Determination of the Appropriate Harvest Time and Storability of some Cultivars and Promising Genotypes of Quince (Cydonia oblonga Mill.) in Cold Storage Conditions

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

• Maryam Tatari
• Mehrdad Mahlouji
• Ebrahim Ghorbani

Isfahan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center

https://doi.org/10.22067/jhorts4.v33i4.74752

Abstract

Introduction: The evaluation of storage characteristics and determination of resistance to post-harvest disorders in horticultural crops is highly important. ‘Viduja’ as new quince cultivar and KVD2 and KVD4 promising quince genotypes were collected from different regions of Isfahan Province. As these cultivar and promising genotypes are new, it is necessary to determine the most appropriate harvest time for them based on effective harvest indices. This research was carried out for the determination of the best harvest time and storage period of these promising quince cultivar and genotypes.
Material and Methods: This experiment was carried out on 'Viduja' as new cultivar and KVD2 and KVD4 genotypes as promising genotypes and 'Isfahan' cultivar as control, which was grafted on hawthorn seedling rootstock. In April, the full bloom time of these cultivars and genotypes was monitored to report harvest time based on the number of days after flowering for each cultivar and genotype. Fruits were harvested on October 6th, 14th, and 21th, 2016 in the horticultural research station of Mobarakeh. Fruits were transferred to cold storage with 0±1°C and 90±5% R.H. for five months. Some traits were measured in the harvesting date and also at the end of every month. These traits included weight loss percentage, fruit firmness, TSS, TSS/TA, pectin, total phenol, surface browning and decay percentage. The experiment was carried out as a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with three replicates (10 fruits in each replicate).
Results and Discussion: 'Viduja' cultivar and KVD2 and KVD4 genotypes were early flowering and had similar flowering time. Isfahan quince cultivar was late flowering and had moderate overlap with KVD2 and KVD4 genotypes. According to the results, the highest weight loss was observed in the fifth month of storage. In this month, 'Isfahan' and 'Viduja' cultivars showed the most and the least weight loss, respectively. Others showed increased water loss and reduced fruit weight with increased storage time. For example, with increasing the duration of storage in the cold storage, the weight loss of 'Gorton' quince cultivar increased. In all cultivars and genotypes, the highest TSS and TSS/TA were founded in the third harvest and fifth and fourth month of storage. Mosharraf and Ghasemi (34) reported that TSS in the last harvesting time and after five months of storage time was 20.16% in 'Isfahan' cultivar. In their research, TSS was 14.75% in harvesting time that was less than the rate of this trait in the current study. The highest TSS/TA belonged to 'Isfahan' and 'Viduja' cultivars. The highest fruit firmness was obtained at harvest time of 'Isfahan' and KVD2 genotype, and the lowest of that was observed in five months after the storage of KVD4 genotype. In the Esme quince cultivar, the fruit firmness in the third harvest quickly decreased, and after six months it was 3 kg cm-2. At harvesting time of KVD4 genotype, the highest phenol content was observed. 'Isfahan', 'Viduja' cultivars and KVD2 genotype showed the lowest phenol content after five months of storage. Increasing the storage period resulted in a decrease in phenol content in all cultivars and genotypes. Similarly, other researchers showed that the total phenol content gradually decreased with prolonged fruit storage (6 and 7). KVD4 genotype and 'Isfahan' cultivar showed the most pectin content at harvesting time. Increasing the storage time reduced the rates of pectin. According to Mosharraf and Ghasemi (39), increased storage period reduces pectin content in Isfahan cultivar fruits. The fruit surface browning was begun from the fourth month of storage, and there was no significant difference with the amount of this trait in the fifth month. Surface browning in the third harvest of Esme cultivar was also more than the previous harvestings, and eventually reached 70% (30). With prolonging storage time, the decay percentage increased. The first decay was observed from the third month of storage and reached its highest level in the fifth month. Isfahan cultivar had the highest percentage of decay. Other cultivar and genotypes had no significant difference in decay percentage.
Conclusions Finally, the best harvesting time for 'Isfahan', 'Viduja', KVD2 and KVD4 cultivars and genotypes were 185, 200, 200 and 193 days after full bloom respectively. Fruit storage in the cold for four months is advisable for 'Isfahan' and 'Viduja' cultivars and KVD4 genotype. In KVD2 genotype fruits, five-month storage is recommended.

Keywords

• Post harvest
• surface browning
• pectin
• Phenol content

20.1001.1.20084730.1398.33.4.6.8

References

1- Abdollahi H. 2012. Evaluation of productive and vegetative traits an compatibility of new cultivars and genotypes of quince. Final Report of Research Project. Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Karaj, Iran 165p. (in Persian with English abstract)

2- Alipour M., Abdollahi H., Abdousi V., Ghasemi A., Adli M., and Mohammadi M. 2014. Evaluation of vegetative and reproductive characteristics and distincness of some quince (Cydonia oblonga Mill.) genotypes from different regions of Iran. Seed and Plant Improvement Journal, 3: 507-529.

3- Amiot M.J., Tacchini M., Aubert S., and Nicolas J. 1992. Phenolic composition and browning susceptibility of various apple cultivars at maturity. Food Science, 57: 958-962.

4- Amodio M.L., Colelli G., Hasey J.K., and Kader A.A. 2007. A comparative study of composition and postharvest performance of organically and conventionally grown kiwifruits. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 87: 1228-1236.

5- Angelov T. 1975. Studies on fruit respiration in some quince cultivars with reference to determining the optimal harvesting date. Gradinarska I Lozarska Nauka, 12: 11-18.

6- Ardekani E., Davari Nezhad G.H., and Azizi M. 2013. Effect of foliar application of salicylic acid before harvest on shelf life, quality in post harvest and antioxidant activity in apricot cv. Nouri. Journal of Horticultural Science, 26: 448-459. (in Persian with English abstract)

7- Ashour Nezhad M., Ghasemnezhad M., Aghajanzadeh S., Fattahi Moghadam J., and Bakhshi D. 2013. Evaluation of storage life and postharvest quality of kiwifruit cv, 'Hayward' fruits produced in conventional and organic agricultural systems. Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable production, 22: 1-12. (in Persian with English abstract).

8- Awad M.A., and De Jager A. 2000. Flavonoid and chlorogenic acid changes in skin of ‘Elstar’ and ‘Jonagold’ apples during and after regular and ultra low oxygen storage. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 20: 15-24.

9- Ayfer M., Koksal A., Celik M., Kaynak L., and Turk R. 1983. Researches on the cold storage conditions of the quince. Symposium of the storage, market preparation and delivery of the products in Turkey. TUBITAK, p. 48-57.

10- Brown B.I. 1989. Temperature management and chilling injury of tropical and subtropical fruit. Acta Horticulturae, 175: 339-342.

11- Burdon J., and Clark C. 2001. Effect of postharvest water loss on ‘Hayward’ kiwifruit water status. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 22: 215-225.

12- Chen J.L., Yan S., Feng Z., Xiao L., and Hu X. S. 2006. Changes in the volatile compounds and chemical and physical properties of ‘Yali’ pear (Pyrus bertschneideri Rehd) during storage. Food Chemistry, 97: 248-255.

13- Crisosto C.H., Garner D., and Saez K. 1999. Kiwifruit Postharvest Quality Maintenance Guidelines. Central Valley Post harvest Newsletter, 8: 1-11.

14- Elgar H.J., Watkins C.B., and Lalu N. 1999. Harvest date and crop load effects on a carbon dioxiderelated storage injury of ‘Braeburn’ apple. Horticultural Science, 2: 305-309.

15- Eshghi M., Hajnajari H., Kalantari S., Damyar S., and Rasouli V. 2011. Changes in physical and biochemical traits in native summer-ripening apple cultivars during cold storage. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 1: 59-70. (in Persian with English abstract)

16- Etienne A., Genard M., Lobit P., Mbeguie-A-Mbeguie D., and Bugaud C. 2013. What controls fleshy fruit acidity? A review of malate and citrate accumulation infruit cells. Journal of Experimental and Botany, 64: 1451-1469.

17- Farooq R.A., and Khan I. 2012. Physico- chemical quality of apple cv. Gala fruit stored at low temprature. FUUAST Journal of Biology, 2: 103-107.

18- Franck C., Lammertyn J., Ho Q.T., Verboven P., Verlinden B., and Nicolai B.M. 2007. Browning disorders in pear fruit. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 43: 1-13.

19- Ghafir S., Gadalla S., Murajei B., and El-Nady M. 2009. Physiological and anatomical comparison between four different apple cultivars under cold-storage conditions. African Journal of Plant Science, 3: 133-138.

20- Ghasemi A. 2002. Collection and identification of different quince genotype (Cydonia oblonga Mill.) in Isfahan province. Final Report of Research Project. Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Center of Isfahan, Iran 123p. (in Persian with English abstract)

21- Gorji Chakespari A., and Mobli H. 2010. Post harvest physical and nutritional properties of two apple varieties. Journal of Agricultural Science, 2:61-68.

22- Gunes N.T., Dumanoglu H., and Poyrazoglu E.S. 2012. Use of 1-MCP for keeping postharvest quality ok Ekmek quince fruit. Acta Horticulturae, 1: 297-302.

23- Halinska A., and Frenkel C. 1991. Acetaldehyde stimulation of net gluconeogenic carbonmovement from applied malic acid in tomato fruit pericarp tissue. Plant Physiology, 3: 954-960.

24- Harker F.R., Feng J., Johnston J.W., Gamble J., Alavi M., Hall M., and Chheang S.L. 2019. Influence of post-harvest water loss on apple quality: The use of a sensory panel to verify destructive and non-destructive instrumental measurements of texture. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 148: 32-37.

25- Harker F.R., Redgwell R.J., Hallet I.C., Murray S., and Carter G. 1997. Texture of freshfruit. Horticultural Review, 20: 212-224.

26- Hoseini Farahi M., Aboutalebi A., and Panahi Kord Laghari K.H. 2008. Study on fruit firmness changes in Golden and Golden Delicious apple cultivars, post harvest in attention to rootstock type, cultivar and calcium chloride treatment. Journal of Agronomy and Horticulturae (Pajouhesh and Sazandegi), 1: 74-79.

27- Hudina M., and Stampar F. 2004. Free sugar and sorbitol content in pear (Pyrus communis L.) cv. Williams during fruit development using different treatment. Acta Horticulturae, 576: 279-288.

28- Kalt W. 2005. Effects of production and processing factors on major fruit and vegetable antioxidants. Journal of Food Science, 70: 11-19.

29- Khosh Ghalb H., Arzani K., Malakouti M.J., and Barzegar M. 2008. Changes of sugars and organic acids contents in two Asian pear cultivars (Pyrus serotina Rehd.) during fruit development and postharvest storage and its effect on fruit shelf life, quality and internal browning disorder. Journal of Water and Soil Science, 12:193-204. (in Persian with English abstract)

30- Konopacka D., and Płocharski W.J. 2002. Effect of picking maturity, storage technology and shelf life on changes of apple firmness of 'Elstar', 'Jonagold' and 'Gloster' cultivars. Journal of Fruit and Ornamental Plant Research, 10: 11-22.

31- Kovacs E., and Meresz P. 2004. The effect of harvesting time on the biochemical and ultrastructural changes in Idared apple. Acta Alimentaria, 33: 285.296.

32- Kupferman E., Spotts R., and Sugar D. 1995. Practices to reduce postharvest pear diseases. Tree Fruit Postharvest Journal, 6: 18-23.

33- Kuzucu F., and Sakaldas M. 2008. The effects of different harvest times and packaging types on fruit quality of Cydonia oblonga cv. Esme. Journal of Agricultural Faculty HR. U. 3: 33-39.

34- Kvikliene N., and Valiuskaite A. 2009. Influence of maturity stage on fruit quality during storage of ‘Shampion’ apples. Scientific Works of the Lithuanian Institute of Horticulture and Lithuanian University of Agriculture. Sodininkyste Ir Darzininkyste, 3: 117-123

35- Lemoine M.L., Civello P.M., Martınez G.A., and Chaves A.R. 2007. Influence of postharvest UV-C treatment on refrigerated storage of minimally processed broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. Italica). Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 87: 1132-1139.

36- Lin Y.F., Lin H.T., Lin Y.X., Zhang S., Chen Y.H., and Jiang X.J. 2016. The roles of metabolism of membrane lipids and phenolics in hydrogen peroxide-induced pericarp browning of harvested longan fruit. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 111: 53-61.

37- Maniei A. 1995. Planting to harvest of pear and quince. Technical publication Iran 113p. (in Persian with English abstract).

38- Mohebi M., Babalar M., Askari M.A., Talaei A., and Barker A.V. 2017. Effects of harvest date on apple fruit quality at harvesting and after cold storage. International Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology, 4: 21-27.

39- Mosharaf L., and Ghasemi A. 2004. Effect of harvesting time to increase the storage life of Isfahan quince cultivar. Journal of Sciences and Technology of Agriculture and Natural Resources, 2: 181-189. (in Persian with English abstract)

40- Nikkhah S.H. 2011. Effect of harvesting time and sodium chloride concentration on storage quality of Spadona and Koshia pear cultivars.Horticultural Science Journal, 3: 243-250.

41- Nikkhah S.H., and Ghanji Moghadam E. 2006. Maintenance of qualitative and quantitative characteristics of Gorton quince cultivar using Thiabendazole fungicide. 4th Congress of Horticultural Science, Mashhad, Iran.

42- Paniagua C., Pose S., Morris V.J., Kirby A.R., Quesada M.A., and Mercado J.A. 2014. Fruit softening and pectin disassembly: an overview of nanostructural pectin modifications assessed by atomic force microscopy. Annals of Botany, 114: 1375-1383.

43- Pasquariello M.S., Rega P., Migliozzi T., Capuano L.R., Scortichini M., and Petriccione M. 2013. Effect of cold storage and shelf life on physiological and quality traitsof early ripening pear cultivars. Scientia Horticulturae, 162: 341-350.

44- Raese J.T., and Drake S.R. 2000. Effect of calcium sprays, time of harvest, cold storage and ripeness on fruit quality of ‘Anjou’ pears. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 23: 843-853.

45- Rasoulzadegan Y. 1992. Tree growing in temperate regions. Publication of Isfahan University of Technology, 756p. (in Persian with English abstract)

46- Rahemi M., and Akbari H. 2004. The effects of thermal treatment and type of packaging on quality and storage period of quince fruit. Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology, 4: 72-83. (in Persian with English abstract)

47- Singleton V.L., and Rossi J.A. 1965. Colorimetry of total phenolics with phospho- molybdic-phospho- tungstic acid reagents. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 16: 144-158.

48- Soska A., and Tomala K. 2006. Internal quality of apples during storage. AGRONOMIJAS VESTIS (Latvian Journal of Agronomy), 9: 146-151

49- Thakur B.R., Singh R.K., and Nelson P.E. 1996. Quality Attributes of processed tomato Products. Food Reviews International, 3: 357-401.

50- Valero D., and Serrano M. 2010. Postharvest biology and technology for preserving fruit quality. CRC-Taylor and Francis, Boca Raton, USA.

51- Weibel F., Widmer F., and Husistein A. 2004. Comparison of production systems: integrated and organic apple production. Part III: Inner quality: composition and sensory. Schweizer Zeitschrift für Obst- und Weinbau, 140: 10-13.

52- Zhang L., Wang J., Zhou B., Li G., Liu Y., Xia X.L., Xia Z., Lu F., and Ji S. 2019. Calcium inhibited peel browning by regulating enzymes in membrane metabolism of ‘Nanguo’ pears during post-ripeness after refrigerated storage. Scientia Horticulturae, 244 :15-21.