مقایسه سیستم‌های کشت ارگانیک، تلفیقی و مرسوم بر کیفیت میوه انار رقم رباب شیراز

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• میثم احمدی ¹
• محمود قاسم نژاد ¹
• حسین میغانی ²
• مسعود کاووسی ³

¹ دانشگاه گیلان

² دانشگاه جیرفت

³ موسسه تحقیقات برنج کشور

https://doi.org/10.22067/jhorts4.v30i3.44466

چکیده

در این پژوهش اثر سیستم‌های مدیریت ارگانیک، تلفیقی و متداول بر خصوصیات فیزیکوشیمیایی میوه انار رقم رباب شیراز در زمان برداشت بررسی شد. خصوصیات فیزیکی میوه و آریل، ویژگی‌های کیفی میوه مانند مواد جامد محلول (TSS)، اسید قابل تیتر (TA)، شاخص طعم (TSS/TA) و pH آب انار، ترکیبات بیوشیمیایی مانند میزان آنتوسیانین کل، فنل کل، فلاونوئید کل و ظرفیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی آب انار و مقدار عناصر غذایی پوست میوه و آریل اندازه‌گیری شدند. نتایج نشان داد که وزن میوه، وزن آریل، میزان آب پوست و TSS در سیستم مدیریت مرسوم به طور معنی‌داری بیش‌تر از مدیریت ارگانیک است. از نظر میزان pH، TA، TSS/TA، آنتوسیانین کل و فلاونوئید کل تفاوت معنی‌داری بین سیستم‌های مدیریتی باغ وجود نداشت، درحالی‌که میزان فنل کل و ظرفیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی میوه‌های سیستم مدیریت ارگانیک به طور معنی‌داری بیش‌تر از میوه‌های سیستم مدیریت مرسوم بود. نتایج تجزیه عناصر غذایی نشان داد که غلظت فسفر، کلسیم و منیزیم پوست میوه و غلظت نیتروژن، فسفر، پتاسیم، کلسیم و منیزیم آریل میوه‌های تولید شده در سیستم مدیریت ارگانیک کمتر از سیستم مدیریت مرسوم بود، اما نسبت کلسیم به دیگر عناصر در آریل میوه‌های ارگانیک به طور معنی‌داری بیش‌تر از سیستم مدیریت مرسوم بود. همبستگی مثبت و معنی‌داری بین فنل کل و ظرفیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی آب انار وجود داشت. در مجموع، نتایج نشان داد میوه‌های ارگانیک با داشتن میزان فنل کل و ظرفیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی بالاتر از ارزش غذایی بالاتری برخوردارند، همچنین آریل این میوه از نسبت کلسیم به نیتروژن، پتاسیم و منیزیم بالاتری برخوردارند، که می تواند روی کیفیت پس از برداشت میوه‌ها موثر باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• آنتوسیانین
• انار
• ارگانیک
• ترکیبات آنتی‌اکسیدانی

20.1001.1.20084730.1395.30.3.15.4

عنوان مقاله [English]

A Comparison of Conventional, Integrated and Organic Management Systems on the Quality of Pomegranate Fruit cv. “Rabbab-e- Shiraz”

نویسندگان [English]

• Maisam Ahmadi ¹
• Mahmood Ghasemnejad ¹
• Hossein Meighani ²
• Masoud Kavoosi ³

¹ University of Guilan

² University of Jiroft

³ Rice Research Institute of Iran, Rasht

چکیده [English]

Introduction: Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.), belonging to Punicaceae family, is a tropical and subtropical attractive deciduous or evergreen shrub and is one of the native fruits of Iran. With total production of 941804 tons in 2013, Iran is one of the most important pomegranate producers in the world. Pomegranate is an important source of bioactive compounds. Despite the high nutritional values of pomegranate fruits, the overuse of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides in conventional systems reduces nutritional and functional quality of pomegranate fruits. On the other hand, world demand for organic products is growing rapidly in developed countries, especially in Europe, USA, Japan and Australia. Previous studies showed that organic fruits contain higher minerals, vitamins and oxidant activity than conventional crops. Therefore, the aim of the present paper was to compare organic, integrated and conventional management systems in pomegranate orchard on mineral contents and qualitative attributes of pomegranate fruit.
Materials and methods: Pomegranate (cv. Rabbab-e-Shiraz) grown under organic, conventional and integrated management systems in a commercial orchard, in Nourabad Mamsani, Fars province, was used for this study. Pomegranate fruits were harvested at commercial harvest stage and transported in an air-conditioned vehicle to the laboratory of Horticultural Science Department, University of Guilan, Rasht. Some factors like fruit, aril and peel weight, aril length, weight ratio of peel to aril, peel to fruit and aril to fruit, and seed firmness (Penetrometer, with the diameter of 11 mm) were assessed. In addition, qualitative properties (Total Soluble Solids (TSS), TA (Titratable Acidity), TSS/TA and pH), antioxidant compounds (total phenol, flavonoids and anthocyanin content) in pomegranate juice and mineral nutrients (N, P, K, Ca and Mg) in peel and arils were measured. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications.
Results and discussion: The results showed that fruit, arils and peel weight and fresh weight of peel were significantly higher in conventional system than organic management system. Fruit weight depends on plant nutrition, which, in turn, significantly influences postharvest quality. It is possibly due to smaller cells and less intercellular spaces in organic fruits. In this study, fruit size in organic management system was significantly lower than conventional system; our results in this regard are in accordance with the previous studies reported on kiwifruit, apple and grape . Fruit taste is determined mainly by juice TSS and the ratios between TSS and TA. In this study, juice TSS in conventional and integrated management systems was higher than organic fruits at harvest time. Our findings are in agreement with Beng et al. (6), who reported higher amount of TSS in kiwifruit obtained from conventional system than organic system due to more mature fruit and greater use of nitrogen fertilizers.
No difference was found for pH, TA, TSS/TA, seed firmness, total anthocyanin and flavonoid content among the three management systems. The antioxidant activity properties of pomegranate juice were attributed to polyphenols, sugar-containing polyphenolic tannins and anthocyanins. In this study, total phenolic content and antioxidant activity in fruits obtained from organic management system were greater than conventional management system. These results are in agreement with the findings reported in blueberry, peach and grape, apple, kiwifruit and strawberry fruits. Mineral nutrient analysis showed that the concentrations of P, Ca and Mg in peel, and N, P, K, Ca and Mg in aril of organic fruits were lower than fruits of conventional system, but the ratio of Ca to other elements in the arils of organic fruits was significantly higher than conventional system fruits. In apple, N concentration of conventionally grown fruits was higher, while K, Ca, Na and Mg concentrations of organic fruits were higher than conventional fruits. There were positive correlations between total phenolic content and antioxidant activity in pomegranate juice, which was in agreement with the results reported in kiwifruit and grape fruits.
Conclusion: The results of the current study indicated that fruit quality of pomegranate cv. Rabbab-e-Shiraz was affected by the type of orchard management system. Although fruits obtained from organic system had smaller size in comparison with the fruits of other systems, the amount of total phenolic content and antioxidant activity was higher in organic system compared with conventional system, representing a higher nutritional value of organically grown fruits than conventionally grown fruits. Furthermore, organic fruits had higher Ca to N, Mg and K ratio, which can affect the shelf life and postharvest quality of pomegranate fruits.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Anthocyanin
• Antioxidant compound
• Organic
• Pomegranate

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