نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی سیستان، زابل، ایران

2 بخش تحقیقات زراعی و باغی مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی آذربایجان غربی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ارومیه، ایران

چکیده

انگور رقم ’یاقوتی‘ زودرس‌ترین رقم انگور در ایران و مهم‌ترین محصول باغی منطقه سیستان است که بیش از 90 درصد تاکستان‌های این منطقه را به خود اختصاص داده است. این پژوهش باتوجه به اثر مهم هرس بر عملکرد کمی و کیفی محصول انگور انجام شد. این آزمایش بصورت فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح بلوک‌‌های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار و طی سه سال در ایستگاه تحقیقات زهک انجام شد. چهار سطح شدت هرس تعادلی شامل شاهد یا عرف محل (B1)، 10+60 جوانه (B2)، 10+40 جوانه (B3) و 10 +20 جوانه (B4) به عنوان فاکتور اول و چهار سطح شدت هرس تابستانه شامل شاهد یا بدون هرس سبز (G1)، هرس شاخه‌های سبز از بالای هشت برگ روی آخرین خوشه (G2)، هرس شاخه‌های نرک + شاخه‌های سبز از بالای هشت برگ روی آخرین خوشه (G3)، هرس شاخه‌های سبز بدون محصول از ته + شاخه‌های نرک + شاخه‌های سبز از بالای هشت برگ روی آخرین خوشه (G4) به عنوان فاکتور دوم درنظر گرفته شدند. هرس تعادلی B4 باعث افزایش صفات طول خوشه، عرض خوشه، قطرحبه، وزن محور خوشه، مجموع طول محورهای اصلی و فرعی و وزن حبه بترتیب به‌میزان 5/32، 6/30، 97/8، 8/32، 4/34 و 3/15 درصد نسبت به شاهد و کاهش صفت تعداد خوشه در تاک به‌میزان 8/33 درصد نسبت به شاهد گردید. همچنین هرس سبز G4 باعث افزایش صفات طول خوشه، عرض خوشه، وزن محور خوشه، مجموع طول محورهای اصلی و فرعی و وزن حبه به­ترتیب به‌میزان 11، 5/19، 8/15، 6/14 و 9/11 درصد نسبت به شاهد شد. برهمکنش هرس تعادلی B4 × هرس سبز G4 باعث افزایش صفات وزن خوشه، تعداد حبه در خوشه و عملکرد به‌میزان 4/137، 3/82 و 2/14 درصد نسبت به شاهد شد. بطور کلی نتایج نشان داد که هرس تعادلی B4 همراه با هرس سبز G4 باعث افزایش عملکرد به‌میزان 2/47 درصد نسبت به شاهد (بدون هرس سبز) و در شرایط هرس تعادلی 10+20 شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Estimation of Balance Pruning and Green Pruning on Quantitative Tratis in Table Grape (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Yaghooti) in Sistan Region

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mansour Fazeli Rostampour 1
  • Hassan Mahmoudzadeh 2

1 Horticultural Crops Research Department, Sistan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Zabol, Iran

2 Horticulture Crops Research Department, West Azerbaijan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Urmia, Iran

چکیده [English]

Introduction
 Yaghooti grape is the earliest grape variety in Iran and is the most important horticultural product in the Sistan region, which is cultivated in more than 90% of the vineyards of this region. Considering the massive project of transferring water through pipes for 46 thousand farmer's fields as a recent approach in agricultural programs of the sistan region and also the necessity of changing the cultivation pattern, the suitable contribution of the new cultivation pattern is allocated for grape. A grapevine canopy is defined as the shoots and leaves system. Bearing and green pruning are defined as factors allows the grape farmers to enhance and maximize their production and quality.
Materials and Methods
 In order to evaluate the effects of balance pruning and green pruning on some traits and fruit yield of Yaghooti grape, the present research was conducted in the Zahak agricultural research station during 2017-2021.This research was conducted as a factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design for three years. Four levels of bearing pruning intensity including: control or local custom (B1), 10 + 60 (B2), 10 + 40 (B3), and 10 + 20 (B4) considered as the first factor and four levels of intensity green pruning including; control or conventional local method (G1), pruning of cans from above eight leaves on the last cluster (G2), pruning of unproductive branches + pruning of cans from above eight leaves on the last cluster (G3), 4-pruning of branches without fruit from the bottom + pruning of unproductive branches + pruning the cans from the top of the eight leaves on the last cluster (G4) considered as the second factor in three replications. The study was conducted on 12-year-old vines of the Yaghooti cultivar, which were trained using the traditional system and spaced 3 meters apart in both directions. The data collected during cluster formation included morphological traits such as cluster length, cluster width, main and sub axes length of the cluster, berry diameter, cluster axes weight, berry weight, cluster weight, berry number in the cluster, and cluster/vine to fruit yield. The analysis of variance for each variable was performed using the PROC GLM procedure in SAS 9.4. Furthermore, the relationships between the evaluated morphological traits were determined using multiple linear regression.
Results and Discussion
 The results showed that bearing pruning had a significant effect on all traits except berry diameter. Green pruning had a significant effect on cluster length, total length of main and sub axes, cluster axis weight, berry weight, cluster weight, number of berries per cluster and yield. The balance pruning (20+10) caused to increase the cluster length, cluster width, berry diameter, cluster axis weight, total length of main and sub axes and berry weight by 32.5, 30.6, 8.97, 32.8, 34.4 and 15.3% compared to the control, respectively while but led to 33.8% reduction in cluster/vine compared to the control. The results of the study showed that pruning of G4 had a significant positive effect on the length and width of clusters, weight of cluster axes, total length of main and sub-axes, and berry weight, increasing them by 11%, 19.5%, 15.8%, 14.6%, and 11.9% respectively, compared to the control. The interaction between balance and green pruning had a significant effect on cluster weight, berry number in cluster, and yield. The B4G4 treatment resulted in a 137.4%, 82.3%, and 14.2% increase in cluster weight, berry number in cluster, and yield compared to the B1G1 treatment. Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that cluster length, berry weight, cluster weight, and cluster/vine were the most important traits that influenced fruit yield in the Yaghooti grape. In general, the results showed that the interaction of balance and green pruning (B4G4) increases yield by 17.2% compared the control (B1G1).
Conclusion
 The shape and structure of the grape vine is very effective on the growth and development of the product. This determines the amount of photosynthesis and carbohydrates production. If the structure of the grape vine is changed in such a way that a greater portion of carbohydrates production belongs to the fruit, the grape production will significantly affected in terms of quality and quantity. Due to the fact that grapes are grown by creeping method in the Sistan region, fruit and green pruning (local custom) led to a high density in the plant crown which reduces light penetration as well as the ratio of producer to the consumer leaves. This method may negatively impact the quality and marketability of grape clusters by reducing the number and weight of the clusters and berries, as well as the length and width of the clusters. However, in this study, we increased the intensity of fruiting and green pruning, which resulted in a reduced crown density and less shading. Our utilized method directed the major portion of photosynthesis to the fruit, which led to quantitative and qualitative fruit yield increment.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Cluster properties
  • Productive branches
  • Pruning weight
  • Yield
  • Yield components
  1. Ahmad, W., Junaid, M., Nafees, M., Farooq, M., & Saleem, B.A. (2004). Effect of Pruning Severity on Growth Behavior of Spur and Bunch Morphology of Grapes (Vitis vinifera) Cv. Perlette. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology 6(1): 160-161.
  2. Arji, I., Fayz, R., & Gerdakaneh, M. (2015). The effect of charging and number of buds per shoot on the yield and productivity coefficient of perlette grape 1st National Symposium on Small Fruits 238-244. (In Persian)
  3. Arji, I., & Mahnam, S. (2018). Effect of bud number on some quantitative and quality related traits of Yaghooti grapevine cultivar in Sarpol-e-Zehab region. Journal of Scientific-Extension Research Findings in Crops and Horticultural Plants 7(1): 49-62. (In Persian). https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2019.22517.1485.
  4. Bowed, P.A., & Kliewer, W.M. (1990). Influence of clonal variation, pruning severity, and cane structure on yield component development in ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ grapevines. Journal American Society Horticulture Science 115(4): 530-534. https://doi.org/10.21273/JASHS.115.4.530.
  5. Brandon, O’Daniel, S., Douglas, D.A., & Kaan Kurtural, S. (2012). Effects of balanced pruning severity on traminette (Vitis spp.) in a warm climate. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture 63(2): 284-290. https://doi.org/5344/ajev.2012.11056.
  6. Dami, I., Bordelon, B., Ferree, D.C., Brown, M., Ellis, M.A., William, R.N., & Doohan, D. (2005). Midwest grape production guide. Ohio State University Extension Bulletin 919-05, Wooster.
  7. Dardeniz, A., & Kismali, I. (2002). Investigations on the effect of diffetent crop load of Amasya and Cardinal grape cultivars on the yields and qualities of grape and cuttings. Ege Universitesi Ziraat Fakultesi Dergis 39(1): 9-16.
  8. Fazeli Rostampour, M. (2020). The effect of irrigation regime and green pruning on some physiologic traits and yield of Yaghooti grape. Journal of Horticultural Science 34(1): 185-196. (In Persian). https://doi.org/22067/JHORTS4.V34I1.83688.
  9. Fazeli Rostampour, M. (2023). Intensity effect of severity of balance pruning and green pruning on some physiological, quality and yield traits of table grape (Vitis vinifera cv. Yaghouti) in the Sistan region. Articles in press. (In Persian). https://doi.org/10.22059/ijhs.2022.335563.1991.
  10. Fazeli Rostampour, M., & Nejatian, M.A. (2021). The Effect of defoliation, cluster thining and gibberellic acid on the cluster compactness of table grape (Vitis vinifera cv. Yaghooti). Horticultural Science and Technology 22(2): 203- 212. (In Persian) https://doi.org/20.1001.1.16807154.1400.22.2.7.0.
  11. Feza, A.M. (2008). Influence of pruning severity on yield and quality of Himrod grape under Kashmir conditions. Indian Journal of Horticulture 65(1): 16-19.
  12. Gatti, M., Bernizzoni, F., Civardi, S., & Poni, S. (2012). Effects of cluster thinning and preflowering leaf removal on growth and grape composition in cv. Sangiovese. American Journal of Enology Vitic 63(3): 325-332. https://doi.org/10: 5344/ajev.2012.11118.
  13. Hiroyuki, F., Tadushi, F., Masashi, M., & Inadomi, K. (2004). Effect of summer pruning on the growth and the tree vigor of “Kyoho” grape in early heating greenhouse. Bulletin of the Saga Prefectural Fruit Tree Experiment Station 15: 15-21.
  14. Jalili Marandi, R. (2002). Small fruits. Urmia University Press Pp: 290. (In Persian)
  15. Karami, M.J. (2011). Effect of pruning severity and cane length on yield and quality of grape cv. Siah-e-Samarghandi. Seed and Plant Production Journal 26-2(4): 445-456. (In Persian). https://doi.org/10.22092/SPPJ.2017.110419.
  16. Kavousi, B., Eshghi, S., & Tafazoli, A. (2009). Effects of cluster thinning and cane topping on balanced yield and fruit quality of table grape (Vitis vinifera) cv. Askari. Agricultural Science and Technology and Natural Resources 13(48): 15-27. (In Persian). https://doi.org/20.1001.1.24763594.1388.13.48.2.2.
  17. Kavousi, B., Saeedi, K., & Hassanpour, B. (2020). Principles and role of green pruning in vineyard management. Grape Extension Magazine 1(2): 6-1. (In Persian)
  18. Mahmoudzadeh, H. (2020). Technical principles of dry and green pruning. Publication of agricultural education Pp: 32. (In Persian)
  19. Mahmoudzadeh, H., & Fanaei, H. (2019). Promoting the best clones of Yaghooti grapes for the construction of new garden and branch cultivation in Zabol region. Grape Extension Magazine 1: 48-44. (In Persian)
  20. Mirsoleimani, A., Amin, H., & Jafari, R. (2015). Effect of pruning severity on the yield and quality of “Yaghoti” grape. 1st National Symposium on Small Fruits 153-157. (In Persian)
  21. Moradi Kia, A., Rabiee, W., & Karami, M.J. (2004). Effect of pruning intensity on yield and quality of White seedless cultivar. Ministry of Science, Research and Technology, Zanjan University, Zanjan Faculty of Agriculture. (In Persian).
  22. Mostashari, M., Khosravi, Nejad, A., Baybordi, A., Basirat, M., Akhiani, A., Sedri, M. H., & Majidi, A. (2006). Guide to plant nutrition of grapes. Technical Journal of Soil and Water Research Institute 1-31. (In Persian)
  23. Nejatian, M.A., Moradi, M., & Moghadam, E.G. (2015). Estimation on the best severity of balance pruning in Peykani grape from Kashmar. 1st National Symposium on Small Fruits 245-251. (In Persian)
  24. Nejatian, M.A., & Rasouli, V. (2017). Pruning of green grapes. Agricultural Education Publication 1-18. (In Persian)
  25. Pirayesh, A., Ganjeh, R., & Jahani, Y. (2015). The pruning correct method in keshmeshi cultivar grape. Technical Manual Journal 42: 1-12. (In Persian)
  26. Rahemi, M., Pendashteh-khademi, A., & Eshghi, S. (2015). Effect of bud number in cane on yield and quality of grape (Vitis vinifera L. cv.Yaghouti ). 9th Congress of Horticultural Sciences Ahvaz 1-4.
  27. Sadeghian, F., Seifi, E., Dadar, A., Alizadeh, M., & Sharifani, M. (2015). Effect of green pruning on fruit yield and quality in cultivated grape boots of cultivar raisin in climatic conditions of Shirvan. Journal of Horticultural Science 29(2): 232-239. (In Persian). https://doi.org/22067/jhorts4.v0i0.31869.
  28. Salem, A., Kilani, A., & Shaker, G. (1996). Growth and quality of two grapevine cultivars as affected by pruning severity. V Temperate Zone Fruit in the Tropics and Subtropics 441: 309-316. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.1997.441.43.
  29. Sorori, Sh., Asgharzadeh, A., Marjani, A., & Samadi-Kazemi, M. (2022). Evaluation of drought stress tolerance among some of grape cultivars using physiological and biochemical studies. Journal of Horticultural Science 36(2): 373-388. (In Persian). https://doi.org/10.22067/JHS.2021.67767.1004.
  30. Taherkhani, A., & Golchin, A. (2012). The effect of drought stress on yield and quantitative and qualitative traits of seedless white grape cultivar in Takestan region. Journal of Horticultural Science 26(2): 215-222. (In Persian). https://doi.org/10.22067/JHORTS4.V0I0.14732.

 

CAPTCHA Image