بررسی خصوصیات ادافیکی، مورفولوژیکی و فیتوشیمیایی جمعیت‌های وحشی گیاه گلدر (Otostegia persica B.) در رویشگاه‌های بلوچستان، ایران

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• منیره نعمتی نژاد ¹
• عبدالشکور رئیسی ²
• محمد رضا اصغری پور ³
• فاطمه نصرتی ¹

¹ گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران

² دانشگاه ولایت ایرانشهر، ایرانشهر، ایران

³ گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران

https://doi.org/10.22067/jhs.2021.70495.1053

چکیده

عوامل محیطی از مهمترین فاکتورهای مؤثر بر صفات کمی و کیفی گیاهان دارویی است. این پژوهش در سال 1397 با هدف بررسی برخی ویژگی‌های ادافیکی، مورفولوژیکی و فیتوشیمیایی گیاه گلدر در رویشگاه­های طبیعی بلوچستان در قالب طرح آشیانه­ای به صورت کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار به اجرا در آمد. صفاتی نظیر اجزاء اسانس برگ و گل جمعیت کوه بیرک مهرستان نیز مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. مناطق مورد بررسی عبارت بودند از، 1- سراوان (روستاهای کوه سونط و ناهوک)، 2- خاش (روستاهای کوه پنج انگشت و پشت کوه)، 3- سرباز (روستاهای پادیک و مرکز سرباز کلات) و 4- مهرستان (روستاهای زرد و کوه بیرک) بودند. نتایج نشان داد که کمترین (80/7) و بیشترین (50/8) سطح pH به ترتیب در زرد و کوه­بیرک از شهرستان مهرستان، حداقل (29/1) و حداکثر (38/4) میزان EC به ترتیب در پنج انگشت و ناهوک، کمترین (53/43 دسی­زیمنس بر متر) و بیشترین (73/50 دسی­زیمنس بر متر) سطح Na به ترتیب در کوه بیرک و ناهوک، بیشترین میزان N  و P در پشت­کوه خاش، بیشترین مقدار K کل، K قابل جذب و بیشترین درصد سیلت در منطقه کوه سونط سراوان اندازه­گیری شد. حداکثر فاصله میانگره، طول دمبرگ، طول و عرض برگ و تعداد شاخه­های اصلی و شاخه­های فرعی در منطقه کوه­بیرک شهرستان مهرستان و بیشترین ارتفاع گیاه در منطقه ناهوک سراوان وجود داشت. حداکثر میزان فلاونوئیدهای برگ و فلاونوئید ریشه (به ترتیب 83/1 و 11/0 میلی‌گرم کوئرستین بر گرم وزن نمونه) و فنل ساقه (86/1 میلی­گرم گالیک اسید بر گرم وزن نمونه) در منطقه پنج انگشت شهرستان خاش، بیشترین میزان فلاونوئید ساقه و ریشه (به ترتیب 45/0 و 11/0 کوئرستین بر گرم وزن نمونه) در منطقه زرد شهرستان مهرستان، بیشترین فنل برگ (38/2 میلی­گرم گالیک اسید بر گرم وزن نمونه) و کربوهیدرات ریشه (73/1 میلی­گرم بر گرم) در منطقه پشت کوه خاش و حداکثر میزان کربوهیدرات برگ (99/1 میلی‌گرم بر گرم) در منطقه کوه­سونط سراوان بدست آمد. آنالیز ترکیبات شیمیایی اسانس تعداد 12 ترکیب در برگ و ۳۱ ترکیب در گل را نشان داد. بیشترین اجزاء اسانس در برگ و گل به ترتیب Thymol با سهم 12 درصدی و Benzene, 1-(1,5-dimethyl-4-hexenyl)-4-methyl- (CAS)) با سهم 13 درصدی بودند. به طور کلی نتایج حاصل از این پژوهش نشان داد در بین جمعیت­های مورد مطالعه از نظر تمام ویژگی­های مورد بررسی تنوع قابل ملاحظه­ای وجود داشت که نشان می­دهد عوامل محیطی همانند عوامل ژنتیکی در ایجاد تنوع در خصوصیات مورفولوژیکی و فیتوشیمیایی این گیاه موثر هستند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• اسانس
• صفات رویشی
• عناصر
• فلاونوئید

20.1001.1.20084730.1401.36.2.8.7

موضوعات

• گیاهان دارویی

عنوان مقاله [English]

Study of Edaphic, Morphological and Phytochemical Components of Wild Population of Otostegia persica B. in Habitats of Baluchistan, Iran

نویسندگان [English]

• Monireh Nematinejad ¹
• Abdolshakoor Raissi ²
• Mohammad Reza Asgharipour ³
• Fatemeh Nosrati ¹

¹ Faculty of Agriculture, Zabol University, Zabol, Iran

² Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Velayat University, Iranshahr, Iran

³ Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran

چکیده [English]

Introduction
 One of the most important factors affecting the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of plants are genetic and environmental factors and their interactions. Golder (Otostegia persica Boiss.) is one of the endemic species of Iran and is in the list of top 10 medicinal plants used in Baluchistan, Iran. Therefore, in this study, some morphological and phytochemical characteristics of this plant were investigated in the natural habitats of Baluhistan. Essential oil components of leaves and flowers of Kooh birk-Mehrestan population also measured. Also, with the aim of investigating the soil properties on the establishment and growth characteristics of Golder, the soil edaphic characteristics of plant communities were evaluated.
Materials and Methods
 This study was conducted in 2017 in some natural habitats of Baluchistan, Iran. Research was performed in the form of a nested plan as completely random design with three replications in the cities of 1- Saravan (Villages of Kooh Sont and Nahuk), 2- Khash (Villages of Panj Angisht and Posht Kuh), 3- Sarbaz (Padik village and Kalat Sarbaz) and 4-Mehrestan (Villages of Zard and Birk kooh) using field survey. Edaphic traits such as soil texture and chemistry were measured. Morphological traits including plant height, internode distance, leaf length and width were measured using instruments such as graduated rulers and calipers. Phytochemical traits including Phenol, Flavonoids and Carbohydrates in different parts of the plant and also the components of essential oils in leaves and flowers were studied. Soluble carbohydrate by Coles and Ansel method, photosynthetic pigments by Arnon method, total phenols with fullene-cicalto reagent by McDonald method, Flavonoids by aluminum chloride colorimetric method and adsorption of any reaction compound at 415 nm wavelength by spectrophotometer were measured. Data analysis was performed by SAS software (version 9.2) and the means were compared by Duncan's multiple range test at 5% level.
Results
 The lowest (7.80) and highest (8.50) pH levels were measured in Zard and Kooh Birk respectively. Lowest (1.29) and highest (4.38) EC levels in Panj angosht and Nahuk respectively, the lowest (43.53(dS m^-1)) and highest (50.73(dS m^-1)) Na levels in Kooh Birk and Nahuk respectively, the highest N (11.10%) and P (0.32 (ppm)) in the Posht kooh of Khash, the highest amount of total K (62.20 (ppm)), absorbable K (72.17(ppm)) and the highest percentage of silt (38.30) were obtained in the Kooh sont area of Saravan. In evaluating the growth characteristics of plant in different regions, the maximum internode distance, highest number of lateral branches, petiole length, leaf length and width and number of main branches in Kooh Birk region of Mehrestan city and highest plant height in Nahuk region of Saravan city were measured. Comparing the amount of phytochemical compounds in different organs of this plant, it was observed that the highest amount of flavonoids is present in the leaves and the highest amount of phenols and carbohydrates are present in the stem. The lowest amount of all three compounds was measured at the root. Maximum amount of leaf Flavonoids (1.83 mgQE/g), stem Phenol (mg GAE/g 1.86) and root Flavonoid (0.11 mgQE/g) in Panj angosht area of ​​Khash city, stem and root Flavonoids (0.45mgQE/g and 0.11mgQE/g) and stem Carbohydrate (1.99 mg/g) in Zard area of ​​Mehrestan city, leaf Phenol (mgGAE/g 2.38) and root carbohydrate (1.73 mg/g) in Posht kooh region of Khash, and maximum amount of leaf carbohydrates (1.99 mg/g) in Kooh sont area of Saravan were obtained. Analysis of the chemical composition of the essential oil using a gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) showed 12 compounds per leaf and 31 compounds per flower. The highest and lowest essential oil components were Thymol (12.0%) and Decane (2.1%), respectively. Also, the highest and lowest components of essential oils in flowers were Benzene, 1- (1,5-dimethyl-4-hexenyl) -4-methyl- (CAS)) (13.0%) and (0.4%), respectively. Therefore, the lowest essential ingredient was Decane, both in leaves and flowers. In general, the results of this study showed that there is a considerable diversity among the studied populations in terms of all the studied characteristics. This indicates that environmental factors similar to genetic factors are effective in creating diversity in morphological and phytochemical characteristics of this plant.
Conclusion
 In general, the results of this experiment showed that the habitats of Khash are better in terms of soil chemistry and major phytochemical traits. Kooh birk region is the best area for harvesting the aerial parts of this plant.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Elements
• Essence components
• Flavonoid
• Morphology

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