ارزیابی اثر بیوفسفر و اسیدهیومیک بر برخی خصوصیات رشدی و میزان روغن بذر گل مغربی

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• زینب آقاخانی
• مجید عزیزی
• حسین آرویی

دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

https://doi.org/10.22067/jhorts4.v0i0.37779

چکیده

به منظور بررسی اثر بیوفسفر و سطوح مختلف اسید هیومیک بر برخی خصوصیات کمی و کیفی گل مغربیآزمایشیبه صورت فاکتوریلدر قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی با 8 تیمار و 3 تکراردر مزرعه آموزشی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد انجام شد. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل 4 سطح اسید هیومیک (صفر، 1، 3 و 5 میلی‌لیتر در لیتر) و دو سطح بیوفسفر (کاربرد و عدم کاربرد) بودند. نتایج بدست آمده نشانداد بیشترین ارتفاع گیاه (59/85 سانتیمتر)، تعداد بذر کپسول های ساقه اصلی (17/251) و درصد روغن (75/21درصد) در اثر متقابل بین سطح 5 میلی‌لیتر بر لیتر و بدون کاربرد بیوفسفر و عملکرد بذر (1080کیلوگرم در هکتار) و عملکرد روغن (227 کیلوگرم در هکتار) در اثر متقابل بین سطح 3 میلی‌لیتر بر لیتر و بدون کاربرد بیوفسفر به دست آمد. اثر ساده اسید هیومیک نیز بر بهبود برخی از صفات گل مغربی اثر معنی داری داشت، به طوری‌که بیشترین میزان تعداد شاخه جانبی (8/26) و تعداد کپسول ساقه اصلی (35/117) در سطح 5 میلی‌لیتر بر لیتر با تیمار اسید هیومیک به دست آمد. بیوفسفر نیز بر افزایش تعداد شاخه جانبی تاثیر معنی داری داشت. استفاده از این کود به تنهایی و بدون کاربرد اسید هیومیک بالاترین میزان کپسول شاخه های جانبی را تولید کرد. کاربرد بیوفسفر بر درصد روغن افزایش معنی داری نداشت و عملکرد روغن با کاربرد این کود در سطح صفر و 1 اسیدهیومیک نسبت به شاهد کاهش یافت و در سطح 3 و 5 میلی‌لیتر در لیتر اسید هیومیک تفاوت معنی داری نسبت به شاهد نداشت. از میان سطوح مختلف اسید هیومیک سطح 3 و 5 میلی‌لیتر در لیتر نتایج بهتری بر روی صفات اندازه گیری شده داشتند و به جز درصد و عملکرد روغن در اثر متقابل با بیوفسفر دارای اثرات بهتری بودند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• باکتری‌های حل کننده فسفات
• عملکرد
• کشت ارگانیک
• کودهای آلی
• گیاه دارویی

20.1001.1.20084730.1396.31.2.14.8

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of Bio-phosphor and HumicAcid on Growth Parameters and Oil Content in Evening Primrose (Oenotherabiennis L.)

نویسندگان [English]

• Zeinab Aghakhani
• Majid Azizi
• Hossein Arouiee

Ferdowsi University of mashhad

چکیده [English]

Introduction: Evening primrose (OenotherabiennisL.) is a relatively new and valuable oilseed crop for temperate region. Its oilseed is important because of high levels of unsaturated fatty acids, especially gamma-linolenic acid. Seeds contain 20-30% oil which includes 70% linoleic acid (LA) and 10% gamma linolenic acid (GLA). Oil content in O. biennis is a quantitative trait which controlled by many genes and similar to any other quantitative traits varies with environmental conditionssuch factors as age of seed and growth conditions. Evening primrose oil, especially gamma-linolenic acid, has many therapeutic properties, and it uses as cure for many diseases such as Diabetes, Eczema, inflammation, Cardiovascular, Cancer, Autoimmune diseases, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Depression. Studies on Medicinal Plants in nature and farmlands show that the use of sustainable agriculturae andnatural sources are two suitable methods for producing healthy plants.Additionally, the use of bio-fertilizers lead to maximum yield and quality in these plants. Azizi et al.(6) showed that interactions of vermicompost and plant density had significant effect on oil content, oil density and refractive index of evening primrose oil. The best treatments were also including 2 Kg/m2 of vermicompost,20 plants/ m2in terms of oil production,9 plants/ m2in terms of oil quality and ratio of unsaturated fatty acids to saturated, respectively.
Material and Method: The aim of this research was to determine the effect of humic acid and bio-phosphor application on growth parameters in O. biennis. The experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with 8 treatments and three replicates during 2013-2014 growing season, at the experimental farm of the faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad.. Treatments consisted of 4 levels of humic acid (0, 1, 3, 5 ml/L) and 2 levels of bio-phosphor (without bio-phosphor or with bio-phosphor). Liquid form of humic acid was used, which has low percentage of organic matters (16.5%) and applied as foliar spray after stem elongation in three stages with 10 days intervals until flowers stage. The use of bio-phosphor contain three strains of phosphate solubilizing bacteria(Pseudomonas pautida, Bacillus circulans and Bacillus subtilus) withCFU 108 numbers of spores (the number of living cells of each bacteria per milliliter). Analysis of variance was calculated using MSTATC andDuncan's multiple range tests was employed at probability level of 5%.
Results and Discussion: The results showed thatmaximum plant height (85.59 cm),number of seed per capsules on main shoot (251.17), oil percent (21.75 %) was obtainedby interaction effect between 5 ml/Lhumic acid and without bio-phosphor. Also, seed yield (1080 kg/ha) and oil yield (227 kg/ha) increased byinteraction effect between 3 ml/Lhumic acid and without bio-phosphor. Humic acid had a significant effect on increasing number of lateral branches (26/8), number of capsules on main shoot (117/35), as the highest value of all traits were obtained in 5 ml/L humic acid treatment. The highest number of capsules in lateral branches was observed in bio-phosphor treatment without humic acid. Bio-phosphor application had no significant effect on increasing oil percent. Oil yield was reduced by using of this fertilizer with 1ml/L humic acid treatment but application of 3 and 5 ml/L of humic acid showed no significant difference in comparison to control. Ahmed et al.reported that humic acid is a suspension based on potassium humate, which can be used as a plant growth stimulant in order to increase plant natural resistance against diseases and pests and subsequently increase plant yields. Phosphorus is an important element for cell division, root development and seed formation. Phosphate solubilizing bacteria produce organic acids which increase solubility of phosphorus and make it available for plants. Use of bio-fertilizers not only improves plant structure and activity of beneficial soil microorganisms, also it provides good availability of water and nutrients which finally improve plant yield. It can be said that foliar spray by humic acid stimulates plant growth and increaseevening primrose oil content.
Conclusions: Application of 3 and 5 ml/L of humic acid had the best results on traits andinteraction effect between humic acid and bio-phosphor showed positive effects on all traits except oil percent and oil yield. Generally, humic acid had positive effect on plant growth, oil yield, content and composition. Although, bio-phosphor had good effect on seed yield as a growth trait,its application with humic acid improved this trait.While bio-phosphor had no significant effect on oil content, it can be relative impact on oil composition.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Phosphate solubilizig bacteria
• Plant yield
• Organic Culture
• Organic fertilizers
• Medicinal plant

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