بررسی نانو دی‌اکسید تیتانیوم بر ویژگی‌های مورفولوژیک و بیوشیمیایی برخی از رقم‌های توت‌فرنگی در شرایط کشت هیدروپونیک

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• فاطمه جوان
• یحیی سلاح ورزی
• مریم کمالی

گروه علوم باغبانی و مهندسی فضای سبز, دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

https://doi.org/10.22067/jhs.2022.77464.1183

چکیده

توت­فرنگی به دلیل عطر، طعم و دارا بودن ارزش غذایی بالا جایگاه خود را در رژیم غذایی میلیون­ها نفر در جهان پیدا کرده است. امروزه عواملی از قبیل تغیرات آب و هوایی، محدود شدن منابع آب و خاک، افزایش آلودگی محیط زیست، مشکلاتی در زمینه کشاورزی و تولید غذای کافی و سالم به وجود آورده است. از این رو دانشمندان برای غلبه بر این مشکلات ابزارهای گوناگونی به کار می­برند که از آن جمله می­توان به فناوری نانو اشاره نمود. به همین منظور پژوهشی برای بررسی تأثیر محلول­پاشی نانو دی­اکسید تیتانیوم بر برخی ویژگی­های مورفولوژیک و بیوشیمیایی در چهار رقم توت­فرنگی در گلخانه هیدروپونیک گروه علوم باغبانی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد در سال 1400-1399 اجرا شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل چهار سطح نانو دی­اکسید تیتانیوم (صفر، 5، 10 و 20 میلی­گرم بر لیتر) و چهار رقم توت­فرنگی (’سابرینا‘، ’پاروس‘، ’گاویوتا‘ و’ کاماروسا‘) بود. آزمایش به صورت فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح کاملاً تصادفی با چهار تکرار انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که اختلاف معنی­داری بین ارقام مورد مطالعه از نظر صفات مورد بررسی وجود داشت. در سطح 10 میلی­گرم بر لیتر نانو دی­اکسید تیتانیوم تعداد میوه در ارقام ’سابرینا‘ (72/1)، ’پاروس‘ (03/2)، ’گاویوتا‘ (59/2) و ’کاماروسا‘ (65/1) برابر نسبت به تیمار شاهد و سطح برگ بوته در ارقام’سابرینا‘ (1/10 درصد)، ’پاروس‘ (8/19 درصد)، ’گاویوتا‘ (3/22 درصد) و ’کاماروسا‘ (1/6 درصد) نسبت به تیمار شاهد و وزن خشک بخش هوایی در ارقام’سابرینا‘ (7/23 درصد)، ’پاروس‘ (8/18 درصد)، ’گاویوتا‘ (6/26 درصد) و ’کاماروسا‘ (5/21 درصد) نسبت به تیمار شاهد و طول رانر در ارقام ’پاروس‘ (51 درصد) و ’گاویوتا‘ (9/42 درصد) نسبت به تیمار شاهد افزایش یافت. هم چنین در سطح 10 میلی­گرم بر لیتر نانو دی­اکسید تیتانیوم بیشترین میزان وزن خشک ریشه (8 گرم) و طول ریشه (1/30 سانتی­متر) در رقم ’گاویوتا‘ و طول رانر (2/166 سانتی­متر) در رقم ’پاروس‘ بدست آمد. بیشترین میزان pH آبمیوه در رقم ’گاویوتا‘ (97/3)، اسیدیته قابل تیتراسیون در رقم ’کاماروسا‘ (4/3 میلی­گرم بر 100 گرم وزن تازه برگ)، مواد جامد محلول در رقم ’کاماروسا‘ (5/9 درجه بریکس) و آنتی­اکسیدان در رقم ’سابرینا‘ (9/90 درصد) در سطح 20 میلی­گرم بر لیتر نانو دی­اکسید تیتانیوم بدست آمد. بر اساس نتایج بدست آمده ارقام ’گاویوتا‘ و ’پاروس‘ نسبت به دو رقم دیگر، از کارایی و عملکرد بهتری برخوردار بودند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• آنتی اکسیدان
• تعداد میوه
• رقم
• شاخص سطح برگ
• میزان مواد جامد محلول

20.1001.1.20084730.1402.37.2.16.2

موضوعات

• میوه کاری

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating Nano-Titanium Dioxide on the Morphological and Biochemical Characteristics of Some Strawberry Cultivars under Hydroponic Cultivation Conditions

نویسندگان [English]

• Fatemeh Javan
• Yahya Selahvarzi
• Maryam Kamali

Department of Horticulture and Landscape, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

چکیده [English]

Introduction
 Today, in the commercial production of strawberries, short day cultivars  are used due to having large fruits of desirable quality. Among  the short  day cultivars available in Iranare Camarosa, Atabaki, Gaviota, Queen Aliza, Paros and McDonance, which can be cultivated at greenhouse. Titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanoparticles are one of the metal oxides that exist in three forms of rutile, brookite and anatase, which affect growth, enzymatic activity and photosynthesis. Reported titanium nano dioxide in the highest concentration used (11.5 mg/l) increases fruit formation  percentage, leaf chlorophyll content, vitamin C content, fruit  ripening index, fresh and dry weight of roots and shoots and yield of strawberries. In another study, it was shown that titanium dioxide treatment under drought stress can increase photosynthetic pigments, total soluble solids, vitamin C, phenol, flavonoid, anthocyanin, and antioxidant activity, and it also improved plant performance. increase the strawberry cultivar Ventana compared to the control treatment. In a research found that spraying titanium increases the biomass, fertility and quality of peach fruit. It has alsow been showed that the pomegranate size of flowers and fruits increased with using titanium nano dioxide, and this can increase the quantity and quality of Alberta peach cultivar. Foliar application of titanium nano dioxide in cucumber has been reported to increase photosynthesis  and  phenolic content  and reduce lipid peroxidation. In a research, it was shown that titanium dioxide nanoparticles increased photosynthesis rate, water conductivity and transpiration rate in tomato leaves. Despite the effect of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on the quantitative and qualitative improvement of some agricultural products, the researches conducted on strawberry plants were not complete or were only conducted on a specific variety. Therefore, with the aim of investigating and comparing the morphological and biochemical traits of some commercial strawberry cultivars under the effect of foliar spraying with titanium­dioxide, the above research was conducted.
 
Materials and Methods
 This research was conducted to investigate the effect of nano titanium dioxide foliar spraying on four strawberry cultivars in the hydroponic greenhouse of the Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad in 2020-2021. Experimental treatments included 4 levels of titanium nano dioxide (0, 5, 10 and 20 mg/l) and 4 strawberry cultivars (Sabrina, Paros, Gaviota and Camarosa) with 4 replications. The research was done in a factorial manner based on a completely random design. JMP 8 software was used to perform variance analysis and compare the averages of the measured traits. Means were compared using Tukey test at 5% probability level and graphs were drawn using Excel 2010 software.
Results and Discussion
 According to the tables of mutual effects of titanium dioxide nano treatments and varieties, it can be found that the application of titanium dioxide nanoparticles had a positive effect on the desired characteristics in all four studied strawberry varieties. So that the application of different levels of titanium dioxide nano particles causes a significant increase in quantitative traits (number of leaves, leaf area, root length, fresh and dry weight of aerial and root parts, photosynthetic pigments) The yield-dependent traits compared to the control plants were found in strawberry-strawberry cultivars. Nano titanium dioxide had an effect in increasing the number of fruits and vegetative traits of all investigated cultivars, in such a way that, on the one hand, with a balanced increase in vegetative growth, and on the other hand, improving the efficiency of photosynthesis and absorption through the roots and increasing the percentage of fruit formation. , increased the yield per plant. Also, sprinkling of titanium nanoparticles on all levels caused a significant increase in juice pH, TSS, TA, vitamin C, anthocyanin, total phenol, flavonoid and in general qualitative traits compared to the control. In the treatment of nano titanium dioxide, especially at the level of 10 mg/liter, better results were observed.



Conclusion
According to the results, the use of Paros and Gaviota cultivars is recommended to farmers and agricultural researchers due to its high yield and good quality.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Amount of soluble solids
• Antioxidants
• Cultivars
• Leaf area
• Number of fruits

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