توسعه روش مؤثر باززایی و ترانسفورماسیون توتون از طریق بهینه سازی غلظت تنظیم کننده های رشد و ساکارز

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• ماریا بیهقی ¹
• عبدالرضا باقری ¹
• سید حسن مرعشی ¹
• مجتبی سنکیان ²
• افسانه فرساد ³

¹ دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

² دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مشهد

³ دانشگاه بیرجند

https://doi.org/10.22067/jhorts4.v31i4.62194

چکیده

گیاه توتون یک بیوراکتور بسیار کارا به منظور تولید پروتئین‌های نوترکیب می‌باشد، لذا در این پروژه تحقیقاتی علاوه بر بهینه‌سازی سیستم کشت بافت این گیاه، فرآیند مناسب انتقال ژن به آن نیز مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. بدین منظور اثرات غلظت‌های مختلف ساکارز و 4 ترکیب متفاوت هورمونی (BAP و NAA) روی القا کالوس، شاخه‌زایی مستقیم و ریشه‌زایی در قالب طرح کامل تصادفی به صورت فاکتوریل و با سه تکرار مورد آزمایش قرار گرفت. حساسیت ریزنمونه‌های توتون به آنتی‌بیوتیک کانامایسین با کشت ریزنمونه‌ها روی محیط انتخابی دارای غلظت‌های مختلف کانامایسین ارزیابی شد. برای انتقال ژن از اگروباکتریوم (Agrobacterium tumefacien) سویه GV3101 حاوی پلاسمید pBI121 استفاده شد و روش واکنش زنجیره‌ای پلیمراز (PCR) جهت بررسی گیاهان تراریخته مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. نتایج تجزیه واریانس و مقایسه میانگین نشان داد که بالاترین میزان القا کالوس با استفاده از محیط کشت M1 (حاوی 1/0 میلی‌گرم در لیتر NAA و 1 میلی‌گرم در لیتر BAP) با غلظت 15 گرم در لیتر ساکارز حاصل شد. در صورتی‌که تعداد بالای شاخه‌زایی مستقیم در محیط کشت M1 با غلظت 30 گرم در لیتر ساکارز بدست آمد. بیشترین فراوانی ریشه‌زایی نیز توسط 1/0 میلی‌گرم در لیتر NAA و 60 گرم در لیتر ساکارز حاصل شد. غلظت 50 میلی‌گرم در لیتر کانامایسین بطور کامل از باززایی نمونه‌های غیرتراریخته ممانعت کرد و بنابراین از این غلظت در محیط کشت انتخابگر استفاده شد. در نهایت، قطعهbp 798 مربوط به ژن nptII در ژنوم گیاهان تراریخته توتون تأیید شد و کارایی تراریختگی با استفاده از روش اگروباکتریوم بیش از 95 درصد محاسبه گردید. تکنیک باززایی مستقیم و انتقال ژن مطرح شده در این تحقیق جهت وارد کردن ژن‌های خارجی مختلف به ژنوم گیاه توتون بسیار کارا و مؤثر می‌باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• تراریختگی
• توتون
• ژن انتخابگر nptII
• شاخه‌زایی مستقیم
• کشت بافت

20.1001.1.20084730.1396.31.4.5.3

عنوان مقاله [English]

Development of an Efficient Regeneration and Transformation Method for Nicothiana tabacum L. through the Optimization of Growth Regulators and Sucrose Concentration

نویسندگان [English]

• Maria Beihaghi ¹
• Abdolreza Bagheri ¹
• Seyyed Hassan Marashi ¹
• Mojtaba Sankian ²
• Afsaneh sadat Farsad ³

¹ Ferdowsi University of Mashhad

² Mashhad University of Medical Sciences

³ Birjand university

چکیده [English]

Introduction: Plant tissue culture is a collection of techniques used to maintain or grow plant cells, tissues or organs under sterile conditions on a nutrient culture medium of known composition and widely used to produce clones of a plant in a method known as micropropagation. Plant research often involves growing new plants in a controlled environment. These may be plants that we have genetically altered in some way or may be plants of which we need many copies all exactly alike. These things can be accomplished through tissue culture of small tissue pieces from the plant of interest. These small pieces may come from a single mother plant or they may be the result of genetic transformation of single plant cells which are then encouraged to grow and to ultimately develop into a whole plant. Tissue culture techniques are often used for commercial production of plants as well as for plant research. Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) is one of the most important model plants used in the physiologic, genetic and tissue culture studies. The manipulation of tobacco genetic structure requires an efficient technique of gene transferring and regeneration. Whereas, the tobacco plant is a very effective bioreactor in the production of recombinant proteins, in this research we optimized the best tissue culture system and also, genetic transformation process of this plant.
Materials and Methods: Our plant tissue culture protocols, Include helpful information for Murashige and Skoog media, plant growth regulators, plant growth hormones, plant transformation systems, and other products for plant tissue culture. For this purpose, different concentrations of sucrose and 4 combinations of growth regulators (BAP and NAA) on callus induction, direct shoot regeneration and rooting were examined in a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with 3 replications. The sensitivity of tobacco explants to kanamycin was examined through the cultivation of them on the selective medium with different concentrations of antibiotic. For genetic transformation, agrobacterium tumifacious (GV3101) harboring plasmid pBI121 was used and the transgenic plants were confirmed by PCR analysis.
Results and Discussion: The results of variance analysis and the means comparison showed that the best medium for callus induction was M1 (0.1 mg/l NAA and 1 mg/l BAP) with 15 g/l sucrose in the leaf explants, while the most direct shoot regeneration rate was obtained on the M1 medium with 30 g/l sucrose concentration. High-frequency of rooting was also influenced by 0/1 mg/l NAA and 60 g/l sucrose. So, supplementing the medium with NAA and BAP at different concentrations facilitated induction of multiple shoots from explants. NAA was proved to be the best and the number of shoots increased with increase in the concentration up to (0.1 mg/l), and exceeding this concentration resulted in decline in percent response as well as number of shoots was recorded shoot regeneration. The concentration of BAP was further increased a linear increase in the number of shoots was observed up to an optimal level (1 mg/l). Beyond the optimal concentration (1 mg/l), a decrease in the response as well as number of shoots was recorded due to profuse basal callusing. The effect of cytokinins on multiple shoot regeneration, higher concentrations of NAA found to be inhibitory for shoot regeneration because of huge callusing which hampered the growth and development of new shoots. Also different concentrations of sucrose have a different effect on the shoots and callus. The concentration of sucrose had significant effect on direct shoot regeneration. The main effect of sucrose concentration, concentration of 30 grams per liter, compared with a concentration of 15 grams per liter had the highest direct shoot regeneration. Concentration of 50 mg/l kanamycin could completely prevent the regeneration of untransformed explants so was used in the selective culture medium. Subsequently, the presence of nptII gene (798 bp) in the transgenic plants was confirmed and the transformation efficiency obtained by using the agrobacterium-mediated transformation was more than 95%.
Conclusions In present research, an efficient in vitro regeneration protocol has been developed for tobacco, where different factors including the age of the explant and plant growth regulators were optimized for maximum propagation of tobacco. The results showed that regeneration and transformation method described here is highly efficient and fast for the introduction of any foreign gene directly in tobacco plant.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Direct shoot regeneration
• Nicothiana tabacum
• nptII selective gene
• Tissue culture
• Transformation

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