeh A., and Kamali Gh. 2008. Crop water Requirement in Iran. Astan Quds Razavi. Second edition.

3- Al-Wandawi H., Al-Shaikhly K., and Abdul-Rahman M. 1984. Roselle seed a new protein source. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 32: 510-512.

4- Amin Ghafoori A., Rezvani Moghaddam P., Nassiri Mahallati M., Khorramdel S., and Ebrahimian A. 2013. Evaluation of growth characteristics of castor (Ricinus communis L.) by organic fertilizers. Iranian Horticultural Science Congress. September 2013. Hamadan. Bu Ali Sina University. (In Persian)

5- Bovetchko S.M., and Tewaris J.P. 1990. Root colonization of different hosts by the vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus dimorphicum. Journal of Plant and Soil, 129:131-136.

6- Dahmareh M., and Heidari H. 2015. Study of Botanical properties and Medicinal purposes of Roselle Roselle (Hibiscus Sabdariffa L.). The first scientific conference of biology and Iranian Horticultural Science. 6 August 2015. (In Persian)

7- D'Heureux-Calix F., and Badrie N. 2004. Consumer acceptance and physicochemical quality of processed red sorrel/roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) sauces from enzymatic extracted calyces. Food service technology journal, 4: 141-148.

8- Duke J.A. 1983. Hand book of Energy crops.

9- Duke J.A. 1993. Medicinal plants and the pharmaceutical industry. In New Crops, (eds.), Janick, J and Simon, J.E. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 664-669.

10- Duke J.A. 2006. Ecosystematic data on economic plants. Journal of Crude Research, 17(3):91-110.

11- Elizabeth O., Ajibade D., Gabriel A., and Folorunsho A.E. 2013. Phenological Studies of Two Varieties of Hibiscus cannabinus Linn in Ile-Ife, South West, Nigeria. Journal of Biology Agriculture and Healthcare, 3(8): 49-57.

12- Eslami V. 1994. The effect of climate parameters on dry matter accumulation, seed yield and stem elongation of rained farming wheat (Triticum Sativum L.). MSc thesis, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modarres University of Tehran, Iran. (In Persian with English Summary).

13- Facciola S. 1990. Cornucopia-A source book of edible plants. Kampong Publications. 1990 ISBN 0-9628087-0- 9.

14- Gad N. 2011. Productivity of roselle (Hibiscus Sabdariffa L.) plant as affected by cobalt and organic fertilizers. Journal of Applied Sciences Research, 7:1785–1792.

15- Gendy A.S.H., Said-Al H.A.H., and Abeer Mahmoud A. 2012. Growth, Productivity and Chemical Constituents of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) Plants as Influenced by Cattle Manure and Biofertilizers Treatments. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 6(5): 1-12.

16- Ghosh P.K, Ramesh P., Bandyopadhyay K.K., Tripathi A.K., Hati K.M., Misra A.K., and Acharya C.L. 2004. Comparative effectiveness of cattle manure, poultry manure, phosphocompost and fertilizer-N.P.K on three cropping systems in vertisols of semi-arid tropics. Crop yields and system performance. Bioresource Technology, 95:77–83.

17- Heidarian E., and Rafieian-Kopaei M. 2012. Effect of silymarin on liver phoshpatidate phosphohydrolase in hyperlipidemic rats. Biological Sciences Research, 9(2): 59-67.

18- Hughes S.G., Bryant J.A., and Smirinoff N. 1989. Molecular biology, application to studies of stress tolerance. In: Plants under stress. Hamlyn, G.J., Flowers, T.J., Jonea, M.B. (eds.), New York: Cambridge University Press, 131-135.

19- Karimi M.M., and Siddique K.H.M. 1991. Crop growth and relative growth rates of old and modern wheat cultivars. Australian Journal of Agriculture Research, 42:13-20.

20- Karimian M.A., Mir B., Beidarnameni F., and Koshteh Gar A. 2016. Evaluation of yield and yield component Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) in intercropping with bean (Vigna unguiculata L.) by manure fertilizer and planting pattern. The Second Congress of Agricultural Sciences and resources, Gorgan, education and research engineering company Barvgstr Pars, Teachers University, Golestan, Iran. (In persian).

21- Kobley L.S. 1968. An Introduction to Botany of Tropical Crops, vol. 2, London, Longman, PP: 95-98.

22- Koocheki A.R., Soltani A., and Azizi M. 1997. Plant Ecophysiology (translate). Mashhad ACECR publications. 271 p.

23- Koocheki A.R., Nassiri Mahallati M., Khorramdel S., Anvarkhah S., Sabet Teimoori M., and Sanjani S. 2010. Study of growth indices of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) and sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) in both intercropping with additive and replacement. Journal of Agroecology, 2(1): 27-36. (In Persian with English Summary).

24- Malakooti J. 1996. Sustainable agriculture and yield increase whith fertilizer optimization in Iran, Publication research, education and agricultural extension. p 297.

25- Manaffee W.F., and Kloepper J.W. 1994. Applications of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria in sustainable agriculture.In: Soil biota management in sustainable farming syshoots, Pankburst, C. E. , Doube, B. M., Gupta, V. V. S. R., and Grace, P. R. (eds.), pp:23-31. CSLRO, pub. East Melbourne: Australia. Management. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 61: 877-883.

26- Menham N.J., Shipway P.A., and Scott R.K.S. 1981. The effects of seed size, autumn nitrogen and plant population density on the response to delayed sowing in winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.). The Journal of Agricultural Science, 96: 417-428.

27- Mohammadi A., Asghari H.R., and Gholami A. 2013. The effect of mycorrhiza fungi and Phosphorus fertilizer on some of growth indices chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Hashem Var. Journal of Agroecology, 5 (3): 263-271.

28- Morton J.F. 1987. Roselle. In: Fruits of Warm Climates, Florida Flair Books, Miami (Ed), USA, 281-286.

29- Research Station Agricultural Meteorology. 2014. Miandeh, Jiroft, Kerman, Iran.

30- Roberts Mc.Ca. 2005. Hibiscus production Manual (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) Herb Research Foundation.

31- Russel M.P., Wilhelm W.W., Olson R.A., and Power J.F. 1984. Growth analysis based on degree days. Crop Science, 24: 28-32.

32- Sarhadi M., Zand A., Baghstani M., Meibodi M.A. and Mohtasabi R. 2010. The effect of planting different methods of corn (Zea mays L.) to inhibit weed, growth index and corn seed yield. Pajouhesh & Sazandgi Journal, 88: 78 - 86. (In Persian with English Summary).

33- Sarmadnia Gh., and Koocheki A. 1989. Crop Physiology. Publications University of Mashhad. p 467.

34- Samiran R., Kusum A., Biman K.D., and Ayyanadar A. 2010. Effect of organic amendments of soil on growth and productivity of three common crops viz. Zea mays, Phaseolus vulgaris and, Abelmoschus esculentus. Applied Soil Ecology, 45, 78-84.

35- Sharma, R. 2004. Agro-Techniques of MedicinalPlants. Daya Publishing House, Delhi, p 264.

36- Siddique K.H.M., Belford R.K., Perry M.W., and Tennant D. 1989. Growth development and light interception of old and modern wheat cultivars in a mediterranian type environment. Australian Journal of Agriculture Research, 40: 473-487.

37- Sreevalli Y., Baskaran K., Chandrashekara R., kuikkarni R., Sushil Hasan A., Samresh D., Kukre J., Ashok A., Sharma Singh K., Srikant S., and Rakesh T. 2001. Preliminary observations on the effect of irrigation frequency and genotypes on yield and alkaloid concentration in Petriwinkle. Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Sciences, 22: 356-358.