تأثیر کاربرد برخی کودهای شیمیایی و آلی و تنش خشکی بر فعالیت آنزیم‌های سوپراکسید دسموتاز، پراکسیداز و پروتئین محلول کل در انگور رقم ’بیدانه قرمز‘

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• اکرم فاطمی ¹
• آسیه صفری ¹
• محسن سعیدی ²
• زهرا کلاه چی ³

¹ گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران

² گروه ژنتیک و اصلاح نباتات،دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران

³ گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران

https://doi.org/10.22067/jhs.2023.73313.1102

چکیده

تنش خشکی یکی از مهم­ترین عوامل محدودکننده عملکرد و کیفیت گیاهان است. در این پژوهش تأثیر تنش خشکی و کاربرد برخی کودهای شیمیایی و آلی بر فعالیت برخی آنزیم­های آنتی اکسیدانی برگ انگور ’بیدانه قرمز‘ در گلخانه بررسی شد. این آزمایش به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با تیمارهای کودی: شاهد، سولفات پتاسیم (1250 میلی­گرم بر کیلوگرم)، کمپوست (پنج درصد وزنی) و بایوچار (ده درصد وزنی) در شرایط بدون تنش و تنش خشکی (به ترتیب 40 و 80 درصد رطوبت ظرفیت زراعی) در چهار تکرار انجام شد. فعالیت آنزیم­های سوپراکسید دسموتاز و پراکسیداز و مقدار پروتئین محلول کل برگ انگور اندازه­گیری شدند. یافته­ها نشان داد که اثر متقابل تنش خشکی و تیمار کودی بر فعالیت آنزیم­های سوپراکسید دسموتاز و پراکسیداز و مقدار پروتئین محلول کل برگ انگور معنی­دار بود (P<0.01). در شرایط تنش خشکی، بین تیمارهای کودی، فعالیت آنزیم سوپراکسید دسموتاز در تیمار سولفات پتاسیم به طور معنی­داری کمتر از تیمارهای کمپوست (2/19 درصد) و بایوچار (1/21 درصد) بود (P<0.01). در شرایط تنش خشکی، فعالیت آنزیم پراکسیداز در تیمار کمپوست به طور معنی­داری (P<0.01) بیشتر از تیمار سولفات پتاسیم (50 درصد) بود و با تیمار بایوچار اختلاف معنی­داری نداشت. بیشترین پروتئین محلول کل در تیمار بایوچار نسبت به شاهد (با افزایش دو برابری) دیده شد. افزایش پروتئین محلول کل برگ انگور با کاربرد بایوچار در شرایط تنش خشکی به افزایش فعالیت آنزیم­های سوپراکسید دسموتاز و پراکسیداز و قابلیت جذب عناصر غذایی پر مصرف و کم مصرف نسبت داده شد. بنابراین به منظور توصیه کودی در شرایط مشابه از نظر نوع خاک، سن و رقم انگور و نوع بایوچار، کاربرد بایوچار سپس کمپوست و در پایان سولفات پتاسیم پیشنهاد می­شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• بایوچار
• سولفات پتاسیم
• عناصر پر مصرف
• عناصر کم مصرف
• کمپوست

20.1001.1.20084730.1402.37.2.3.9

موضوعات

• میوه کاری

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Some Inorganic and Organic Fertilizers’ Application and Drought Stress on Superoxide Dismutase and Peroxidase Activities and Total Soluble Protein of Bidane-Ghermez Grapevines

نویسندگان [English]

• Akram Fatemi ¹
• Asiyeh Safari ¹
• Mohsen Saeidi ²
• Zahra Kolahchi ³

¹ Department of Soil Science, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran

² Department of Agronomy, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran

³ Department of Soil Science, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamadan, Iran

چکیده [English]

Introduction
 Drought is the most important limiting factor for the yield and quality of products in the world. Fertilizer application can mitigate drought stress in plants. Most farmers prefer to use inorganic (chemical) fertilizers because of their fast impact on plant growth. The reasonable cost of inorganic fertilizers and their availability are the other reasons. However, the long-term effects of organic fertilizers on plant growth and soil fertility has been proved. The grapevines are one of the most important garden products in the world as well as in Iran. It has been reported that the application of biochar has significant effects on soil fertility as well as plant growth. Biochars have properties such as highly porous structure, high specific surface area, higher water holding capacity of the soil, the long-term stability in the soil. In addition, our previous study indicated that it could decrease the hazard of sodium in soil compared with compost. In Iran, the cultivation area of grapevines was the second grade after the pistachio cultivation area in 2019. According to statistical data on agriculture in 2019, the cultivation area of irrigated and rain-fed grapevines in Kermanshah province was 7710 and 1515 ha, respectively. According to this report, the production of irrigated and rain-fed grapevines in Kermanshah province in 2019 was 82718 and 1763 tons, respectively. The effect of application of some inorganic and organic fertilizers under drought stress on yield, water use efficiency, and some biochemical characteristics of the grapevine leaves cultivar Bidane-Ghermez has been previously studied. In this research, the effect of drought stress and the application of potassium sulfate, compost, and biochar on antioxidant activities of the grapevine leaves cultivar Bidane-Ghermez was investigated.
 
Materials and Methods
A greenhouse study with a factorial experiment based on a block of randomized completely design was conducted with fertilizer treatments including control, potassium sulfate (1250 mg kg^-1), compost (5% w/w), and biochar (10% w/w) without and with drought stress conditions (80 and 40% FC, respectively) during 2017-2018. For this research, the biochar was produced from apple tree pruning under low oxygen conditions by slow pyrolysis at 400 ^◦C. The compost was purchased from the municipal compost factory of Kermanshah province. To evaluate drought stress and inorganic and organic fertilizers' application on antioxidant enzymes activities, the superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activities and total soluble protein of grapevine leaves were determined. The data were analyzed by ANOVA and the mean of studied characteristics was compared by Duncan’s test at 5% probability level using SAS software.
Results and Discussion
the results indicated that the interaction effect of fertilizers treatments and drought stress on the superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activities as well as total soluble protein was significant (P<0.01). Under drought stress conditions, among fertilizers’ treatments, the activity of superoxide dismutase for potassium sulfate was significantly lower than compost and biochar treatments (P<0.01). The results also showed that the peroxidase activity for compost was significantly higher than potassium sulfate and biochar treatments (P<0.01). Besides, the highest total soluble protein amount was found for biochar treatment (P<0.01).
 
Conclusion
 according to the results of this study, it can be concluded that the increase of total soluble protein of grapevine leaves under drought stress conditions by biochar application contributed to the increase of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activities also increasing the bioavailability of macro-and micronutrients. Biochar application increased significantly the potassium concentration of the leaves of the grapevines. Potassium regulates water movement at the plant and also provides a higher relative water content of grapevine leaves. Moreover, potassium decreases the non-stomatal effects are also attributed to stomatal closure during drought stress conditions. Furthermore, potassium contributes to protein synthesis. Biochar application also increased the phosphorus, copper, and magnesium of the leaves of the grapevine. Higher concentration of phosphorus under drought stress conditions caused the grapevine leaves to suffer less from phosphorus deficiency. Copper exists in superoxide dismutase and is considered a key player in superoxide detoxification. Under drought stress conditions, higher manganese concentration by biochar application resulted in more protection of the cellular membrane against Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). For fertilizer recommendation in order to reduce drought stress effects on some antioxidant enzymes activities of Bidane-Ghermez grapevine leaves, the application of biochar is recommended first then potassium sulfate and compost. 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Biochar
• Compost
• Macronutrients
• Micronutrients
• Potassium sulfate

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