بهبود فعالیت‌های آنتی‌اکسیدانی گیاه دارویی ریحان تحت تأثیر گونه‌های مختلف قارچ میکوریزا در شرایط تنش کم‌آبی

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• مینا امانی ¹
• محسن سبزی نوجه ده ²
• سعیده علیزاده سالطه ¹
• مهدی یونسی حمزه خانلو ²
• بیوک آقا فرمانی ³
• حسین هاتف هریس ⁴
• شیوا محمدیان ⁵
• سودا پیرطریقت ⁵

¹ گروه علوم و مهندسی باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران

² گروه علوم و مهندسی باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی اهر، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران

³ گروه علوم و صنایع غذایی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی اهر، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران

⁴ گروه اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران

⁵ دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی اهر، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران

https://doi.org/10.22067/jhs.2022.76064.1157

چکیده

کمبود آب یکی از عوامل محدودکننده رشد و عملکرد گیاهان می­باشد که به ویژه در مناطق خشک و نیمه خشک جهان از جمله ایران به طرق مختلف باعث محدودیت کاشت گیاهان و کاهش عملکرد محصول می­شود. بهره­گیری از رابطه همزیستی گیاه با قارچ‌های میکوریزای آربوسکول‌دار یکی از راهکارهای کاهش تنش کم­آبی در گیاهان به شمار می‌رود. مطالعه حاضر با ‏هدف ارزیابی برخی از صفات فیزیولوژیکی گیاه دارویی ‏ریحان ‎در شرایط گلخانه­‏‎ای تحت تأثیر سطوح مختلف کم­آبی به همراه سه گونه ‏قارچ میکوریزا به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح ‏پایه بلوک‎‏­‏‎های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در شرایط گلخانه­ای انجام گرفت. فاکتورهای ‏آزمایشی شامل تنش کم آبی در سه سطح (تنش شدید: 25 درصد طرفیت مزرعه­ای؛ تنش متوسط: 50 درصد طرفیت مزرعه­ای؛ تنش ملایم: 75 درصد طرفیت مزرعه­ای؛ و تیمار شاهد: 100 درصد ‏ظرفیت ‏مزرعه­ای؛ و سه گونه قارچ میکوریزا شامل Glomus intraradices‎، ‏‏Glomus mosseae،‏‎Glomus etunicatum ‎‏ ‏به میزان 30 گرم در هر گلدان و تیمار شاهد (بدون تلقیح قارچ) بود. ‏مطابق نتایج به دست آمده ‏افزایش سطح تنش ‏کم­آبی باعث کاهش رشد گیاهان گردید. همزیستی با میکوریزا باعث ‏کاهش اثرات مخرب تنش کم‌آبی بر گیاه شد. ‏با اعمال تنش کم­آبی میزان مالون دی آلدهید، آنزیم کاتالاز و پراکسیداز، فعالیت آنتی­‏اکسیدانی و فلاونوئید کل افزایش و ‏فنول ‏کل کاهش یافت. با توجه به نتایج آزمایش می­توان بیان کرد که ‏G. mosseae‏ در مقایسه با سایر گونه­ها تأثیر بیشتری در ‏بهبود ‏اثرات سوء ناشی از تنش کم­آبی در اکثر صفات مورد ارزیابی داشت. درحالی­که تأثیر قارچ ‏G. intraradicse‏ بر فلاونوئید کل، آنزیم کاتالاز و پراکسیداز بالاتر از گونه ‏G. mosseae‏ بود. در نهایت نتایج ‏مشخص کرد که استفاده از قارچ میکوریزا در ‏مقایسه ‏با شاهد (بدون تلقیح با قارچ)‏‎ ‎می‎­‎تواند‎ ‎ابزار مناسبی ‏برای بهبود صفات فیزیولوژیکی و فعالیت­های آنتی­اکسیدانی در ‏شرایط تنش کم‎­‎آبی باشد. ‏

کلیدواژه‌ها

• آنزیم پراکسیداز
• آنزیم کاتالاز
• فلاونوئید
• فنول کل
• کمبود آب

20.1001.1.20084730.1402.37.2.7.3

موضوعات

• گیاهان دارویی

عنوان مقاله [English]

Improving the Antioxidant Activities of Sweet Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) under the Influence of Different Species of Mycorrhiza under Water Stress

نویسندگان [English]

• Mina Amani ¹
• Mohsen Sabzi-Nojadeh ²
• Saeideh Alizadeh Salteh ¹
• Mehdi Younessi Hamzekhanlu ²
• Biukagha Farmani ³
• Hossein Hatef Heris ⁴
• Shiva Mohammadian ⁵
• Sevda Piretarighat ⁵

¹ PhD Student in Production and Department of Horticultural ‎Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran

² Department of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Ahar Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran

³ Department of Food Science and Technology, Ahar Faculty of Agriculture and Natural ‎Resource, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran

⁴ Dept. of Plant Ecophysiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran

⁵ Ahar School of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran

چکیده [English]

Introduction
 Medicinal plants have long had a special role in the traditional ‎agricultural system of Iran and the use of these plants as medicine to prevent and treat diseases has been considered by ‎traditional medicine experts since ancient times. Medicinal plants with rich sources of secondary metabolites provide the ‎basic active ingredients of many medicines. Although the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites is genetically controlled, ‎but their construction is strongly influenced by environmental factors. One of the important climatic factors that affect the ‎distribution of plants around the world and can cause morphological, physiological and biochemical changes in the plant is ‎the lack of available water. Basil seems to show little resistance to water stress. For this reason, there is a need for protective mechanisms for the ‎basil plant against stress due to water shortage. Plants are able to reduce or eliminate the effects of water shortage ‎stress by coexisting with a number of soil microorganisms. Inoculation of the plants with Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) has been exploited as an applicable strategy for reducing detrimental effects of water deficit stress. Present study was performed to evaluate the effects of three AMF on some physiological responses of Ocimum basilicum under water deficit stress.
 
Materials and Methods
 The pot experiments were conducted as factorial based on completely randomized design blocks with three replications. The experimental factors were three AMF namely Glomus etunicatum, Glomus mosseae and Glomus intraradices and various soil moisture including severe stress, moderate stress, mild stress. Water stress was applied from the beginning to the end of flowering stage. After flowering stage, plants ‎were harvested and traits such as total phenols and flavonoids, antioxidant ‎capacity (DPPH), malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase and peroxidase enzymes were measured. To analyze the data, first the test of data normality and uniformity of variance within the treatment was performed and confirmed. The mean of treatments was compared by Duncan test at the level of 5% probability. SAS software (Ver. 9.3) was used to analyze the data and Excel software was used to draw the graphs.
 
Results and Discussion
 The results of analysis of variance of the effect of mycorrhiza fungus and soil moisture on the studied parameters show that the effect of different levels of soil moisture on all traits was significant. The results of analysis of variance also showed that the effect of mycorrhiza on phenol and total flavonoids, antioxidant activity, catalase and peroxidase and malondialdehyde was significant at the level of one percent probability. According to the results of analysis of variance, the interaction effect of mycorrhiza on soil moisture on antioxidant activity was significant at 5% probability level and on total phenols and flavonoids, malondialdehyde, catalase and peroxidase at 1% probability level. Results showed that AMFs improve activity of catalase and peroxidase, antioxidant capacity and total phenols which led to decrease malondialdehyde content. Antioxidants as physiologically active compounds play an important role in plant resistance to stress. Increased oxygen species due to dehydration stress are a warning sign for plants and increase the activity of antioxidant enzymes. The plant's defense system increases the production of antioxidant enzymes to neutralize toxic oxygen forms, and fungi improve the intensity of this increase, which may be due to the chemical structure of the metal isoenzymes copper, zinc, and manganese. Factors sent to make antioxidant enzymes also contain the elements zinc and calcium. Mycorrhizal fungi increase the absorption of nutrients by sending more hormonal factors and increasing the activity of enzymes, all of which can be effective in increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes.
 
Conclusion
 When plants are exposed to dehydration stress, reactive oxygen species in them increase. The expression of antioxidant genes and the activity of antioxidants to eliminate reactive oxygen species are increased and the antioxidant defense system is improved and the tolerance to dehydration stress in the plant is increased. Scientists believe that peroxidase is involved in metabolic processes such as hormone catabolism, defense against pathogens, phenol oxidation, binding to cell structural proteins and cell wall polysaccharides. Present study revealed that application of AMFs can be good strategy for reducing harmful effects of water deficit stress in plants. Research has also shown that impregnating seeds with mycorrhiza increases antioxidants and reduces the amount of reactive oxygen species, a characteristic of resistance induction that occurs by this antagonist.   ‎
   ‎

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Catalase enzyme
• Dehydration
• Flavonoid
• Peroxidase enzyme
• Total phenol

مراجع

1. Abdullaev, F.I., & Espinosa-Aguirre, J.J. (2004). Biomedical properties of saffron and its potential use in cancer therapy and chemoprevention trials. Cancer Detection and Prevention, 28(6), 426-432. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cdp.2004.09.002
2. Ajay, A., Sairam, R.K., & Srivastava, G.C. (2002). Oxidative stress and antioxidative system in plants. Current Science, 8282(10), 122-123.
3. Ali Asgharzad, N. (2000). Distribution and population density of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in saline soils of Tabriz plain and determining the effects of inoculation on improving onion and barley tolerance to salinity stress. Ph.D Disertation, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tehran. (In Persian)
4. Auge, R.M. (2001). Water relations, drought and vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis, Mycorrhiza, 11(1), 30-42. https://doi.org/10.1007/s005720100097
5. Bairwa, R.C., & Kaushik, M.K. (2010). Response of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum ) varieties to fertility levels and growth regulators on productivity, profitability and quality. Journal of Progressive Agriculture, 1(1), 65-67.
6. Baum, C., El-Tohamy, W., & Gruda, N. (2015). Increasing the productivity and product quality of vegetable crops using arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, A review. Scientia Horticulturae, 187, 131-141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2015.03.002
7. Chance, B., & Maehly, A.C. (1955). Assays of Catalases and Peroxidases. In: Methods in Enzymology, (Colowick, S.P. and Kaplan, N.O., eds.) Academic Press, New York, 764-775. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0076-6879(55)02300-8
8. Chang, C.C., Yang, M.H., Wen, H.M., & Chern, J.C. (2002). Estimation of total flavonoid content in propolis by two complementary colorimetric methods. Journal of Food and Drug Analysis, 10(3), 178-182.
9. Dadrasan, M., Chaichi, M.R., Pourbabaee, A.A., Yazdani, D., & Keshavarz-Afshar, R. (2015). Deficit irrigation and biological fertilizer influence on yield and Trigonelline production of fenugreek. Industrial Crops and Products, 77, 156-162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2015.08.040
10. Darzi, M.T., Ghalavand, A., Rejali, F., & Sefidkon, F. (2006). Effects of Biofertilizers Application on Yield and Yield Components in Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare ). Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 22(4), 276-292. (In Persian)
11. Dehghan, G., & Khoshkam, Z. (2012). Tin (II)-quercetin complex: Synthesis, spectral characterization and antioxidant activity. Food Chemistry, 131(2), 422-427. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.08.074
12. Du, G., Li, M., Ma, F., & Liang, D. (2009). Antioxidant capacity and the relationship with polyphenol and vitamin C in Actinidia fruits. Food Chemistry, 113(2), 557-562. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.08.025
13. Fazeli, A., Zarei, B., & Tahmasebi, Z. (2018). The effect of salinity stress and salicylic acid on some physiological and biochemical traits of Black cumin (Nigella sativa ). Iranian Journal of Plant Biology, 9(4), 69-83. (In Persian). https://doi.org/10.22108/ijpb.2018.104605.1029
14. Gill, S.S., & Tuteja, N. (2010). Reactive oxygen species and antioxidant machinery in abiotic stress tolerance in crop plants. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 48(12), 909-930. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2010.08.016
15. Habibzadeh, Y., Jalilian, J., Zardashti, M.R., Pirzad, A., & Eini, O. (2015). Some morpho-physiological characteristics of Mung Bean mycorrhizal plant under different irrigation regimes in field condition. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 38(11), 1754-1767. https://doi.org/10.1080/01904167.2015.1043374
16. Hasanuzzaman, M., Nahar, K., Gill, S.S., & Fujita, M. (2013). Drought stress responses in plants, oxidative stress, and antioxidant defense. Climate Change and Plant Abiotic Stress Tolerance, 4(1), 209-250. https://doi.org/10.1002/9783527675265.ch09
17. Heidari, Z., Nazarideljou, M.J., Rezaie Danesh, Y., & Khezrinejad, N. (2016). Morphophysiological and biochemical responses of Zinnia elegans to different irrigation regimes in symbiosis with Glomus mosseae. International Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology, 3(1), 19-32.
18. Irankhah, S. (2014). The effect of Arbuscular mycorrhiza vesicular fungus and growth-promoting bacteria and drought stress on morphophysiological and biochemical properties of fenugreek. Master Thesis in Plant Physiology, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. (In Persian)
19. Jaleel, C.A., Gopi, B., Sankar, P., Manivannan, A., Kishorekumar, R.S., & Panneers, L. (2007). Studies on germination, seedling vigour, lipid peroxidation and proline metabolism in Catharanthus roseus seedling under salt stress. South African Journal of Botany, 73(2), 190-195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2006.11.001
20. Kormanik, P.P., & McGraw, A.C. (1982). Quantification of vesicular-arbusculare mycorrhiza in plant roots. In: N. C. Schneck(ed.) Methods and principles of mycorrhizal research. American Phytopathological Society, 37-45.
21. Koucheki, A., Nasiri Mohalati, M., Mondani, F., & Khorramdel, S. (2012). New Aspect on Ecological physiological aspects of crop plants, 1st ed. Ferdowsi Mashhad University. Press, Ferdowsi Mashhad (Iran) pp. 613.
22. Liu, J., Xie, X., Du, J., Sun, J., & Bai, X. (2008). Effects of simultaneous drought and heat stress on Kentucky bluegrass. Scientia Horticulturae, 115(2), 190-195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2007.08.003
23. Mo, Y., Wang, Y., Yang, R., Zheng, J., Liu, C., Li, H., & Zhang, X. (2016). Regulation of plant growth, photosynthesis, antioxidation and osmosis by an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus in watermelon seedlings under well-watered and drought conditions. Frontiers in Plant Science, 7, 644. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2016.00644
24. Naseem, H., & Bano, A. (2014). Role of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria and their exopolysaccharide in drought tolerance of maize. Journal of Plant Interactions, 9(1), 689-701. https://doi.org/10.1080/17429145.2014.902125
25. Omidbaigi, R., Hassani, A., & Sefidkon, F. (2003). Essential oil content and composition of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum) at different irrigation regimes. Journal of Essential oil Bearing Plants, 6(2), 104-108. https://doi.org/10.1080/0972-060X.2003.10643335
26. Rahimi, Y., Taleei, A., & Ranjbar, M. (2019). Biochemical changes of peppermint under drought stress condition. Iranian Journal of Field Crop Science, 50(2), 59-75. (In Persian). http://dx.doi.org/10.22059/ijfcs.2018.239868.654367
27. Ruíz-Sánchez, M., Armada, E., Muñoz, Y., de Salamone, I. E. G., Aroca, R., Ruíz-Lozano, J. M., & Azcón, R. (2011). Azospirillum and arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization enhance rice growth and physiological traits under well-watered and drought conditions. Journal of Plant Physiology, 168(10), 1031-1037. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jplph.2010.12.019
28. Sharma, K.D., & Kuhad, M.S. (2006). Influence of potassium level and soil moisture regime on biochemical metabolites of BrassicaBrassica Journal, 8, 71-74.
29. Siddiqui, M.H., Mohammad, F., Khan, M.N., Al-Whaibi, M.H., & Bahkali, A.H. (2010). Nitrogen in relation to photosynthetic capacity and accumulation of osmoprotectant and nutrients in Brassica genotypes grown under salt stress. Agricultural Sciences in China, 9(5), 671-680. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1671-2927(09)60142-5
30. Smith, S.E., Facelli, E., Pope, S., & Andrew Smith, F. (2010). Plant performance in stressful environments: interpreting new and established knowledge of the roles of arbuscular mycorrhizas. Plant and Soil, 326, 3-20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-009-9981-5
31. Subramanian, K.S., Santhanakrishnan, P., & Balasubramanian, P. (2006). Responses of field grown tomato plants to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal colonization under varying intensities of drought stress. Scientia Horticulturae, 107(3), 245-253. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2005.07.006
32. Tattini, M., Galardi, C., Pinelli, P., Massai, R., Remorini, D., & Agati, G. (2004). Differential accumulation of flavonoids and hydroxycinnamates in leaves of Ligustrum vulgare under excess light and drought stress. New Phytologist, 163(3), 547-561. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2004.01126.x
33. Wu, Q.S., & Xia, R.X. (2006). Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi influence growth, osmotic adjustment and photosynthesis of citrus under well-watered and water stress conditions. Journal of Plant Physiology, 163(4), 417-425. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jplph.2005.04.024
34. Zhang, Z., Huber, D.J., & Rao, J. (2013). Antioxidant systems of ripening avocado (Persea americana ) fruit following treatment at the preclimacteric stage with aqueous 1-methylcyclopropene. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 76, 58-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.postharvbio.2012.09.003
35. Zheng, X.L., Tian, S.P., Xu, Y., & Li, B.Q. (2005). Effects of exogenous oxalic acid on ripening and decay incidence in mango fruit during storage at controlled atmosphere. Journal of Fruit Science, 22(4), 351-355. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.postharvbio.2007.01.016