بررسی تأثیر کودهای آلی و شیمیایی بر عملکرد برگ، درصد و اجزای اسانس به لیمو (Lippia citriodora Kunth)

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• محمدتقی عبادی ¹
• مجید عزیزی ²
• فاطمه سفیدکن ³
• نوراله احمدی ⁴

¹ Tarbiat Modares

² دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

³ مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور

⁴ دانشگاه تربیت مدرس

https://doi.org/10.22067/jhorts4.v30i2.41574

چکیده

با توجه به افزایش تقاضا در بازار در حال رشد فرآورده‌های دارویی با منشا گیاهی، تولید ارگانیک و ارتقاء کیفیت ماده‌ی خام اولیه بایستی اولین هدف جهت توسعه‌ی این محصولات باشد. در این راستا آزمایشی گلدانی بر پایه طرح کاملاً تصادفی با شش تیمار و سه تکرار بر روی گیاه دارویی به لیمو در سال ۱۳91 و در گلخانه تحقیقاتی گروه علوم باغبانی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه تربیت مدرس صورت پذیرفت. تیمارها شامل استفاده از ورمی‌کمپوست به میزان 10، 20 و 30 درصد حجم گلدان، ورمی‌واش، کودکامل و شاهد (بدون کود) بودند. پس از برداشت برگ‌ها در مرحله شروع گلدهی، اسانس آن‌ها استخراج شد و سپس به‌وسیله دستگاه GC و GC/MS مورد تجزیه قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین عملکرد برگ (73/7 گرم) و میزان اسانس (1/1 درصد) مربوط به تیمار استفاده از 30 درصد ورمی‌کمپوست در گلدان بود و کمترین عملکرد برگ (75/4 گرم) و محتوای اسانس (8/0 درصد) به تیمار شاهد تعلق داشت. در بررسی اجزای اسانس، بیشترین میزان سیترال (9/54 درصد) متعلق به تیمار کود کامل بود ولی بیشترین میزان لیمونن و 8/1 سینئول (به ترتیب 4/7 و 8/8 درصد) در تیمار استفاده از 30 درصد ورمی‌کمپوست در گلدان مشاهده شد. همچنین در بررسی گروه‌های اجزای اسانس، تیمار 30 درصد ورمی‌کمپوست بیشترین مقادیر مونوترپن های هیدروکربنی و اکسیژن‌دار (به ترتیب 4/12 و 3/63 درصد) را به خود اختصاص داد. با توجه به نتایج این تحقیق به نظر می‌رسد که کود ورمی کمپوست می‌تواند به عنوان جایگزین مطلوب کودهای شیمیایی در راستای تولید ارگانیک به لیمو با کمیت و کیفیت مواد موثره بالا استفاده شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• سیترال
• گیاه دارویی
• ورمی‌کمپوست
• ورمی‌واش

20.1001.1.20084730.1395.30.2.7.4

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effects of Organic and Chemical Fertilizers on Leaf Yield, Essential Oil Content and Composition of Lemon Verbena (Lippia citriodora Kunth)

نویسندگان [English]

• Mohammadtaghi Ebadi ¹
• Majid Azizi ²
• Fatemeh Sefidkon ³
• Noorollah Ahmadi ⁴

¹

² Ferdowsi University of Mashhad

³ Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Tehran

⁴ Tarbiat Modares University

چکیده [English]

Introduction: Organic fertilizers with beneficial effects on soil structure and nutrient availability help maintain yield and quality, and they are less costly than synthetic fertilizers. Vermicompost and vermiwash are two organic fertilizers that they contain a biologically active mixture of bacteria, enzymes and phytohormones, also these organic fertilizers can supply the nutritional needs of plants. Lemon verbena (Lippia citriodora Kunth, Verbenaceae) is an evergreen perennial aromatic plant. The lemon-scented essential oil from the lemon verbena has been widely used for its digestive, relaxing, antimalarial and lemony flavor properties. In order to decrease the use of chemical fertilizers for reduction of environmental pollution, this research was undertaken to determine effects of vermicompost and vermiwash in comparison with chemical fertilizer on leaf yield, essential oil content and composition of lemon verbena.
Materials and Methods: A pot experiment based on a completely randomized design with six treatments and three replications on Lemon verbena was carried out in the experimental greenhouse of the Department of Horticulture Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, 2012. Treatments consisted of 10, 20 and 30 % by volume of vermicompost and vermiwash (with an addition to irrigation in three steps, including: two weeks after the establishment of plants in pots, the appearing of branches and three weeks before harvest), complete fertilizer and control without any fertilizer. Each replication contained six pots and each pot contained one plant of Lemon verbena provided from Institute of Medicinal Plants, Karaj, therefore 108 pots were used in this experiment. The pots were filled up by a mixture contained 3/5 soil and 2/5 sand (v/v). After three months, plant aerial parts were harvested concomitantly at starting of the flowering stage. Aerial parts were dried at room temperature for 72 hours and dry weights of dried branches and leaves were measured. For isolation of essential oils, about 20 g of dried leaves (three replications of each treatment) was subjected to hydro-distillation for 2 h with a Clevenger apparatus. The extracted essential oils were dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate and then they analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The data were subjected to analysis of variance using SAS software and means compared with Duncan's multiple range test.
Results and Discussion: The results showed that differences between treated plants with organic fertilizers were not significant for aerial part yield, but leaf yield and essential oil content were affected by fertilizer type (p

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Citral
• Medicinal plant
• Vermicompost
• Vermiwash

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