بررسی تأثیر کاربرد سولفات پتاسیم و اسیدهیومیک بر رشد، عملکرد و میزان اسانس گل راعی (Hypericumperforatum)

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• هلاله کابلی‌فرشچی ¹
• مجید عزیزی ¹
• سید حسین نعمتی ²
• وحید روشن ³

¹ دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

² فردوسی مشهد

³ مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان فارس

https://doi.org/10.22067/jhorts4.v29i4.54576

چکیده

به منظور بررسی تأثیر دو نوع کود مختلفآلی (اسید هیومیک مایع) و غیرآلی (سولفات پتاسیم) بر خصوصیات مورفولوژیک و میزان اسانس گل راعی، آزمایشی به صورت فاکتوریل (3×3) با سه تکرار بر پایه طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد طی سال زراعی 91-90 به اجرا درآمد. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل سولفات پتاسیم (Kx) در غلظت‌های (صفر،60 و 100) کیلوگرم در هکتار واسید هیومیک (Hx) در سه سطح (صفر،20 و 40) لیتر در هکتار بودند که به ترتیب در دو مرحله (در اسفند ماه) قبل از گلدهی و هر پانزده روز یک‌بار (در مجموع چهار بار) همراه با آب آبیاریاعمال گردیدند. نتایج تجزیه واریانس صفات مورد بررسی نشان داد کهاثر ساده کود پتاسیم واسید هیومیک برارتفاع گیاه، تعداد ساقه گل‌دهندهو تعداد خوشه گل در سطح احتمال 1 درصد معنی‌دار بوده است؛ اما اثر متقابل آن‌ها بر ارتفاع گیاه معنی‌دار نشد. از سوییدر بالاترین سطح تیمارها (100 کیلوگرم کود پتاسیم (K100) و 40 لیتر اسید هیومیک (H40)) بالاترین میزان وزن تر وخشک در واحد مترمربع در برداشت اول ودوم تولیدگردید. از سوی دیگر بالاترین میزان ارتفاع، تعدادگل وتعداد شاخه گل‌دهنده نیز متعلق به همین تیمار بود. میزان اسانس به دست آمده در دو تیمار (H20×K100) و (H40×K100) از سایر تیمارها بیشتر وبا سایر سطوح تیماری اختلاف معنی‌دار نشان داد. این دو سطح کودی میزان اسانس در این گیاه را نیز افزایش داد. تجزیه عناصر غذایی ماکرو در گیاه نشان داد که تیمارهای اعمال شده بر مقادیر فسفر ونیتروژن جذب شده تأثیر معنی‌دار نداشت اما میزان پتاسیم در تیمار H40×K100 از سایر تیمارها بالاتر بود. با توجه به این‌که پراکنش طبیعی گل راعی در اراضی با پتاسیم بالا گزارش شده استاحتمال می‌رود تغذیه این گیاه با کودهای حاوی پتاسیم برای بهبود کیفیت و کمیت مواد مؤثره نیز مفید واقع گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• کود آلی
• کود شیمیایی
• گیاهان دارویی

20.1001.1.20084730.1394.29.4.3.7

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Potassium Sulphate and Humic acid on Growth, Yield and Essential Oil Content in Hypericum perforatum L.

نویسندگان [English]

• Helale Kaboli Farshchi ¹
• Majid Azizi ¹
• Seyyed Hossein Nemati ²
• Vahid Rowshan ³

¹ Ferdowsi University of Mashhad

² Ferdowsi university of Mashhad

³ Research Center of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Province Fars

چکیده [English]

Introduction: Medicinal and aromatic plants can play an important role in commercial crops, which also represent a safe alternative for chemical pharmaceutical industries. St. John’s Wort (Hypericum perforatum L.) due to its therapeutic efficacy has been used for decades in folk medicine and is considered as a promising medicinal plant with valuable potential as a source of hypericin, essential oils and antioxidants. Studies on agronomic factors such as application of potassium and humic acid as well as nitrogen fertilization on yield, essential oil and antioxidant activity of Hypericum perforatum have not been investigated thoroughly until now. This study was designed to study the effect of using humic acid and potassium sulphate on morphological and phytochemical characteristics of Hypericum perforatum.
Materials and Methods: The plant material was prepared from Science and Technology Park in Khorasan-e Razzavi–Mashhad. In spring, the plants were transplanted into the field of Horticulture department, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, for fertilizing treatments. The experimental layout was factorial in a complete randomized design (CRD), with three replications. Potassium Sulphate (K2SO4) was applied at the rates of 0.0 (K0), 60 (K60) and 100 (K100) kg ha-1. The other treatment were humic acid, which was applied at three rates 0 (H0), 20 (H20) and 40 (H40) L ha-1. Plants were treated at two stages, before flowering by potassium fertilizer and fertigated four times in 15-day intervals with humic acid. Besides the fresh and dry weight, number of flowers, stem height and number of flowering stems were determined at the end of the growing stage.
Results and Discussion: The ANOVA indicated that most of measured attributes of Hypericum perforatum plant were significantly affected by both treatments. Data presented revealed that the highest stem (91.6 cm) was recorded at the highest level of potassium sulphate (K100) treatment, while the shortest height (60.4 cm) was recorded at the lowest level of potassium sulphate (K0) treatment. On the other hand, the highest stem (80.33 cm) was achieved with the highest level of humic acid treatment. No significant difference was observed between the highest level of humic acid (H40) and the second level (H20), while both mentioned levels showed a significant difference with control (H0). This means that the control plants possessed the lowest stem height (66.7 cm). The DPPH method for evaluation of antioxidant activity reflects the ability of the present compounds to scavenge hydrophilic free radicals. DPPH inhibition was investigated and the results were evaluated as relative activities against α-tocopherol as positive control. A lower EC50 indicates a higher antioxidant activity. As it is shown, the least EC50 which indicates the highest antioxidant activity belonged to plants treated with potassium sulphate at (100 kg.ha-1). Control plants possessed the least antioxidant activity and showed no significant difference compared with plants treated with 60 kg.ha-1 of this fertilizer. Humic acid had a significant effect on antioxidant activity of H. perforatum. The lowest value of EC50 was related to the highest level of humic acid, while the highest value of EC50 was obtained from control plants. There was also significant difference between control and two other levels (20 and 40 L ha-1) of humic acid. Applied fertilizers at their high levels showed significant effects on EC50 decrease, which means the increment of antioxidant activity of H. perforatum. The high antioxidant activity of this medicinal plant is the reason of flavonoids and phenols existence. It seems that application of these fertilizers have led to increment of the mentioned secondary metabolites and followed by an increase of antioxidant activity in comparison with control plants. Totally, H. perforatum possessed a high antioxidant activity. Based on recorded data of the present study, application of the mentioned fertilizers separately or simultaneously caused the increase of this important medicinal plant fresh and dry weight, and finally the yield. Number of flowers, stem height and flowering stems reached the highest value at the highest level of both fertilizers (K100H40). As potassium plays an important role in the development of reproductive parts of plants, it might be one of the reasons of the above mentioned increase. The highest essential oil content was recorded at high levels of both fertilizers (K100H40). Since the highest essential oil content accumulates in the flowering stems, an increase of these stems height and a higher number of flowers would lead to an increase of essential oil content of H. perforatum. Antioxidant activity of this plant is flavonoids contributed. It seems that application of these fertilizers increased the antioxidant activity by an increase of this pigment content.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Medicinal plants
• Inorganic Fertilizers
• Organic fertilizers

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