بررسی اثر سه گونه قارچ مایکوریزا آربوسکولار بر برخی خصوصیات فیزیولوژیکی و رشدی دانهال‌های هلو تحت شرایط تنش خشکی

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• سعیده خدایی ¹
• ابراهیم گنجی مقدم ²
• محبوبه زمانی پور ³

¹ دانشگاه آزاد شیروان، شیروان، ایران

² بخش تحقیقات علوم زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خراسان رضوی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی

³ گروه کشاورزی، دانشکده فنی و مهندسی، دانشگاه ولایت، ایرانشهر، ایران

https://doi.org/10.22067/jhs.2023.79317.1202

چکیده

 از آنجایی‌که ایران یکی از مناطق خشک و نیمه‌خشک جهان است و با توجه به اهمیت فراوان آب در کشاورزی، انجام تحقیقاتی برای مقابله با تنش خشکی به‌منظور تولید محصولات باکیفیت‌تر بسیار حائز اهمیت است. در این راستا، این مطالعه با هدف بررسی تأثیر سه گونه قارچ مایکوریزا آربوسکولار بر برخی ویژگی‌های مورفولوژیکی و فیزیولوژیکی نهال‌های هلو در شرایط تنش خشکی انجام شد. قارچ­های مایکوریزا آربوسکولار با ریشه گیاهان مختلف همزیستی دارند و تأثیر گسترده­ای بر رشد آن­ها دارند. این قارچ­ها در استقرار اولیه گیاه در شرایط خشکی مؤثر هستند. قارچ­های مایکوریزا آربسکولار با افزایش رشد و جذب عناصر غذایی به­ویژه فسفر، مقاومت گیاه را در برابر کم آبی افزایش می­دهند. به­منظور بررسی اثر سه گونه قارچ مایکوریزا آربوسکولار بر برخی خصوصیات دانهال­های هلو تحت شرایط تنش خشکی، آزمایشی به­صورت فاکتوریل دو عامله در قالب طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار اجرا گردید. فاکتورهای آزمایش شامل: تنش خشکی در چهار سطح (40، 60، 80 و 100 درصد ظرفیت مزرعه) به­عنوان فاکتور اول و کاربرد قارچ مایکوریزا در 14 سطح (سه گونه قارچ مایکوریزا شامل Glomus mosseae، Glomus intraradices و Glomus hoi در غلظت­های مختلف، مخلوط این سه گونه هر کدام در سه غلظت (75، 100 و 125 گرم در گلدان) به همراه کود شیمیایی (100 گرم سوپر فسفات تریپل به ازای هر گلدان) و تیمار کود شیمیایی (بدون قارچ مایکوریزا) و شاهد (بدون کود شیمیایی و قارچ مایکوریزا) به­عنوان فاکتور دوم بودند. نتایج نشان دادند که در شرایط تنش خشکی، مقادیر حجم ریشه، شاخص سبزینگی، فلورسانس کلروفیل، نشت یونی برگ، کلونیزاسیون ریشه و فسفر برگ کاهش یافتند. بعلاوه، با افزایش شدت تنش (40 درصد ظرفیت مزرعه)، صفات مورد مطالعه تحت تأثیر منفی بیشتری قرار گرفتند. با توجه به نتایج به‌دست‌آمده در این آزمایش، استفاده از قارچ­های مایکوریزا (G. mosseae و G. intraradices) در کاهش اثرات تنش خشکی مؤثر بودند. هم­چنین، استفاده از این قارچ­ها اثر مثبتی بر کاهش نشت یونی برگ در شرایط کم آبی شدید داشتند. با توجه به نتایج این آزمایش، بهترین تیمار مربوط به قارچ مایکوریزا گونه G. mosseae بود و بیشترین تأثیر را در کاهش اثرات منفی تنش به جای گذاشت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• حجم ریشه
• درجه سبزینگی
• فلورسانس کلروفیل
• کلونیزاسیون ریشه
• نشت یونی

موضوعات

• میوه کاری

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Three Species of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on some Physiological and Growth Characteristics of Peach Seedlings under Drought Stress Conditions

نویسندگان [English]

• Sayeede Khodaei ¹
• Ebrahim Ganji Moghadam ²
• Mahboobeh Zamanipour ³

¹ Shirvan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shirvan, Iran

² Crop and Horticultural Science Research Department, Khorasan Razavi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Mashhad, Iran

³ Department of Agriculture, Technical and Engineering Faculty, Velayat University, Iranshahr, Iran

چکیده [English]

Introduction
Since Iran is one of the arid and semi-arid regions of the world and due to the great importance of water in agriculture, it is very important to conduct research to improve drought stress in order to produce more quality products. In this regard, this study was conducted to investigate the effect of mycorrhiza species on some morphological and physiological characteristics of peach seedlings under drought stress. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi coexist with the roots of various plants and have a broad effect on their growth. These fungus are effective in the initial establishment of the plant under drought conditions. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi increases plant resistance to dehydration by increasing growth and uptake of nutrients, especially phosphorus.
 
Matherials and Methods
In order to investigate the effect of three species of Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on some vegetative characteristics and phosphorus absorption of peach seedlings under drought stress conditions, a factorial experiment was conducted based on a randomized complete block design with four replications. The experimental factors included: drought stress at four levels (100, 80, 60 and 40 percent of field capacity) and the second factor application of mycorrhizal fungus at four levels: application of three species of mycorrhiza fungi and three species of fungi, each in three concentration (75, 100, 125 g in a pot) with chemical fertilizer (100 g triple super phosphate for each pot) and fertilizer (without mycorrhiza) and control (without fertilizer and mycorrhiza). The measurements were comprised root traits, stem diameter, vegetative growth of branches, leaf area index, vegetation index, relative leaf water content, chlorophyll fluorescence, leaf electrolyte leakage, leaf phosphorus and colonization root percent.
 
Results and Discussion
Result showed that application of mycorrhizal fungi seems to be effective in reducing the effects of dehydration stress. The use of these fungi had a positive effect on reducing leaf electrolyte leakage under severe dehydration. According to the results obtained in this experiment, the highest efficiency in drought stress conditions was observed in G. mosseae and G. intraradices. Under drought stress conditions, the lowest values of root volume, greenness index, chlorophyll fluorescence, leaf electrolyte leakage, root colonization and leaf phosphorus content were observed. With increasing of drought stress, all of the mentioned traits reduced and mycorrhiza fungi had a positive significant effect on all studied traits. In this study, it was found that with increasing stress intensity, the traits were negatively affected and led to irreparable damage to the product. Therefore, it is expected that by preventing or minimizing the effects of stress, an effective step was taken to increase performance. The significant decrease in root colonization with increasing stress is probably due to the decrease in the growth of hyphae. The most important step after spore germination is the growth of hyphae resulting from germination, which plays an essential role in root colonization. Apparently, hyphae growth is more affected by osmotic potential than spore growth. The results obtained from this research showed that the roots of peach seedlings have significant symbiosis potential with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Peymaneh & Zarei, 2013). According to Miyashita et al. (2005) Leaf photosynthesis activity can be used as a useful tool for classification of drought tolerant plants. Sajjadinia et al. (2010) regarding the relative water content and photosynthesis of several pistachio cultivars reported high correlation and high diversity in different stages and cultivars and stated that the decrease in relative water content strongly reduces transpiration, stomatal conductance and photosynthesis, which our results are consistent. With the escalation of tension, the greenness index also decreased; So that in the conditions of severe stress (40% of crop capacity), the amount of greenness index reached the lowest value. In the conditions of severe stress due to interruption of continuous irrigation, the plants entered from the stage of mild stress to the stage of severe dry stress, which seems that under these conditions, the decrease in the concentration of chlorophyll, in addition to the decrease in the amount of synthesis, is caused by the decomposition of chlorophyll due to the increase in the amount chlorophyllase, peroxidase and phenolic compounds. According to Schutz and Fangmier (2001), the decrease in the amount of chlorophyll in stress conditions is related to the increase in the production of oxygen radicals in the cell. These free radicals cause peroxidation and as a result the decomposition of this pigment. The greenness index is considered one of the most important growth parameters, which is reduced by drought stress conditions, and the results indicate that the treatment of mycorrhizal fungi in all three types of inoculated mushrooms has improved the greenness index and the adverse effects It has removed the drought stress to a great extent (Figure 6), which can be attributed to the improvement of water and food absorption by mycorrhizal roots (Larsson et al., 2008).
 
Conclusion
 In general, this study showed that the best treatment related to the mycorrizha fungi was mosseae, which had the most effect on reducing the negative effects of stress

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Chlorophyll fluorescence
• Cholorophyll index
• Electrolyte leakage
• Root colonization
• Root volume

©2023 The author(s). This is an open access article distributed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0), which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source.

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