اثر ساکارز بر جنین‌زایی رویشی مستقیم مارچوبه اکتاپلوئید

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• زینب طوسی
• سید جواد موسوی زاده
• کامبیز مشایخی
• مهدی علیزاده

گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران

https://doi.org/10.22067/jhs.2021.70871.1061

چکیده

جنین­زایی رویشی، روش جدیدی برای ازدیاد گیاهان در شرایط درون شیشه­ای است. کارآیی روش جنین‌زایی رویشی به‌شدت به ترکیبات محیط کشت بستگی دارد. مانند ساکارز که متداول‌ترین منبع کربوهیدرات است که درکشت بافت گیاهی استفاده می‌شود .ساکارز محصول نهایی فتوسنتز و قند اولیه منتقل‌شده در آوند آبکش اکثر گیاهان است. به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر غلظت‌های مختلف ساکارز بر جنین‌زایی رویشی مارچوبه (Asparagus officinalis L.) اکتاپلوئید، آزمایشی با پنج تیمار ساکارز (3، 6، 9، 12 و 15 درصد) انجام پذیرفت. برای انجام این آزمایش ریزنمونه­های مارچوبه حاوی یک جوانه در محیط B₅ در فاز القایی جنین رویشی دارای هورمون 2, 4-D کشت شدند و بعد از دو هفته به فاز ظهور جنین منتقل گردیدند. در ادامه بعد از چهار هفته در مرحله ظهور جنین­ها، تعداد جنین­های رویشی تولیدشده در مراحل کروی شکل و قطبی در دو بزرگنمایی 20 و 40 میکرون، شمارش و عکس‌برداری شد و میزان تأثیر غلظت‌های ساکارز بر میزان رنگیزه­های فتوسنتزی و خصوصیات فیتوشیمیایی اندازه­گیری شد. نتایج به‌دست‌آمده نشان داد که اختلاف معنی­داری بین غلظت­های مختلف ساکارز از لحاظ تشکیل جنین­های رویشی گیاه مارچوبه وجود دارد. در غلظت 9 و 15 درصد ساکارز به­ترتیب بیش­ترین و کم­ترین تعداد جنین کروی و قلبی تشکیل شد. همچنین نتایج به­دست آمده از تجزیه و تحلیل رگرسیون بیانگر آن بود که در غلظت 9 درصد ساکارز بیش­ترین میزان رنگیزه­های فتوسنتزی و نشاسته مشاهده شد. درنهایت در این پژوهش مشخص شد که بهترین غلظت مؤثر بر جنین­زایی رویشی مارچوبه اکتاپلوئید، غلظت 9 درصد ساکارز می­باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• توفوردی
• جنین‌زایی
• رنگیزه‌های فتوسنتزی
• کربوهیدرات

20.1001.1.20084730.1401.36.4.8.1

موضوعات

• سبزیکاری

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Sucrose on Direct Somatic Embryogenesis of Octoploid Asparagus

نویسندگان [English]

• Zeinab Toosi
• Seyyed Javad Mousavizadeh
• Kambiz Mashayekhi
• Mehdi Alizade

Department of Horticultural Science, Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran

چکیده [English]

Introduction
 Asparagus, scientifically named Asparagus officinalis. L is a perennial plant belonging to the Asparagaceae family. Asparagus is a large genus in this genus that has about 200 species. The most important species for agricultural purposes is A. officinalis. Somatic embryogenesis is the formation of an embryo from an-asexual cell in vitro that similar to a seed embryo, is able to develop into a complete seedling. Somatic embryogenesis is a complex molecular and biochemical process based on cellular potentiogenicity and a model in the study of plant growth. In this unique process of embryogenesis, the growth cells acquire the capacity for embryogenesis under conditions of cellular stress. Sucrose is the predominant sugar in plants for energy production and facilitates vital functions. Sucrose is converted to glucose and glucose. Sucrose is the most common source of carbohydrates used in plant tissue culture.
Materials and Methods
 The present study was performed in the tissue culture laboratory of the horticulture department of Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources in 1399 and 1400. Native Iranian asparagus seeds with octaploid ploidy level were used in this experiment. B₅ medium containing 2, 4-D with a concentration of 2 mg /l was used to induce the embryo. Concentrations of 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15% in liquid medium were used to evaluate the effect of sucrose. The pH of the culture media were adjusted to 5.7. After the induction phase, the samples entered the realization phase and the subculture were cultured in the previous environments but with the aim of emerging the embryos (realization phase) while the hormone was removed from them. After 4 weeks in the embryonic development stage, the number of globular and bipolar embryos was observed using a computer-connected stereoscope at 20 and 40 micron magnifications.
Results and Discussion
The results obtained from this study showed that there is a significant difference between different concentrations of sucrose in terms of embryogenesis formation at different stages of embryogenesis. According to the presented results, change in sucrose concentration caused a change in the formation of embryos and the highest number of spherical embryos was observed with a significant difference (p <0.001) in 9% sucrose concentration. According to the comparison results, the concentration of 9% sucrose showed the highest amount of bipolar embryo among other different concentrations. Statistical results of photosynthetic pigments and anthocyanins showed that there was a significant difference between different concentrations of sucrose. As shown in Figures 2 and 3, the highest levels of chlorophyll a, b, total and carotenoids were observed at a concentration of 9% sucrose and the lowest amount of chlorophyll a at concentration of 12% and total chlorophyll and carotenoids at concentration of 3%. Also, the results obtained from regression analysis showed that the highest amount of photosynthetic pigments and starch was observed in 9% sucrose concentration. Finally, in this study, it was found that the best concentration affecting the vegetative embryogenesis of octaploid asparagus is 9% sucrose.
 
Conclusion
 Carbohydrates are the main constituents of the plant and are most used in tissue culture medium, especially sucrose for growth and differentiation. It is noteworthy that high concentrations of sucrose are not only nutritional but also change the osmotic pressure in the culture medium. The relationship between glucose status and embryonic formation has been proven. In the meantime, the capacity of sucrose to support embryonic growth is greater, so that increasing sugars such as sucrose increase the potential for embryogenesis. According to the results of the present study, 9% sucrose in B5 culture medium showed an important role in chlorophyll production and caused photosynthesis and carbohydrate metabolism in this medium to increase, and as a result, the amount of sugar and its accumulation in culture explants. Increased in this medium and eventually caused the emergence of embryos with photosynthetic pigments in the resulting seedlings. Increasing the level of sucrose also prevents rapid germination and helps the development of the root system.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• 2
• 4-D
• Carbohydrate
• Embryogenesis
• Photosynthetic pigments

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