بررسی اثر اسید هیومیک و اسید آمینه به صورت کود آبیاری بر صفات رشدی خیار ’سوپر دامینوس‘ (Cucumis sativus L.) تحت تنش خشکی

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• میثم نجفی ¹
• حسین آرویی ¹
• محمد حسین امینی فرد ²

¹ گروه علوم باغبانی و مهندسی فضای سبز، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

² گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بیرجند

https://doi.org/10.22067/jhs.2021.61892.0

چکیده

مواد هیومیکی از طریق تولید هورمون­های مختلف و نگهداری رطوبت در خاک کارایی مصرف آب در گیاه را افزایش می­دهند. در شرایط نامساعد محیطی عمل ساخت اسیدهای آمینه متوقف می­شود که مصرف اسیدهای آمینه به صورت کود، نیاز ساخت آن را توسط گیاه برطرف می­کند و این امکان را به گیاه می­دهد که انرژی ذخیره شده خود را صرف رشد بیشتر و بالا بردن عملکرد و کیفیت محصول نماید. به منظور بررسی تاثیر موادهیومیکی و اسید آمینه بر خصوصیات کمی و کیفی خیار مزرعه­ای رقم ’سوپر دامینوس‘ در شرایط خشکی آزمایشی در باغ تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد طراحی و اجرا گردید. این مطالعه به صورت طرح فاکتوریل در قالب بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با 6 تکرار انجام شد. عامل اول کوددهی در چهار سطح (شاهد، کاربرد اسید هیومیک در غلظت 200 پی­پی­ام، کاربرد اسید آمینه گلایسین و گلوتامیک اسید به میزان 6 لیتر در هکتار و کاربرد توام اسید هیومیک در غلظت 200 پی­پی­ام و اسید آمینه گلایسین و گلوتامیک اسید به میزان 6 لیتر در هکتار) و عامل دوم دور آبیاری در سه سطح 3، 5 و 7 روز بود. با توجه به نتایج مشخص گردید که اعمال تنش خشکی در خیار صفات رشدی مورد مطالعه را تحت تاثیر قرار داد. بدین صورت که با افزایش دور آبیاری از 3 به 7 روز، طول ریشه، قطر ساقه، وزن خشک بوته، طول میانگره و سطح برگ به شدت کاهش یافت. کاربرد اسید هیومیک به تنهایی در سطح تنش متوسط، طول ریشه (23/99 سانتی‌متر) را بهبود بخشید. کاربرد توام اسید هیومیک و اسید آمینه منجر به بهبود قطر ساقه (12/44 میلی‌متر)، طول میانگره (30/38 میلی متر) و وزن خشک بوته (46/43 گرم) در سطح تنش متوسط شد. در هنگام کاربرد اسید هیومیک به تنهایی و یا در ترکیب با اسید آمینه در سطح تنش متوسط، سطح برگ در گیاه حدود دو برابر افزایش یافت. وزن تر بوته، تعداد ساقه فرعی و طول بوته با افزایش سطح تنش نسبت به تیمار شاهد کاهش یافت. کاربرد توام اسید هیومیک و اسید آمینه نسبت به سایر تیمارهای آزمایش منجر به افزایش وزن تر بوته (174/44 گرم)، تعداد ساقه فرعی (6/72 گرم) و طول بوته (96/45 سانتی‌متر) نسبت به تیمار شاهد (عدم کاربرد کود) شد. صفات مرتبط با عملکرد مورد مطالعه در آزمایش به شدت تحت تاثیر اعمال تنش قرار گرفت. کاربرد اسید هیومیک وزن خشک میوه و قطر میوه را در سطح متوسط تنش بهبود بخشید. به طور کلی مشخص گردید که اعمال دور آبیاری هفت روز، رشد گیاه و تولید میوه را به شدت تحت تاثیر قرار داده و کاربرد انواع مختلف کود نتوانست در این سطح موثر واقع شود. اما در سطح تنش متوسط خشکی کاربرد اسید هیومیک توانست تا حدودی از اثرات منفی تنش بکاهد. به طور کلی، اسیدهیومیک و اسیدآمینه در شرایط تنش متوسط به منظور متعادل کردن اثرات نامطلوب تنش، قابل استفاده می­باشند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• دور آبیاری
• عملکرد
• صفات مورفولوژیک

20.1001.1.20084730.1400.35.4.6.2

موضوعات

• سبزیکاری

عنوان مقاله [English]

..Effects of Humic Acid and Amino Acid on some Growth Traits on Super Daminus Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) under Drought Stress

نویسندگان [English]

• Meisam Najafi ¹
• Hossein Arouiee ¹
• Mohammad Hossein Aminifard ²

¹ Department of Horticultural Science and Landscape, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad

² Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Birjand University

چکیده [English]

Introduction: The deficiency of organic matter in the soil is one of the factors limiting cultivating and growing of plants. While the organic matter is the main factor of soil fertility and the ideal organic matter content of agricultural soils is about 4-6% according to the experiments performed, this amount is very low in arid and desert areas such as those  in Iran. The significant capability of humic fertilizers in the rapid improvement of soil fertilization level is quite recognizable. Humic acid has a direct role in determining the producing potential of the soil. Humic substances can have a positive effect on plant growth in different ways. Humic acid results in an increasing nitrogen uptake by plants and stimulates and enhances the uptake of Ca, Mg, P, and K. By enhancing the resistance to environmental stresses, increasing chlorophyll concentration and thus affecting photosynthesis, amino acids are effective in plant growth and yield. Given the conditions that agriculture faces, drought is the main limiting factor of agricultural production in the present and future. Research has reported that the improvement of plant growth under stress conditions by application of humic substances and amino acid. The use of these factors that increase plant growth in stressful conditions and improve yield is a useful and effective method. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of organic fertilizers on growth traits of cucumber plants under drought stress.
Materials and Methods: In order to explore the effect of drought stress on cucumber plant, an experiment was carried out in the research field of agriculture faculty of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad in 2015-2016. This study was performed as a factorial design in a completely randomized block design with three replications. The first factor was fertilization at four levels (control, humic acid application (200 ppm), glycine amino acid and glutamic acid application (6 liters per hectare), and combined application of humic acid (200 ppm), glycine amino acid and glutamic acid (6 liters per hectare), and the second factor was irrigation at three levels of 3, 5 and 7 days. Furrows with 2 m apart, 40 cm deep, 50 cm wide and 20 m long were created. Following the soil irrigation, the cucumber seeds were planted on the edge of the experimental hills (4-5 seeds per hill) that were spaced 50 cm apart. The treatments were applied via irrigation at specified concentration. At the end of the experiment Morphophysiological traits were measured.
Results and Discussion: The results showed that drought stress reduced fresh and dry weights of plant, a number of branches, root length, stem length, and internode length. The amount of available water to plants affects their growth traits. Increasing irrigation interval decreased vegetative growth parameters in this plant, which is undoubtedly due to the lack of water available to the plant. Drought stress leads to stomata closure, plant wilt, swelling reduction, and reduced water content and total potential of the leaf, resulting in decreased cell division, especially in shoots and leaves. As a result, the first effects of dehydration in plants can be seen in their smaller leaf size and lower height than normal conditions. The highest level of drought stress (7 days) decreases all the traits. Unfortunately, the use of humic acid and acid amine had no effect on the highest levels of stress (7 days). The application of humic acid alone could improve the effects of drought stress on the plant. Humic acid enhances plant growth by affecting plant cell metabolism as well as chelating power, increasing nutrient uptake, and increasing nitrogen content. Experimental studies have shown that glycine betaine strengthens enzymatic structures and activities and protein components, and cell wall stability against the damaging effects of environmental stresses is considered to be one of its activities. It seems that organic matter and humic compounds including humic acid through positive physiological effects including effects on plant cells metabolism, increased leaf chlorophyll concentration, increased metabolism within cells, and increased durability of photosynthetic tissues (Increasing leaf durability) leads to increase of production performance and biomass production in plants.
Conclusion: The use of humic acid alone led to improved leaf area, root length, and other traits. These factors caused an improvement in the photosynthetic rate in the plant, resulting in improved yield and growth under drought stress conditions (increased irrigation intervals). The protective and moderating role of the humic acid application under drought stress is one of the reasons for growth improvement by these compounds. In general, the combined application of humic acid and amino acid in the form of irrigation fertilizer in cucumber under drought stress improved growth traits and prevented yield reduction.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Irrigation
• Morphological traits
• Yield

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