منابع ژرم پلاسم و خصوصیات فیزیکوشیمیایی میوه ذغال اخته (Cornus mas L.) در ایران

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی

نویسنده

• حمید حسن پور

دانشگاه ارومیه

https://doi.org/10.22067/jhorts4.v0i0.35695

چکیده

این مطالعه به منظور بررسی توزیع، پراکندگی و خصوصیات میوه ذغال اخته (Cornus mas L.) در کشور ایران انجام گردید. پراکندگی ذغال-اخته روی نقشه کشور بر طبق بازدیدی که از استان های مورد نظر صورت گرفت، ترسیم و بررسی شد. جهت بررسی خصوصیات میوه از 5 منطقه مختلف کشور نمونه برداری انجام شد و پارامترهای مختلف اندازه گیری گردیدند. پراکندگی ذغال اخته در ایران در سه استان آذربایجان شرقی، قزوین و گیلان است. ذغال اخته در این مناطق هم بصورت وحشی و هم بصورت اهلی و در ارتفاع 300-1525 متر بالاتر از سطح دریا وجود دارد. با وجود ارزش غذای زیاد، آنتوسیانین بالا و خواص فراوان، استفاده وسیع آن در داروسازی و درمان بعضی از بیماری ها، متاسفانه مطالعات چندانی در این زمینه در کشور صورت نگرفته است. نتایج بدست آمده روی خصوصیات میوه نشان داد که وزن میوه در محدوده بین 09/1 تا 66/4 گرم، وزن هسته 11/0 تا 4/0 گرم، وزن گوشت 97/0 تا 36/4 گرم، طول میوه ها بین 89/13 تا 87/27 میلی متر، قطر میوه ها بین 89/9 تا 22/20 میلی متر، مواد جامد محلول در محدوده بین 5/5 تا 2/20 درصد، اسیدیته کل 7/0 تا 3 و مقدار ویتامین ث نیز در حدود 30 تا 255 میلی گرم در 100 گرم وزن تر قرار دارند. همچنین نتایج مقایسه میانگین نشان داد که بزرگترین میوه ها، مربوط به منطقه الموت می باشد. منابع مهم ژرم پلاسم ذغال اخته به خاطر بریدن درختان جهت تولید عصا و چوبدستی و استفاده های دیگر از چوب آن به خاطر سفتی اش، در حال از بین رفتن می باشد. بنابراین انتخاب و ارزیابی ارقام ذغال اخته باید هر چه سریعتر انجام گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• آنتوسیانین
• پراکندگی
• فرسایش ژنتیکی
• ویتامین ث

20.1001.1.20084730.1395.30.4.11.2

عنوان مقاله [English]

Cornelian Cherry Germplasm Resource and Physicochemical Characterization of Its Fruit in Iran

نویسنده [English]

• Hamid Hassanpour

Urmia University

چکیده [English]

Introduction: Cornus is a very large genus which comprises 40 species of shrubs and trees native to Central and Southern Europe and parts of Western Asia. Many species are grown as ornamentals. Only a few species are grown for their fruits, chief among which is the cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.). Study on the nutritional value of the cornelian cherry has focused on nutrients which play a role in preventing diseases such as scurvy. Fresh cornelian cherry fruits contain twice as much vitamin C as oranges. The aim of this study was to investigate the distribution and physicochemical properties of cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.) fruits in Iran.
Materials and Methods: Distribution of cornelian cherry was traced on the map according to the visitation of the different provinces. In order to study the characteristics of the fruit, samples were taken from five different areas and various parameters were evaluated. Fruit and seed weight (g) were measured by a digital balance with a sensitivity of 0.001 g (Scaltec Company, Gottingen, Germany; model SPB31). Fruit length (mm), fruit diameter (mm), seed diameter (mm) and seed length (mm) were measured using a digital vernier caliper with a sensitivity of 0.01 mm. TSS was determined by refrectometry of one drop extracted juice of each fruit at 25°C (Kyoto Electronics Manufacturing Co. Ltd., Japan, and Model RA-250HE). TA was determined by titration and the pH value was indicated by pH meter (HBJ-260). In addition, total ascorbic acid content was determined by the dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) method. Data were subjected to calculate of descriptive statistics by SPPSS and means were separated by Duncan’s multiple range test at p

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Anthocyanin
• distribution
• Genetic Erosion
• vitamin C

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