ارزیابی تاثیر ترکیبات مختلف خاکهای پوششی بر عملکرد و کیفیت قارچ دکمه ای سفید Agaricus bisporus (Lange)

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• رسول رحمانی پور ¹
• رضا صدرآبادی حقیقی ²
• جواد جانپور ³

¹ واحد مشهد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی

² دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، مشهد

³ جهاد دانشگاهی خراسان رضوی

https://doi.org/10.22067/jhorts4.v31i4.62979

چکیده

خاک پوششی که در صنایع پرورش قارچ دکمهای به صورت استاندارد استفاده میشود، حدود یک سوم هزینههای تولید را به خود اختصاص میدهد. کیفیت و نوع خاک مورد استفاده در این مرحله تاثیر بسیار مهمی در عملکرد و سایر صفات مورفولوژیک قارچ خواهد داشت. به منظور بررسی تاثیر انواع ترکیبات خاک پوششی قارچ دکمه‌ای سفید(Lange) Agaricus bisporus آزمایشی در آزمایشگاه تحقیقات قارچ‌های خوراکی، گروه زیست فناوری قارچ‌های صنعتی، جهاد دانشگاهی خراسان رضوی در زمستان سال 1394 انجام پذیرفت. آزمایش در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی با 8 تیمار و 3 تکرار انجام پذیرفت. تیمارها شامل 1- خاک پیت 100درصد، 2- خاک پیت 60 درصد + ورمی کمپوست40 درصد ، 3- خاک پیت 60 درصد + کوکوپیت 40 درصد ، 4- خاک پیت 60 درصد + ذغال فعال 40 درصد ، 5- خاک پیت 60 درصد + کمپوست مصرف شده40 درصد ، 6- خاک پیت 60 درصد + ورمی کمپوست 30 درصد + ذغال فعال 10 درصد ، 7- خاک پیت 60 درصد + کوکوپیت 30 درصد + ذغال فعال 10 درصد ، 8- خاک پیت 60 درصد + کمپوست مصرف شده 30 درصد + ذغال فعال 10 درصد بودند. تیمارهای مورد نظر در کیسه‌های کمپوست تلقیح شده با نژاد تجاری A15 با ابعاد 40×60 سانتی اضافه شد. صفات مورد بررسی شامل عملکرد، میانگین وزنی قارچ‌ها، تعداد قارچ در هر کیسه، میانگین طول ساقه و میانگین قطر کلاهک در هر کیسه قارچ بودند، که در هر فلش برداشت به صورت جداگانه اندازه‌گیری گردید. صفات در فاصله زمانی خاک‌دهی تا اولین فلش برداشت و طول دوره برداشت درمجموع هر سه فلش برداشت اندازه‌گیری شد. نتایج نشان داد تیمارهایی که در ترکیب خاک پوششی آن‌ها از40 درصد‌ کوکوپیت و همچنین 30 درصد کوکوپیت و 10 درصد ذغال فعال به همراه خاک پیت استفاده شده بود بیشترین عملکرد، تعداد میوه و طول دوره میوه‌دهی و کوتاه‌ترین زمان خاک‌دهی تا اولین فلش را به عنوان صفتی مطلوب دارا بودند، هرچند میانگین وزنی قارچ‌ها و قطر کلاهک آن‌ها کمتر از سایر تیمارها بود که بازارپسندی محصول را تا اندازه‌ای تحت تاثیر قرار می دهد. دو تیمار که در ترکیب خاک پوششی آن‌ها یکی از 40 درصد کمپوست مصرف شده و همچنین 30 درصد کمپوست مصرف شده و 10 درصد ذغال فعال به همراه خاک پیت استفاده شده بود کم‌ترین عملکرد، تعداد میوه و طول دوره میوه دهی و بیشترین زمان خاک دهی تا اولین فلش را به عنوان یک صفت نامطلوب دارا بودند، هرچند این دو تیمار بالاترین میانگین وزنی و قطرکلاهک را دارا بودند. بطور کلی نتایج نشان داد که استفاده از کمپوست مصرف شده از جنبه اقتصادی مقرون به صرفه نمی‌باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• طول ساقه قارچ
• فلش
• قطر کلاهک قارچ
• وزن قارچ

20.1001.1.20084730.1397.32.1.11.0

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of the Effect of Different Composition of Casing Soil on the White Button Mushroom (Agaricus bisporusLange) Yield and Quality Traits

نویسندگان [English]

• Rasoul Rahmanipoor ¹
• Reza Sadrabadi Haghighi ²
• Javad Janpoor ³

¹ Mashhad branch, Islamic Azad University

² Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University

³ Academic Center for Education (ACECR) Khorasan Razavi proviance Branch

چکیده [English]

Introduction: Today, due to increasing world population, food needs to be provided from different ways. The white button mushroom has also become an important constituent of a healthy diet. Their nutritional value relies on relatively high protein, minerals, vitamins, essential amino acids content and low calories. Mushroom mycelia growth and mushroom development are not only related to genetic factors but also depends on environmental, chemical, and microbiological conditions. Casing soil can protect the compost against desiccation, supporting the mushroom against pests and diseases and providing sporophores development and development and growth of mushroom by gas exchange. Casing layer provides an environmental change in which the mushroom shifts from a vegetative stage to a reproductive one due to microorganisms in the casing soil. Casing soil bacteria influence productivity, product quality and uniformity. Physical and chemical properties of a good casing should be high porosity and water holding capacity (WHC), pH range from 7.2 to8.2, low content of soluble inorganic and organic nutrients and free of disease and pests. Many materials, alone or in combination, have been used as casing both commercially and experimentally, although only a few have been shown to be practical application. Peat is generally regarded as the most suitable casing. Because of its unique water holding and structural properties, it is widely accepted as ideal for the purposes of casing. Peats has a neutral pH and because of it contains organic matter and granular structure can stay porous even after a consecutive irrigation, hold moisture, allows appropriate gaseous exchanges and supports microbial population to release hormone-like substances which are very likely involved in stimulating the initiation of fruit bodies. Peat and limestone commonly used as a casing soil, however problems associated with its use, especially viability, depletion of reserves and alteration of ecosystems, have led to the search for alternative materials.
Materials and Methods: In order to investigate the effect of different compositions of casing soil on the white button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus Longe) cultivation, an experiment was carried out in laboratory of mushroom research, Department of Industrial Fungi Biotechnology, Iranian Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR- Khorasan Razavi), in 2015. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with 8 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments were including peat soil (100%), peat soil (60%) + vermicompost (40%), peat soil (60%) + cocopeat (40%), peat soil (60%) + activated carbon (40%), peat soil (60%) + spent mushroom compost (40%), peat soil (60%) + vermicompost (30%) + activated carbon (10%), peat soil (60%) + cocopeat (30%) + activated carbon (10%), peat soil (60%) + spent mushroom compost (30%) + activated carbon(10%). The treatments were applied on the compost block (40 × 60 × 20 cm sizes), that inoculated with the mushroom spawn, commercial line A15. The investigated characteristics including mushrooms yield, mean of mushroom weight, number of mushrooms per square meter, mean of stipe length, mean of cape diameter, which was measured in each harvest flash, separately. The traits were measured three times from casing to first harvest flash and harvest period.
Results and Discussion: The results showed that the longest duration between casing to first flashing belonged to peat soil (60%) + spent mushroom compost (40%). The lowest duration belonged to peat soil (60%) + cocopeat(40%), peat soil (60%) + activated carbon (40%) and peat soil (60%) + cocopeat (30%) + activated carbon (10%). Treatments with the lowest duration between casing to first harvest flash, produced the most yield. The results also revealed that casing soils treatments contained cocopeat(40%) and cocopeat(30%) + active carbon(10%) had the highest yield, fruit number, fruiting period and shortest duration from casing to first harvest flash as a good characteristic, although the mean of mushrooms weight and diameter of cape were lower than other treatments that it affect on marketing quality. Two treatments including spent mushroom compost (40%) and spent mushroom compost (30%) + active carbon(10%), had the lowest yield, fruit number, fruiting duration, the longest duration between casing to first harvest flash as an unfavorable characteristic, although these treatments had the highest mean weight and cape diameter. Overall, the results showed that spent mushroom compost utilization as casing soil is not economically cost-effective.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Mushroom stipe length
• Mushroom Flash
• Mushroom Cape diameter
• Mushroom weight

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