اثر باکتری‌های محرک رشد در شرایط آبکشت بر غلظت آهن، عملکرد و ترکیبات فنولیک کاهو

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• پرستو مولائی ¹
• فاطمه نکونام ¹
• محمد بابا اکبری ساری ²

¹ گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران

² گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران

https://doi.org/10.22067/jhs.2024.82408.1266

چکیده

یکی از مهمترین سبزی‌های برگ‌دار، کاهو (Lactuca sativa L.) است که مقصد تولید آن به بازارهای بین‌المللی و ملی می‌باشد. کاهو از سبزی‌هایی است که در سیستم‌های کشت هیدروپونیک شناور، برای بهره‌وری بالاتر در استفاده از آب و کودها تولید می‌گردد. کاربرد باکتری‌های محرک رشد برای افزایش عملکرد و کیفیت محصولات کشاورزی در نظام‌های پایدار کشاورزی دارای اهمیت ویژه‌ای می‌باشد. بدین جهت، به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر کاربرد باکتری‌های محرک رشد در شرایط آبکشت، بر ویژگی‌های کیفی و عملکرد کاهو رقم ‘New Red Fire’، آزمایشی به‌صورت طرح کاملا تصادفی در سه تکرار انجام شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل پنج سطح از باکتری‌های محرک رشد (Pseudomonas vancouverensis، Pseudomonas Koreensis، Pseudomonas putida، Pantoea agglomerans، ترکیب چهار گونه باکتری) و تیمار شاهد بدون تلقیح باکتریایی بود. صفات مورد بررسی شامل وزن تر بوته، تعداد برگ، محتوای فنول کل و فلاونوئید کل، محتوای آنتوسیانین، غلظت آهن، کلروفیل‌ها و کاروتنوئید کل بود. نتایج نشان داد، اثر کاربرد باکتری‌های محرک رشد بر صفات مورد بررسی معنی‌دار گردید. بیشترین عملکرد بیولوژیک، محتوای رنگیزه‌های فتوسنتزی و غلظت آهن در برگ، با کاربرد تیمار باکتری ترکیبی مشاهده شد، به‌طوری‌که افزایش 388/2 درصد کلروفیل a، 439/8 درصد کلروفیل b، 398/3 درصد کلروفیل کل، 246/3 درصد محتوای کاروتنوئید، 26/2 درصد غلظت آهن، 42/6 درصد وزن تر بوته و 22/2 درصد تعداد برگ نسبت به گیاهان شاهد حاصل شد. با این حال، کاربرد باکتری‌های محرک رشد در گیاه کاهو با تسهیل شرایط رشد و افزایش جذب عناصر غذایی، موجب کاهش معنی‌دار سنتز ترکیبات فنولیک از جمله محتوای فنول کل، فلاونوئید کل و آنتوسیانین در مقایسه با گیاهان شاهد، در شرایط آبکشت گردید. با توجه به اینکه بهترین تیمار این پژوهش در اغلب صفات مورد بررسی، کاربرد باکتری ترکیبی بود، برای دستیابی به حداکثر عملکرد، افزایش سودمندی کل و کاهش مصرف نهاده‌های شیمیایی، استفاده از باکتری ترکیبی توصیه می‌شود. البته اگر بتوان با اعمال راهکارهایی به‌صورت همزمان کیفیت تغذیه‌ای کاهو به‌ویژه محتوای ترکیبات فنولیکی و فلاونوئیدی گیاه را نیز در شرایط آبکشت افزایش داد، بسیار مطلوب‌تر خواهد بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• آنتوسیانین
• آهن
• باکتری‌های محرک رشد گیاهی
• ترکیبات فنولی
• هیدروپونیک

موضوعات

• سبزیکاری

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria in Hydroponics Cultivation Conditions on Iron Concentration, Yield and Phenolic Compounds of Lettuce

نویسندگان [English]

• Parastoo Molaei ¹
• Fatemeh Nekounam ¹
• Mohammad BabaAkbari Sari ²

¹ Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran

² Department of Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran

چکیده [English]

Introduction
 Over time, water deficit and environmental pollution by traditional agriculture that forces the producer to contribute to competitive and sustainable agriculture. Leafy vegetables are beneficial to human health, therefore, to adapt an eco-friendly approach in some vegetables, the partial substitution (25–50%) of mineral NPK by biofertilizers in lettuce improves the yield and agronomic features and produces healthy plants for human nutrition as well. Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) from Asteraceae family is considered as one of the most popular salad vegetables as a cool season crop. PGPB (Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria) are rhizosphere bacteria that improve plant growth through a broad range of processes, i.e., phosphate solubilization, biological nitrogen fixation, siderophore manufacturing, phytohormone manufacturing, antifungal activity, systemic resistance induction and plant-microbe symbiosis promotion. The promoting of growth and yield of horticultural crops such as cucumber, potato, tomato and spinach by plant growth promoting bacteria inoculation at nutrient solutions under soilless systems have also been reported.
 
Material and Methods
 In order to study the effect of growth-promoting bacteria on the yield, iron concentration and phenolic compounds of lettuce (Lactuca sativa cv. New Red Fire) under floating systems, the experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design with three replications in the Research greenhouse of University of Zanjan, during 2020. Experiment treatments consisted of five levels of PGPB (Pseudomonas vancouverensis, Pseudomonas koreensis, Pantoea agglomerans, Pseudomonas putida, and one level of combined bacteria (Pantoea agglomerans+ Pseudomonas koreensis + Pseudomonas putida+ Pseudomonas vancouverensis)) and control plant (without bacteria treated). Application of bacteria was done in two stages, one step before cultivation as seed inoculation and the next step as root inoculation. Lettuce plants grown in hydroculture condition with Hoagland nutrient solution. Growth conditions were environmentally controlled at a relative humidity of 60/70 % day/night and temperature was maintained between 20 and 17 °C. At 40 days after transplanting date, the lettuce head were harvested. The freshly harvested lettuce head were immediately weighed separately of each plant for fresh weight determination. Leaf samples were dried at 72 °C for 48 h in a drying oven and kept for further investigations. Also, leaf number per plant, chlorophyll and carotenoids contents, Fe concentration, total phenol, total flavonoids and anthocyanin contents were measured.
 
 
Results
The obtained results in the current study indicated that the application of PGPB on lettuce caused significant increase in growth, photosynthetic pigments and iron concentration. The maximum growth rate and photosynthetic pigments content was observed in combined four bacteria treatment, so that, an increase of 388.2% chlorophyll a, 439.8% chlorophyll b, 398.3% total chlorophyll, 246.3% carotenoids contents, 42.6% plant fresh weight and 22.2% number of leaves was obtained compared to control plants. Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria (PGPB) can enhance growth and development of plants. PGPB have direct and indirect influences on plant growth process. The immediate promotion of growth involves either supplying the plant with a compound produced by the bacteria, i.e., phytohormones, or promoting certain nutrient uptake from the setting. Whereas, the indirect plant growth promotion happens when PGPB decreases or prevents the deleterious impacts of one or more phytopathogenic species. Plants inoculated with PGPB showed higher leaf iron concentration compared to control plant. Thus inoculation with combined four bacteria induced a 26.2 % increase of lettuce leaves iron concentration. The obtained results in the current study revealed that the inoculation with PGPB significant decreased the total phenol, flavonoid and anthocyanin contents. The maximum content of phenol (483 µg g^-1FW), flavonoid (188.1 µg g^-1FW) and anthocyanin (27.5 µmol g^-1FW) were observed in control plants compared to treated plants.
 
Conclusion
 According to the results of this research, the use of PGPB in the hydroculture system, on the one hand, led to a significant increase in iron absorption, the synthesis of photosynthetic pigments, and subsequently promote growth and increases lettuce yield. On the other hand, due to facilitating the growth conditions and increasing the absorption of nutrients for the host plants as a result of inoculation with PGPB, led to a decreases of phenolic compounds including total phenol, total flavonoid and anthocyanin contents.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Anthocyanin
• Hydroponics
• Iron
• PGPR
• Phenolic compounds

©2024 The author(s). This is an open access article distributed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).

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