بررسی عوامل بازدارنده افراد جامعه از حضور در پارک‌های شهری در دوران پاندمی کووید۱۹

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• داود وفاداری کمارعلیا
• محسن کافی
• مهدی خان سفید

گروه مهندسی علوم باغبانی و فضای سبز، دانشکده علوم و مهندسی کشاورزی، دانشکدگان کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

https://doi.org/10.22067/jhs.2022.75378.1143

چکیده

هدف پژوهش دستیابی به عوامل بازدارنده افراد جامعه از حضور در پارک­های شهری در دوران پاندمی کووید۱۹ و ارزیابی ظرفیت این اماکن در ارتقای بهداشت عمومی جامعه و چگونگی عملکرد آنها در دوران پاندمی کووید۱۹ است. با استفاده از منابع کتابخانه­ای و مصاحبه عمیق نیمه ساختار یافته به صورت پرسشنامه داده­های تحقیق به دست آمد و برای نمونه گیری و تعیین حجم نمونه به ترتیب از روش نمونه گیری تصادفی ساده و فرمول کوکران مرتبط با جامعه آماری نامشخص با سطح خطای ۰۵/۰ استفاده شد، سپس برای تحلیل داده­ها به سوال بخش اول که به صورت اولویت بندی بود به ترتیب از اولویت اول تا چهارم امتیاز 4 تا 1 اختصاص داده شده و میانگین امتیازی محاسبه گردید و در ادامه همین روند برای سوالات بخش دوم اجرا گردید. بررسی داده­های مستخرج از پژوهش نشان داد که عدم وجود علایم هشدار دهنده بهداشتی در پارک­های شهری با میانگین امتیازی 1/3 مهم ترین مانع حضور افراد جامعه در این اماکن بوده و همچنین ظرفیت پارک­های شهری در افزایش بهداشت عمومی با میانگین امتیازی 3/3 بسیار قابل توجه تعیین گردیده است. سپس عملکرد این اماکن در دوران پاندمی کووید19 با میانگین امتیازی 4/1 ضعیف گزارش شد. به طور کلی می­توان گفت پارک­های شهری دارای ظرفیت قابل توجهی در ارتقای سلامت جامعه می باشند و به دلیل عدم تناسب این اماکن برای دوران پاندمی، عملکرد مناسبی نداشتند، بنابراین باید برای این دوران مناسب سازی شده و موانع برداشته شوند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• فضاهای باز شهری
• فضاهای سبز شهری
• کرونا
• همه‌گیری

20.1001.1.20084730.1402.37.1.17.1

موضوعات

• گیاهان زینتی و فضای سبز

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating the Preventive Factors of People in the Society from Attending Urban Parks during the COVID-19 Pandemic

نویسندگان [English]

• Davood Vafadari Komarolya
• Mohsen Kafi
• Mehdi Khansefid

Department of Horticultural and Landscape Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

چکیده [English]

Introduction
 As urbanization and population density increase, numerous issues arise in society, including a heightened risk of contagious diseases among the population, putting society at risk and in crisis. The purpose of this study was to identify preventive factors for individuals in the community to avoid attending urban parks during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as to evaluate the capacity of these places to promote public health and their functionality during the pandemic.
Materials and Methods
 Using library resources and semi-structured in-depth interviews, the research data questionnaire was obtained and for sampling and determination of sample size, simple random sampling method and Cochran formula related to unknown statistical population with error level of 0.05 were used, respectively. Then, in order to analyze the data, the first question which was prioritized was 4-1 points from the first to the fourth priority and the mean score was calculated and the same process was implemented for the second part questions, respectively. After collecting the questionnaires, the data were extracted and the frequency of each of the options in the questions was determined, then to investigate the first part question which was related to the barriers to the presence of people in urban parks during the pandemic period and should be prioritized, i.e. assigning numbers 1 to 4 based on the participants' opinions, the priority was 4 points for priority 1 score 4, priority 2 points. 3, priority 3 points 2 and priority 4 points 1 selected, After averaging the relevant score, comparing them with each other, the most important barriers were mentioned in the results section, respectively. Also, in order to investigate the questions of the second part, the first question was related to the capacity of urban parks to promote public health in pandemic conditions and should have been answered as a single choice for the very significant option of score 4, the significant option of score 3, the average score option 2 and the low-score option 1, and after the average of the relevant points and comparing it with the average capacity of the park was selected. Some of the general health promotion during pandemic were identified and mentioned in the results section.
Results and Discussion
The study revealed that the most significant barrier to people's presence in urban parks was the absence of health warning signs, with an average score of 3.1. Additionally, the capacity of urban parks to enhance public health received a very significant average score of 3.3. However, the performance of these parks during the COVID-19 pandemic was rated as poor, with an average score of 1.4. Other barriers identified to people's presence in parks include:
- Non-conformity of urban parks design with pandemic conditions
- Inappropriate layout of furniture in urban parks
- Inappropriate shape, material and type of furniture in urban parks in terms of public health
Also, the overall results of urban parks capacity in increasing public health and performance of these places during covid-19 pandemic are as follows:
In relation to the capacity of urban parks in order to increase public health in comparison with other urban uses, the results of the survey of the received data are that out of 230 people in the study, 99 people evaluated the capacity of these places as very significant (43%), 103 significant (45%), 21 moderate (9%) and 7 (3%).
In relation to how the current urban parks play a role in covid-19 pandemic compared to other urban uses, the results of the data survey are as such that out of 230 people present in the research, 5 people performed this Places were assessed as excellent (2%), 11 were good (5%), 53 were moderate (23%) and 156 were weak (70%).
Conclusion
Overall, it can be concluded that urban parks have the potential to significantly promote public health, but during the pandemic period, their effectiveness was limited due to various barriers. It is recommended that designers, urban planners, and health professionals work together to create multi-functional designs that address existing barriers as much as possible. This would enable people to attend urban parks during the pandemic with less concern and potentially reduce the negative consequences of pandemic outbreaks and quarantine.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Coronavirus
• Epidemic
• Urban open spaces
• Urban green spaces

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