Document Type : Research Article

Authors

Shahid Bahounar University of Kerman

Abstract

Introduction: Catharanthus roseus (L.) belongs to Apocynaceae family is an important medicinal plant and also cultivated as an ornamental plant almost throughout the tropical and subtropical areas all over the world. Recently, the uses of natural substances are considered very helpful to improve plant growth and development. Application of plant growth regulators (PGRs) and vitamins are reported in many horticultural crops. Ascorbic acid is the most abundant antioxidant in plant which protects plant cells. This substance affects cell differentiation and growth. Now a day it is considered as a plant growth regulator. Thiamine or vitamin B1 is water soluble and one of the B complex vitamins. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of the ascorbic acid, thiamine, BA and GA on growth and biochemical parameters of periwinkle.
Materials and Methods: The experiment was perform as a completely randomized design with 5 replications at research greenhouse of Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman in 2014.The treatments used include spraying water (control), ascorbic acid 100 mg.l-1, gibberellic acid 100 mg.l-1, thiamine 100 mg.l-1, BA 200 mg. l-1 and combinations of two, three and four of them to determine the response of plants to these substances alone or in combination of them. When the seedlings become on 6-leavs stage, the first foliar spray was carried out. In other two steps was repeated with interval of 10 days. In this study, longevity of the flower, flower diameter, the number of lateral branches, branches length, fresh and dry weight, chlorophyll content and reduced sugars were measured. Chlorophyll content and reduced sugars were measured according to method of Somogy (1952) and Lichtenthder (1987), respectively.
Results and Discussion: The results showed that the effect of thiamine on the number of flowers was more pronounced than other substances. The lowest number of flowers per plant was found in plants treated with gibberellic acid. All growth promoter substances increased flower diameter. Combined application of BAwith gibberellic acid had more influence on this parameter than other treatments, and increase flower diameter about 25%. Ascorbic acid plays an important role in cell division, plasma membrane, proton pumps and enlargement cell. According to the theory of acidic growth, ascorbic acid weakens cell wall and increases cell enlargement. Among the applied treatments combination of banzyladenine, thiamine and ascorbic acid increased the number of lateral branches to 100%. Results showed that GA in all concentrations and combinations used in this experiment increased lateral branches length. Several reports in plants such as croton, hibiscus and pot marigold indicated that BA can increase the number of branches per plant. Therefore, BA is used to enhance branching and to reduce the total height of the plants. The highest fresh and dry weight were observed in plants treated with the combinations of BA, thiamine and ascorbic acid. Thiamine increased chlorophyll a content more than other substances. There was no significant difference between thiamine or thiamine combined with ascorbic acid treatment on chlorophyll b content. Thiamine in combinations with all the other treatments significantly improved carotenoids content compared to control. Chlorophyll plays a key role in plants for the absorption and utilization of light energy which used in photosynthesis. Therefore, effects of PGRs on chlorophyll biosynthesis or degradation influence directly on photosynthesis. Thiamine was reported that in some plants assist resynthesize of chlorophyll in plant without chlorophyll and increased growth and yield eventually. All the treatments significantly increased reducing sugar. Although all of the substances improved the amount of reducing sugar, the role of thiamine was more dramatic compared to other treatments. The greatest amount of reducing sugar 85.3 mg. g-1 fresh weight was observed in the combination of BA, thiamine and ascorbic acid. Thiamine is an essential part of the biosynthesis of pyrophosphate thiamine coenzyme which has an important role in carbohydrate metabolism. Application of vitamin c it was reported the increased soluble sugar in Chinese hibiscus.
Conclusion: Periwinkle is a bedding plant that the number of flowers and lateral branches is very important. BA with thiamine and ascorbic acid combination has the best effects on these traits and improved growth condition of it. On the other hand, application of gibberellic acid, either simple or combined with other materials, due to the excessive increase in plant height, led to the bending of the plant.

Keywords

1- Abdel-Aziz N.G., El-Quesni Fatma E.M., and Farahat M.M. 2007. Response of vegetative growth and some chemical constituents of Syngonium podophyllum L. to foliar application of thiamine, ascorbic acid and kinetin at Nubaria. World Journal of Agricultural Science, 3: 301-305.
2- Abdel-Aziz N.G. 2007a. Stimulatory effect of NPK fertilizer and benzyladenine on growth and chemical constituents of Codiaeum variegatum L. Plant . American-Eurasian Journal of Agricultural & Environmental Science, 2: 711-719.
3- Abdel Aziz N. G., Taha Lobna S., and Ibrahim Soad M.M. 2009. Some Studies on the Effect of Putrescine, Ascorbic Acid and Thiamine on Growth, Flowering and Some Chemical Constituents of Gladiolus Plants at Nubaria. Ozean Journal of Applied Sciences, 2: 169-179.
4- Abdel-Halim S.M. 1995. Effect of some vitamins on growth, yield and endogenous hormones of tomato plants during winter. Egypt Journal Application Science, 10: 322-334.
5- Abo-Dahab T.A.M., and Abdel-Aziz G.N. 2006. Physiological effect of diphenylamine and tryptophan on the growth and chemical constituents of Philedendron erubescene plants. World Journal of Agricultural Science, 2: 75-81.
6- Akbari Chermahini S., and Moallemi N. 2010. Effect of gibbereillc acid on vegetative growth of olive (Olea europaea L.) saplings. Journal of Horticultural Science, 24:184-188. (in Persian with English abstract)
7- Amin A.A., Rashad E.M., and Gharib A,E. 2008. Changes in morphological,phiysiological and reproductive characters of Wheat plants as affected by foliar application with Salicylic acid and Ascorbic acid. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Science, 2: 252-261.
8- Banko T.J., and Stefani M.A. 1988. Growth response of selected container-grown bedding plants to paclobutrazol, uniconizole, and daminozide, Journal of Enviromental Horticulture, 6:124-129.
9- Bedour A.A., and Eid R.A. 2011. Improving gladiolus growth, flower keeping quality by using some vitamins application. Journal of American Science, 7: 169-174.
10- Bekheta M.A., and Mahgoub M.H. 2005. Application of Kinetin and phenylalanine to improve flowering characters, vase life of cut flowers as well as vegetative growth and biochemical constituents of carnation plants. Egypt Journal of Application Sience, 20: 234-246.
11- Blokhina O., Virolainen E., and Fagerstedt K.V. 2003. Antioxidant, oxidative damage and oxygen deprivations stress. A Review. Annals of Botany, 91:179-194.
12- Dolatabadian A.1, Modarres Sanavy S.A.M.1., and Sharifi M.2009. Effect of Water Deficit Stress and Foliar Application of Ascorbic acid on Antioxidants Enzymes Activity and Some Biochemical's Changes in Leaves of Grain Corn (Zea maize L.). Iranian Journal of Biology, 22: 408-422. (in Persian with English abstract)
13- El-Fawakhry F.M., and El-Tayeb H.F. 2003. Effect of some amino acids and vitamins on chrysanthemum production. Journal Agriculture Research Alexandria University, 8: 755-766.
14- El-Kobisy D.S., Kady K.A., Medani R.A., and Agamy R.A. 2005. Response of pea plant (Pisum sativum L.) to treatment with ascorbic acid. Egyption Journal Applied Science, 20: 36-50.
15- El-Lelhy S.R., Ayad H.S., and Reda F. 2011. Effect of riboflavin, ascorbic acid and dry yeast on vegetative growth, essential oil pattern and antioxidant activity of geranium (Pelargonium graveolens L.). American Eurasian Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, 10: 633-638.
16- EL-Quesni F.E., Abd EL-Aziz N., and Maga M.K. 2009. Some studies on the effect of Ascorbic Acid and α-tocopherol on the growth and some chemical composition of Hibiscus rosa sinensis L. at Nurbaria. Ozean Journal of Applied Science, 2: 159-167.
17- Eraki M.A. 1994. Effect of benzyl adenine (BA) application on the growth, fruit yield and some chemical constituents of )Hibiscus sabdariffa L.( plants. Minofiya Journal of Agricultural Research, 2: 623-637.
18- Gamal El- Din, K.M. 2005. Physiological studies on the effect of some vitamins on growth and oil content in sunflower plant. Egyption Journal of Basic and Applied Science, 20: 560-571.
19- Gandaby M., Hassanpour Asil M., Hatamzadeh A., Rabiei B., and Chamani E. 2008 . Effect of benzyladenine and silver thiosulphate on physiochemical characteristics of lilium cut flowers. Journal of Science and Technology of Agriculture and Natural Resources, 12: 603-612. (in Persian with English abstract)
20- Hamada A.M., and Khulaef E.M. 2000. Stimulative effects of ascorbic acid, thiamin and or pyridoxine on Vicia faba growth and some related metabolic activites. Pakistan Journal of Boilogical Science, 3: 1330-1332.
21- Hashemabadi D., and Zarchini. 2010. Yield and quality management of rose (Rosa hybrida cv. Poison) with plant growth regulators. Plant Omics Journal, 3:167-171.
22- Hassan E.A., and El-Quesni F.M. 1989. Application of growth regulators in agriculture. A cytokinin‌ induced new morphogenetic phenomena in carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.). Bull Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, 40: 187-196.
23- Hassanein R.A.M. 2003. Effect of some amino acids, trace elements and irradiation on fennel (Foeniculum vulgare L.). Ph.D. Thesis, Faculty of Agriculture. Cairo University.
24- Hassanin M.A. 1985. Effect of some growth regulators and potassium fertilizers on growth, yield and essential oil production of geranium plants (Pelargonium graveolens L.). MSc. Thesis Faculty of Agriculture Cairo University,121-132.
25- Kishan S., Singh K.P., and Raju D.V.S. 2007. Vegetative growth, flowering and seed characters of African marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) as influenced by different growth substances during mild of seasons. Journal Ornamental Horticulture, 10: 268-270.
26- Kumar S., Byadgi A.S., Nargund N.B., Mokashi A N., and Fakrudin B. 2012. Occurrence of phytoplasma disease of periwinkle [Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don.] in northern Karnataka. karnataka journal agricultural sciences, 25: 293- 295.
27- Latimer J.G. 2012. Using plant growth regulators on containerized herbaceous perennials. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. 2-3.
28- Lichtenthder H.K. 1987. Chlorophylls and Carotenoids Pigments of Photosynthetic biomemberanes. Methods in Enzymology, 148: 350-382.
29- Lukaszewska A, Monika P., and Karol C.H . 2008. Effect of drought and benzyl adenine on scarlet salvia (Salvia splendens Sello) and geranium (Pelargonium hortorum L. H. Bail). Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW. Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, 29: 45–52.
30- Mahgoub H.M., Abd El-Aziz G.N., and Mazhar M. A. 2011. Response of Dahlia pinnata L. plant to foliar spray with putrescine and thiamine on growth, flowering and photosynthetic pigments. American Eurasian Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, 10: 769-775.
31- Masoud A.N., Sciuchetti L.A., Farnsworth N. R., Blomster R.N., and Meer W.A. 2006. Effect of gibberellic acid on the growth, alkaloid production, and VLB content of Catharanthus roseus. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 57: 589-593.
32- Menesi F.A., Nofal E.M.S., and El-Mahrouk E.M .1991. Effect of some growth regulators on Calendula officinalis L. Egyptian Journal of Applied Science, 6: 1-15.
33- Miguel A., Rosales Z., Juan M., Ruiz A., Hernandez J., Soriano T., Castilla N., and Romero L. 2006. Antioxidant content and as ascorbate metabolism in cherry tomato exocarp in relation to temperature and solar radiation. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 86: 1545-1551.
34- Mohamed G.F., and Abdella E.M.M. 2013. Response of Calendula officinalis L. plants to foliar application of gibberellic acid and mixture of some micronutrients. Journal of Applied Sciences Research, 9: 735-742.
35- Nahed, G.A., El-Aziz A., Fatma E.M., and FarahatM. M. 2007. Response of vegetative growth and some chemical constituents of Syngonium podophyllum to foliar application of Thiamine, Ascorbic acid and Kinetin ot Nurbaria. World Journal of Agricultural Science, 3: 301-305.
36- Nguyen H.V., Phan H.A., and Duong T.N .2006. The role of sucrose and different cytokinins in the in vitro floral morphogenesis of rose (hybrid tea) cv. “First Prize”. Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture, 87: 315-320.
37- Pazoki A., Rezaie H., Habibi D., and Paknejad F. 2012. Effect of drought stress, asscorbate and gibberellin foliar application on some morphological traits, RWC and cell membrane stability of Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) Iranian Journal of Agronomy and Plant Breding, 8: 1-13. (in Persian)
38- Pawar V.A., Naik D.M., and Katkar P.B. 2007. Effect of foliar application of growth regulators on growth and yield of gaillardia (Gaillardia pulchella). South Indian Horticulture, 53: 386-388.
39- Prabhat Kumar S.P.S., Mishra R.L., and Singh, K.P. 2003. Effect of GA3 on growth and yield of china aster (Aster chinensis). Journal Ornamental Horticulture, 6: 110-112.
40- Rawia A., Lobna S., Taha S., and Soad M.M. I. 2010. Physiological properties studies on essential oil of Jassminium grandiflorum L. as affected by some vitamins. Ozean Journal of Applied Science, 3: 87-96.
41- Shudo K.1994. Chemistry of phenylurea cytokinins. pp. 35-42. In Mokk DY and Mc Mok (Eds.) Cytokinins: Chemistry, Activity and Function. CRC Press, Boca Raton.
42- Singh M.P., Singh R.P., and Singh G.N. 1991. Effect of GA3 and ethrel on the growth and flowering of African marigold (Tagetes erecta L.). Haryana Journal of Horticultural Science, 20: 81-84.
43- Soad M.M., Taha I.L.S., and Farahat M.M. 2010. Vegetative growth and chemical constituents of croton plants as affected by foliar application of benzyl adenine and gibberellic acid. Journal of American Sciences, 6: 126-130.
44- Somogy M. 1952. Note son sugar determitation. Journal of Biochemistry, 195: 19-29.
45- Srivastava N K., and Srivastava A.K. 2007. Influence of gibberellic acid on 14 CO2 metabolism, growth, and production of alkaloids in Catharanthus roseus. Photosynthetica, 45:156–60.
46- Talaat I.M., Bekheta M.A., and Mahgub M.H. 2005. Physiological response of periwinkle plants (Catharanthus roseus L.) to tryptophan and putrescine. International Journal of Agriculture & Biology, 7: 209-213.
47- Umrao V.K., Sharma V., and Kumar B. 2007. Influence of gibberellic acid spraying on gladiolus cv. Rose Delight. Progressive Agricultural, 7: 187-188.
48- Youssef A.A., and Talaat I.M. 2003. Physiological response of rosemary plants to some vitamins. Egypt Pharm Journal, 1: 81-93.
CAPTCHA Image