نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی

نویسندگان

دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان

چکیده

به منظور بررسی تاثیر قطع آبیاری در مرحله گلدهی و محلولپاشی توسط اسپرمیدین بر برخی صفات اکوتیپ‏های مختلف زیره سبز آزمایشی بصورت کرت‏های دوبار خرد شده بر پایه طرح بلوک‏های کامل تصادفی با 3 تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان در سال زراعی 1393 – 1392 اجرا شد. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل آبیاری در دو سطح (آبیاری کامل و قطع آبیاری در شروع مرحله گلدهی) به‌عنوان فاکتور اصلی، محلولپاشی توسط اسپرمیدین در 3 سطح (0، 1 و 2 میلی‌مولار) بعنوان فاکتور فرعی و اکوتیپ زیره در 3 سطح (کرمان، خراسان و اصفهان) به‌عنوان فاکتور فرعی فرعی بود. نتایج نشان داد که به استثنای تعداد شاخه فرعی و چتر در بوته دیگر صفات مورد بررسی تحت تاثیر تیمار قطع آبیاری قرار گرفتند. قطع آبیاری در مرحله گلدهی زیره سبز باعث کاهش تعداد دانه در چتر، بوته میری، عملکرد تک بوته و عملکرد دانه شد. در حالی‌که، صفات شاخص برداشت، درصد و عملکرد اسانس و محتوی پرولین در تیمار قطع آبیاری بیشتر از آبیاری کامل بود. به دلیل تعداد زیاد بوته از بین رفته در شرایط آبیاری کامل، میزان کاهش عملکرد دانه در هکتار تحت تاثیر تیمار قطع آبیاری بسیار کمتر از تک بوته بود. به‏طوری‏که، قطع آبیاری باعث کاهش 58 و 15 درصدی عملکرد دانه به ترتیب در بوته و هکتار نسبت به شرایط شاهد شد. در کلیه صفات مورد بررسی، اکوتیپ خراسان و کرمان نسبت به اکوتیپ اصفهان برتری نشان دادند. بیشترین میزان اسانس (92/14 کیلوگرم در هکتار) در تیمار محلولپاشی یک میلی‌مولار و برای اکوتیپ خراسان حاصل شد و کمترین میزان این صفت (87/6 کیلوگرم در هکتار) در تیمار عدم محلولپاشی برای اکوتیپ اصفهان بدست آمد. هیچ یک از صفات مورد بررسی تحت تاثیر محلولپاشی اسپرمیدین قرار نگرفت و بطور کلی، دو اکوتیپ کرمان و خراسان با توجه به واکنش مناسب‌تر به قطع آبیاری از پتانسیل بالاتری جهت کشت در شرایط آب و هوایی کرمان برخوردار بودند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Irrigation CutOff on Flowering Stage and Foliar Application of Spermidine on Some Quantitative and Qualitative Characteristics of Various Ecotypes of Cumin

نویسندگان [English]

  • Sarah Bakhtari
  • Gholam Reza Khajoei Nejad
  • Ghasem Mohamadi Nejad
  • Rooholla Moradi

MSc Student Agronomy, shahid Bahonar University of kerman-Iran.

چکیده [English]

Introduction: Medicinal plants play major roles in human health. . Cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) is an annual plant that commonly cultivated in arid and semiarid regions of Iran. The crop has a wide range of uses including medicinal, cosmetic and food industry. Cumin occupies about 26% of the total area devoted to medicinal plants in Iran. However, cumin is seriously affected by the Fusarium wilt and blight diseases. The diseases usually increase under warm and wet conditions. It was demonstrated that the peak of the disease incidence is occurring at the flowering stage and irrigation cutoff at this time may be reduced the diseases density.
Materials and methods: In order to evaluate the effects of irrigation cutoff in flowering stage and foliar application of spermidine on some characteristics of various ecotype of cumin, an experiment was conducted in a split-split-plot arrangement in randomized complete block design with three replications at the research farm of Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman at 2014. The experimental treatments were irrigation in two levels (complete irrigation and cutoff the irrigation in flowering stage) assigned to main plots, foliar application of spermidine in three levels (0, 1 and 2 Mm) as a subplot and cumin ecotypes in three levels (Kerman, Khorasan and Esfahan) that was randomized in sub-subplot. Plots size under the trial was 4 m × 3 m so as to get 50 cm inter row spacing in six rows. The ideal density of the crops was considered as 120 plant m-2. As soon as the seeds were sown, irrigation was applied every 10 days. Foliar application of spermidine was done at three stages (after thinning, before flowering stage and in the middle of flowering stage). No herbicides and chemical fertilizers were applied during the expriments.
Results and discussion: In this study the number of branches, umbels per plant, 1000-seed weight, seed yield per plant and hectare, harvest index, essential oil percentage and yield, infected plants and proline contents were assessed. The results showed that irrigation treatment had a significant effect on all the studied traits except number of branches and umbels per plant. The irrigation cutoff at flowering stage caused a significant increase in seeds per umbel, infected plants and seed yield per plant and hectare Whereas harvest index, essential oil percentage and yield and proline contents were higher in irrigation cutoff treatment compared to completely irrigated treatment. The value of decrease in seed yield per hectare as affected by irrigation cutoff was so lower than that per plant; because more infected plants were observed in completely irrigatedtreatment in comparison with cutoff irrigated treatment. Decreasing the value of the seed yield per plant and hectare affected by irrigation cut-off were 58 and 15%, respectively. Proline contents in irrigation cut-off treatment were about two times more than completely irrigatedtreatment. Khorasan and Kerman ecotypes had higher value in comparison with Esfahan in all studied traits.. Seed yield per hectare for Kerman, Khorasan and Esfahan ecotypes were 525, 306 and 525 kg, respectively. The highest essential oil yield (14.92 kg ha-1) was gained in 1 Mm spermidine for Khorasan ecotype and the lowest (6.87 kg ha-1) was observed in 0 Mm spermidine for Esfahan ecotype. There was no significant difference between foliar application levels in terms of the studied traits such as….
Conclusion: Irrigation cutoff at flowering stage caused a significant increase in seeds per umbel, infected plants and seed yield per plant and hectare Whereas harvest index, essential oil percentage and yield and proline contents were higher in irrigation cutoff treatment compared to completely irrigated treatment. Khorasan and Kerman ecotypes achieved higher potential for cultivation in Kerman climate condition compared to Esfahan ecotype.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Essential oil
  • Drought stress
  • Medicinal plants
  • Poly-amine
  • Proline
1- Abolhassani M., Lakzian A., Haghnia Gh., and Sarcheshme-poor M. 2006. Inoculation of alfalfa with Synorhizobium melliluni of resister to drought and slat stress in water deficit condition in greenhouse. Iranian Field Crop Research, 4: 183-195. (Persian with English Summary).
2- Ahmadian A., Ghanbari A., and Siahsar B. 2011. Effect of drought stress and chemicals and organic fertilizers on yield and yield components of Matricaria chamomilla L. Journal of Agroecology, 3:383-395. (Persian with English Summary).
3- Alinian S., and Razmjoo J. 2014. Phenological, yield, essential oil yield and oil content of cumin accessions as affected by irrigation regimes. Industrial Crops and Products, 54:167–174.
4- Alizadeh A., Tavoosi M., Imanlo M., and Nassiri M. 2004. Effect of irrigation regimes on yield and yield components of cumin. Journal of Iranian Field Crop Research, 2: 1-10. (Persian with English Summary).
5- Assefa T., Beebe S., Rao I.M., Cuasquer J.B., Duque M.C., Rivera M., Battisti A., and Lucchin M. 2013. Pod harvest index as a selection criterion to improve drought resistance in white pea bean. Field Crops Research, 148:24–33.
6- Bates L.S., Waldern R.P., and Teare I.D. 1973. Rapid determination of free proline for water stress studies. Plant and Soil, 39:205-207.
7- Bettaieb I., Knioua S., Hamrouni I., Limam F., and Marzouk B. 2011. Water-Deficit Impact on Fatty Acid and Essential Oil Composition and Antioxidant Activities of Cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) Aerial Parts. Journal Agricultural Food Chemistry, 59: 328–334.
8- Chandra P., Sairanganayakulu G., Thippeswamy M., Sudhakar P., Reddy M.K., and Chinta Sudhakar H. 2008. Identification of stress-induced genes from the drought tolerant semi-arid legume crop horsegram (Macrotyloma uniflorum (Lam.) Verdc.) through analysis of subtracted expressed sequence tags. Plant Science, 175: 372-384.
9- Chretien D. and Guillot T. 2000. Lipid and protein changes in jojoba under salt stress. Physiology of Plant, 85:372-380.
10- Claussen W. 2005. Proline as a measure of stress in tomato plant. Plant Science, 168: 241-248.
11- Clevenger J.H. 1928. Apparatus for the determination of volatile oil. Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association, 17: 346.
12- Farzaneh A., Ghani A., and Azizi M. 2010. The effect of water stress on morphological characteristic and essential oil content of improved sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). Journal of Plant Production, 17: 103-112. (Persian with English Summary).
13- Guenther E. 1969. The Essential Oils. D., von Nostrand Comp. Press, New York.
14- Hashemian N., Ghasemi Pirbalouti A., Hashemi M., GolparvarA., Hamedi B. 2013. Diversity in chemical composition and antibacterial activity of essential oils of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) diverse from northeast of Iran. AJCS, 7(11):1752-1760.
15- Vafabakhsh J., Nassiri Mahallati M. and Koocheki. A. 2008. Effects of drought stress on radiation use efficiency and yield of winter Canola. Journal of Iranian Field Crop Research, 6:193-204. (Persian with English Summary).
16- Kafi M. 2002. Cumin (Cuminum Cyminum): Production and Processing. Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Press. P. 15-35. (In Persian)
17- Keshavarz L., Mollaei Poor Kh. and Farahbakhsh H. 2011. Effect of drought stress on yield components and some physiological traits of barely. 11th conference of irrigation and evaporation. Shahid Bahonar University. (In Persian)
18- Koocheki A. 2009. Agronomy for dry regions. Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Press. PP. 201. (In Persian)
19- Liu J.H., Kitashiba H., Wang J., Ban Y., and Moriguchi T. 2007. Polyamines and their ability to provideenvironmental stress tolerance to plants. Plant Biotechnology, 24:117-126.
20- Mathur B.L. and Prasad N. 1964. Studies on wilt disease of Cumin by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.cumini”. Indian Journal of Agriculture Science, 34: 131-137.
21- Mighani F., Ghorbanli M. and Asadollahi, B. 2007. Role of mineral ions and proline in copper stress tolerance in two canola (Brassica napus L.) cultivars. Journal of Kharazmi Science, 7: 865-876. (In Persian with English abstract).
22- Moradi R., Nassiri Mahallati M., Rezvani Moghaddam P., Lakzian A., and Nejhadali A. 2011. Effect of biological and organic fertilizers on essential oil quantity and quality of fennel. Iranian Journal of Horticultural science, 25: 25-33. (Persian with English Summary).
23- Moser S.B., Feil B., Jampatong S., and Stamp P. 2006. Effects of pre-anthesis drought, nitrogen fertilizer rate, and variety on grain yield, yield components, and harvest index of tropical maize. Agricultural Water Management, 81: 41–58.
24- Nakhrizi Moghaddam A. 2009. Effect of plant density and stages of water stress on yield, yield component of cumin (Cuminum cyminum)”. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences, 40 (3): 63-69. (Persian with English Summary).
25- Nasibi F., Manouchehri Kalantari Kh., and Fazelian N. 2012. The effects of spermidin and methylene blue pretreatment on some physiological responses of Matricaria recutita plants to salt stress. Processing and Function of plant, 2: 61-71. (Persian with English Summary).
26- Nayyar H. 2003. Accumulation of osmolytes and osmotic adjustment in water-stressed wheat (Triticum aestivum) and maize (Zea mays) as affected by calcium and its antagonists. Environment Experiment Botany, 50: 253–264.
27- Neumann P.M. 1996. Rapid and reversible modification of extension capacity of cell walls in elongating maizeleaf tissues responding to root addition and removal of NaCl. Plant Cell and Environment, 16: 1107-14.
28- Orcutt D.M., and Nilsen E.T. 2000. Thephysiology of plants under stress, soil and bioticfactors”. John Wiley and Sons New York. pp:177-235.
29- Pang X.M., Zhang Z.Y., Wen X.P., Ban Y., and Moriguchi T. 2007. Polyamines, all-purposeplayers in response to environment stresses inplants. Plant Stress, 1: 173-188.
30- Rahimi A. 2012. Effect of osmopriming and irrigation regime on yield quantity and essential oil content of Cumin (Cuminum ciminum L.). Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 28:131-141. (Persian with English Summary).
31- Rezvani Moghaddam P. and Moradi R. 2012. Effect of planting dates, biological fertilizers and intercropping on yieldand essential oil quantity of Cumin and Fenugreek. Journal of Iranian Crop Science, 43:230-217. (Persian with English Summary).
32- Rezvani Moghaddam P., Moradi R., and Mansoori H. 2014. Influence of planting date, intercropping and plant growth growth promoting rhizobacteria on cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) with particular respect to disease infestation in Iran. Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 1: 134–143.
33- Roy K., Niyogi K., SenGupta D.N., and Goush B. 2005. Spermidine treatment to riceseedlings recovers salinity stress-induceddamage of plasma membrane and PM-bound H+-ATPase in salt- tolerant and salt sensitive ricecultivars. Plant science. 168: 583-591.
34- Saeed Nejhad A.H., and Rezvani Moghaddam P. 2010. Effect of biological and chemical fertilizers on morphological parameters, yield, yield components and essential oil percentage of cumin. Journal of Horticultural Science, 24: 38-44. (Persian with English Summary).
35- Souza R.P., Machadoa E.C., Silva J.A.B., Lagoa A.M.M.A., and Silveira J.A.G. 2004. Photosynthetic gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence and some associated metabolic changes in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) during water stress and recovery. Environmental & Experimental Botany, 51: 45-56.
36- Tanu A., Prakash A., and Adholeya A. 2004. Effect of different organic manures/composts on the herbage and essential oil yield of Cymbopogon winterianus and their influence on the native AM population in a marginal alfisol. Bioresource Technology, 92: 311–319.
37- Wang S., Yieh T., and Shih I. 1999. Purification and characterization of a new antifungal compound produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa K-187 in a shrimp and crab shell powder medium. Enzyme and Microbial Technoloy, 25:439 – 446.
CAPTCHA Image