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نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه تهران

2 پژوهشگاه ملی مهندسی ژنتیک و زیست فناوری

چکیده

سرمازدگی یکی از مهم‌ترین استرس های محیطی می باشد که عملکرد و کیفیت بسیاری از محصولات کشاورزی را تحت تاثیر قرار می دهد. گیاهان مختلف برای تحمل سرما و از بین بردن صدمات ناشی از آن، از سیستم های مختلفی استفاده می‌کنند. یکی از این سیستم‌ها، سیستم آنزیمی می‌باشد. برای درک بهتر پاسخ ارقام مختلف انگور به شرایط تنش دمای پایین، تغییرات آنزیمی در طی زمان‌های مختلف بعد از تنش سرما به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. نمونه‌های برگی گرفته شده ازگیاهان انگور تحت تنش سرما، برای تهیه عصاره آنزیمی در دمای منهای 80 نگهداری شدند. کاهش دما تا مرز چهار درجه سانتیگراد برای انگیزش و القا ژنهای سنتز کننده پروتئین‌های سازگاری به سرما کافی است. نتایج این آزمایش نشان داد که با کاهش دما فعالیت آنزیمی بین شش رقم انگور ایرانی (اتابکی، خلیلی دانه‌دار، شاهرودی، رجبی سیاه، عسکری و بیدانه سفید) و هم‌چنین انگور آمریکایی ریپاریا تغییر یافت. بیشترین فعالیت آنزیم کاتالاز و پراکسیداز مربوط به انگور خلیلی دانه دار و گونه ریپاریا و کمترین فعالیت مربوط به ارقام رجبی سیاه، بیدانه سفید و شاهرودی بود. فعالیت آنزیم گوئیکولپراکسیداز، در تمامی ارقام در محدوده زمانی 12 ساعت پس از اعمال تنش سرما به حداکثر رسید و پس از آن تقریبا ثابت ماند، در حالی‌که حداکثر فعالیت آنزیم کاتالاز در بین ارقام مورد آزمایش در محدوده زمانی هشت ساعت مشاهده شد. هم‌چنین شرایط تنش باعث افزایش محتوی پروتئین کل در نمونه‌هایمورد آزمایش شد که در این سنجش، رقم خلیلی دانه‌دار بیشترین میزان پروتئین کل را دارا بود و بیشترین تجمع پروتئین در محدوده زمانی 12 ساعت مشاهده شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigation of Catalase, Proxidase and Total Protein Level in Some Cold Treated Grapevine Cultivars Cold Stress Response

نویسندگان [English]

  • Maryam Karimi Alavijeh 1
  • Ali Ebadi 1
  • Amir Mousavi 2
  • Alireza Salami 1

1 Tehran University

2 National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

چکیده [English]

Chilling is an important environmental stress that influences the yield and quality of many agricultural crops. Different plants use different systems to endure this stress and minimize its effects. One of these systems is enzymatic reaction. To find out more about responses of different grapevine species and cultivars to the low temperature conditions, their enzymatic changes were evaluated in a factorial experiment based on randomized complete design with 3 replication during different periods after chilling stress. Leaf samples of plants under cold stress had been taken and maintained in -80 °C until enzyme extraction. Low temperature around 4 °C is sufficient to induce genes that produce chilling acclimatization proteins. In the present study, leaf samples were collected from the plants that were kept at 4 °C during different time intervals, and then total proteins as well as two main antioxidant enzymes (catalase and guaiacolperoxidase) activities were measured. Results showed that as temperature decreased, enzymatic activities were increased in six Iranian grapevine cultivars (‘Atabaki’, ‘Khalili-Danedar’, ‘Shahroodi’, ‘Rajabi-Siah’, ‘Askari’ and ‘Bidane-Sefid’) as well as ‘Riparia’, an American species. The highest enzymatic activities of catalase and ceroxidase were recorded in ‘Khalili-Danedar’ and ‘Riparia’. However,the lowest activities were recorded in ‘Rajabi-Siah’, ‘Bidane-Sefid’ and ‘Shahroodi’. For all studied cultivars, peroxidase showed its highest activity at 12 h after chilling stress, then remained constant, while, the highest activity of catalase were recorded at 8 h. In addition, cold stress increased the total protein content for all studied cultivars, in which ‘Khalili-Danedar’ had the highest protein content amongstudied cultivars. Also, the highest proteins content were recorded at 12 h after exposing plants to cold.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Grapevine
  • Chilling stress
  • Catalase
  • guaiacol peroxidase
  • Total proteins
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