اثر اسید جاسمونیک و اسید سالیسیلیک بر آنزیم‌های آنتی‌اکسیدانی، فنیل‌آلانین‌آمونیالیاز و ترکیبات فنلی در استویا

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• سیده فاطمه رسولی
• منوچهر قلی پور
• کامبیز جهان بین
• حمیدرضا اصغری

دانشگاه صنعتی شاهرود

https://doi.org/10.22067/jhorts4.v33i4.81571

چکیده

اسید سالیسیلیک و جاسمونات­ها به عنوان ترکیبات پیام­رسان کلیدی در فرآیند القا که منجر به تجمع متابولیت­های ثانویه می­شود بسیار مورد توجه می­باشند. محلول­پاشی با این ترکیبات باعث القا تنش کاذب و برانگیخته شدن پاسخ­های دفاعی در گیاه شده و بدنبال آن تولید متابولیت ثانویه افزایش می­یابد. این آزمایش به منظور بررسی اثر محلول­پاشی با اسید جاسمونیک و سالیسیلیک بر پراکسید هیدروژن، هدایت الکتریکی، فعالیت آنزیم­های GPX، GST، فنیل­آلانین­آمونیالیاز (PAL)، غلظت فنل کل، فلاونویید و آنتوسیانین در استویا در شرایط مزرعه­ای انجام شد. آزمایش حاضر در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با 12 تیمار و سه تکرار انجام شد. تیمار­های آزمایشی شامل محلول­پاشی با اسید جاسمونیک، اسید سالیسیلیک و ترکیب تیماری از هر دوی آنها بود. محلول­پاشی با اسید سالیسیلیک و جاسمونیک غلظت پراکسید هیدروژن را در بیشتر تیمارها نسبت به شاهد افزایش داد؛ بیشترین غلظت پراکسید هیدروژن در تیمار 20 میکرومولار اسید جاسمونیک - 1 میلی­مولار اسید سالیسیلیک با غلظت 46/5 میکرومول در بافت تر مشاهده شد؛ گیاه در پاسخ به محلول­پاشی با اسید جاسمونیک و سالیسیلیک فعالیت آنزیم­های آنتی­اکسیدانی GPX و GST را در اغلب تیمارها افزایش داد؛ بیشترین میزان فعالیت آنزیم GPX در تیمار­های 5 میکرومولار اسید جاسمونیک و تیمار ترکیبی 20 میکرومولار اسید جاسمونیک - 1 میلی­مولار اسید سالیسیلیک با میانگین144/0 و بیشترین میزان فعالیت آنزیمGST در تیمارهای 5 میکرومولار اسید جاسمونیک - 5 /0 میلی­مولار اسید سالیسیلیک و 1 میلی­مولار اسید سالیسیلیک با میانگین 35/0 میکرومول بر دقیقه بر گرم بافت تر مشاهده شد؛ به دنبال افزایش فعالیت سیستم آنتی­اکسیدانی میزان هدایت الکتریکی در بیشتر تیمارها (10 تیمار) کمتر از شاهد بود؛ کمترین میزان هدایت الکتریکی در تیمار 20 میکرومولار اسید جاسمونیک - 1 میلی­مولار اسید سالیسیلیک با میانگین 40 درصد مشاهده شد. محلول­پاشی با اسید جاسمونیک و سالیسیلیک فعالیت آنزیم PAL را در تیمارهای ترکیبی بیشتر افزایش داد. بیشترین میزان فعالیت آنزیم PAL در تیمار 50 میکرومولار اسید جاسمونیک - 1 میلی­مولار اسید سالیسیلیک مشاهده شد. بیشترین میزان غلظت فنل کل و فلاونویید در تیمار 20 میکرومولار اسید جاسمونیک - 1 میلی­مولار اسید سالیسیلیک مشاهده شد. محلول­پاشی با اسید جاسمونیک و سالیسیلیک غلظت آنتوسیانین را در تمام تیمارهای ترکیبی افزایش داد. محلول­پاشی با اسید جاسمونیک و سالیسیلیک توانست غلظت ترکیبات فلاونوییدی را به عنوان یکی از ترکیبات مهم استویا افزایش دهد. نکته قابل توجه آن است که در بیشتر صفات، تیمارهای ترکیبی اسید جاسمونیک و سالیسیلیک تأثیر بیشتری در افزایش فعالیت آنزیم PAL، غلظت فنل کل، فلاونویید و آنتوسیانین داشتند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• پراکسید هیدروژن
• فلاونویید
• GPX
• GST

20.1001.1.20084730.1398.33.4.15.7

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Jasmonic and Salicylic Acid on Antioxidant Enzymes, PAL and Phenolic Compounds in Stevia rebaudiana bertoni

نویسندگان [English]

• Seyyedeh Fatemeh Rasouli
• Manoucher Gholipoor
• Kambiz Jahanbin
• Hamid Reza Asghari

Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood

چکیده [English]

Introduction: Salicylic acid and jasmonates (chemical elicitors) are considered as key signaling compounds in induction process, which leads to accumulate of secondary metabolites. External uses of these compounds cause to induce pseudo stress in plants and excites defensive replies in plants, in response to induction of oxidative stress, the plant increases amount of antioxidant genes expression and increase enzymatic activity and non-enzymatic anti­oxidants concentration (they often have a medicinal aspect).
Material and methods: The present study investigated the effects of jasmonic acid and salicylic acid on hydrogen peroxide content, electrical lockage, GPX, GST and PAL activity, total phenol, flavonoid and anthocyanin changing in Stevia rebaudiana bertoni under field conditions. The experiment arranged as a randomized complete block design with 12 treatments and three replications in 2015-2016 at Amol city in Mazandaran Province in Iran. Experimental treatments were spraying by different concentration of jasmonic acid, salicylic acid and components of jasmonic acid- salicylic acid. Foliar application started after plant establishment in vegetative phase. Each experimental plot was 2 m× 3 m consisting 10 rows with 30 cm row spaces and seedling transplanted on 15 May. At the end of foliar application, sampling was done for the measuring. Sampling for biochemical analyses from second fully developed leaf was done and freezed in liquid nitrogen, then quickly carried out to laboratory.
Results and Discussion: The analysis of variance showed that different concentration of jasmonic acid and salicylic acid and spraying both of them in 7-day intervals appeared to be effective (with 99% confidence) on studied traits (data not shown). Spraying with jasmonic and salicylic acid increased hydrogen peroxide content in 9 treatments compared to the control. The highest amount of hydrogen peroxide content in compounds treatment 20 ????M JA -1 mM SA with mean of 5.46 ????mol in fresh weight observed. Plant in response to jasmonic and salicylic acid spraying increased GPX activity in 10 treatments and GST activity in 7 treatments compared to the control and follow them electrical lockage in most treatments (10) was lower than control. The highest amount of GPX activity in treatments 5 ????MJA and 5 ????MJA with average of 0.11 ????molmin-1g-1 FW observed. The highest amount of GST activity was obtained from treatments of 0.5 mM SA -5 ????M JA and 1 mM SA with average of 0.35 ????molmin-1g-1 FW. The PAL enzyme activity (the first enzyme in phenyl proponed compounds biosynthesis pathway) in 10 treatment increased. The highest amount of PAL activity was in compounds treatment of 50 ????M JA -1 mM SA with average of 1140 ????mol cynamic acid mg-1 protein min-1. The PAL enzyme activity had correlation with hydrogen peroxide concentration and GST activity.  The PAL enzyme initiates a phenylpropanoid route that converts L-phenylalanine to trans-cyanamide acid deamination. The PAL enzyme can consider as an antioxidant enzyme because it has the role of depositing oxygen radicals through phenolic compounds. Spraying increased total phenol content in 8 treatments compared to the control. The highest amount of total phenol content was observed in compounds treatment of 20 ????M JA -1 mM SA with mean of 423.7 mgg-1 FW. Spraying with jasmonic acid and salicylic acid increased flavonoid concentration in 9 treatments compared to the control. The highest amount of flavonoid content was in treatment of 20 ????M JA -1 mM SA with mean of 110 mgg-1 FW. Spraying increased anthocyanin concentration in 6 treatments compared to the control. Anthocyanins are the most important group of natural pigments after chlorophyll that are involved in light protection. The noticeable point is that in most treatment PAL enzyme activity, total phenol, flavonoid and anthocyanin content in compound treatment increased.
Conclusion: The highest amount of total phenol and flavonoid content observed in compounds treatment of 20 ????M JA -1 mM SA and anthocyanin increased in total compounds treatment and using PAL enzyme activity had correlation and significant effect (data not shown). Stevia has anti–cancer effect, anti-blood glucose effect and anti-cardiovascular effect. This effects for the existence phenolic compounds in stevia such that had the ability to remove ROS, so increasing phenolic component by jasmonic acid and salicylic acid spraying in stevia was useful.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• H2O2
• GST
• GPX
• Flavonoid

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