ارزیابی اثر محلول‌پاشی اسید آسکوربیک و ساکارز بر برخی خصوصیات کمی و کیفی کدوی پوست کاغذی (Cucurbita pepo var. Styriaca)

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• منصوره فدایی ¹
• وحید اکبرپور ¹
• سید جواد موسوی زاده ²
• کامران قاسمی ¹

¹ گروه علوم و مهندسی باغبانی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران

² گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران

https://doi.org/10.22067/jhs.2021.72192.1087

چکیده

در مدیریت نهاده‌های کشاورزی، استفاده از موادی که کمترین اثرات جانبی مضر را بر سلامت انسان و محیط زیست داشته باشند، توصیه می‌‌شوند. در این بین، ساکارز و اسید آسکوربیک موادی با منشأ طبیعی جهت بهبود رشد و افزایش عملکرد محصولات می‌باشند، لذا هدف از پژوهش حاضر تعیین اثر این دو ماده بر عملکرد، اجزای عملکرد و خصوصیات فیتوشیمیایی گیاه کدوی پوست کاغذی بود. این آزمایش در قالب فاکتوریل با دو فاکتور ساکارز در چهار سطح (صفر، 5، 10، 15 گرم بر لیتر) و اسید آسکوربیک در چهار سطح (صفر، 15، 30، 45 میلی‌مولار) بر پایه طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار انجام شد. با توجه به نتایج بدست آمده اثر محلول‌پاشی ساکارز و اسید آسکوربیک و برهمکنش آنها بر بیشتر صفات مورد بررسی معنی‌دار بود. کاربرد 15 گرم بر لیتر ساکارز همراه با 15 میلی‌مولار اسید آسکوربیک سبب ارتقای تعداد میوه تا 68/1 عدد در هر بوته شد که نسبت به تیمار شاهد 15 برابر افزایش نشان داد. بیشترین تعداد کل بذر با میانگین 464 عدد در هر میوه با کاربرد 5 گرم بر لیتر ساکارز همراه با 45 میلی‌مولار اسید آسکوربیک حاصل شد که در مقایسه با شاهد (33/247) افزایش 60/87 درصدی را ثبت کرد. بالاترین میزان کلروفیل کل با میانگین 081/2 (میلی‌گرم بر گرم وزن تر) با کاربرد 5 گرم بر لیتر ساکارز همراه با 15 میلی مولار اسید آسکوربیک اندازه‌گیری شد که نسبت به تیمار شاهد (044/2 میلی‌گرم بر گرم وزن تر) افزایش 81/1 درصدی را نشان داد. همچنین کاربرد 15 گرم بر لیتر ساکارز همراه با 15 میلی‌مولار اسید آسکوربیک موجب افزایش پروتئین تا 03/40 درصد شد که افزایش 26/79 درصدی نسبت به شاهد (33/22 درصد) را نشان داد. سایر نتایج حاکی از این‌است که افزایش میزان روغن بذر تا 50/44 درصد، با کاربرد 15 گرم بر لیتر ساکارز همراه با 30 میلی‌‌مولار اسید آسکوربیک و همچنین با کاربرد 10 گرم بر لیتر ساکارز همراه با 45 میلی‌مولار اسید آسکوربیک، قابل دسترسی است که نسبت به شاهد (16/38 درصد) افزایش 61/16 درصدی داشت. نتیجه پژوهش حاضر نشان داد که استفاده از نسبت‌های تلفیقی ساکارز و اسید آسکوربیک در بهبود صفات کمی و کیفی کدو از جمله محتوای پروتئین و درصد روغن بذر کدوی پوست کاغذی موثر واقع شده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• بذر
• تعداد میوه
• روغن
• کلروفیل

20.1001.1.20084730.1402.37.1.7.1

موضوعات

• گیاهان دارویی

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of the Effect of Ascorbic Acid and Sucrose Foliar Application on some Quantitative and Qualitative Characteristics of Cucurbita pepo var. Styriaca

نویسندگان [English]

• Mansoureh Fadaei ¹
• Vahid Akbarpour ¹
• Seyyed Javad Mousavizadeh ²
• Kamran Ghasemi ¹

¹ Department of Horticultural Sciences and Engineering, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran

² Department of Horticultural Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran

چکیده [English]

Introduction
Pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo) is a medicinal plant belonging to the Cucurbitaceae family and the order Cucurbitals. The seeds of this plant are a rich source of essential oils and proteins for the body. It is used in the production of various drugs such as Peponen, Pepostrin, Grunfig and treatment of prostate swelling, urinary tract inflammation, atherosclerosis, gastrointestinal regulation, etc. Since the components of medicinal plants are low at natural condition, and could be increased by means of different environmental conditions, nutrition or application of elicitors; thus, it is necessary to work on mentioned parameters effects on quantitative and qualitative attributes of medicinal plants. Recent years, many researches have been done based on natural components for increment of yield and secondary metabolites of medicinal plants. Ascorbic acid is one of these materials which its effect on plant growth has been validated. In the management of agricultural inputs, especially in the cultivation of medicinal plants, the application of substances that have the least harmful side effects on human health and the environment is recommended. Meanwhile, sucrose and ascorbic acid are healthy substances to improve growth and increase crop yield. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine the effect of these two substances on yield, yield components and phytochemical characteristics of pumpkins.
Materials and Methods
 Pumpkin seeds were prepared from Pakan Bazr Esfahan by purity of 99%. Then, planted in a farm of 500 m² at Behshar. After plant growth, spray treatments were conducted at three times as before flowering, onset of flowering and fruit set stages. This experiment was conducted in factorial with sucrose factor at four levels (0, 5, 10, 15 g.l^-1) and ascorbic acid factor at four levels (0, 15, 30, 45 mM), based on a randomized complete block design with three replications. The studied characteristics included number of leaves and fruits, plant yield, 1000-seed weight, total number of seeds, number of healthy seeds, percentage of healthy seeds, number of blank (deaf) seeds, percentage of blank seeds, total chlorophyll, antioxidant activity, phenol, flavonoids, protein and oil percentage. Statistical analysis of data was performed using SAS statistical software and comparison of mean was performed using the least significant difference (LSD) at the level of 5% probability. Figures were graphed with Excel software.
Results and Discussion
 According to this study results, the effect of foliar application of sucrose and ascorbic acid and their interaction on most of the studied traits was significant. Application of 15 g.l^-1 sucrose with 15 mM ascorbic acid increased the number of fruits to 1.68 per plant, which showed an increase compared to the control treatment. The highest total number of seeds with an average of 464 seeds per fruit was obtained by applying 5 g.l^-1 sucrose with 45 mM ascorbic acid, which compared to the control (247.33) recorded an increase of 87.60%. The highest total chlorophyll content was measured with an average of 2.081 (mg.g^-1 fresh weight) using 5 g.l^-1 sucrose with 15 mM ascorbic acid, which showed an increase of 1.81% compared to the control treatment (2.044). Also, application of 15 g.l^-1 sucrose along with 15 mM ascorbic acid increased protein by 40.03%, which showed an increase of 79.26% compared to the control (22.33). Other results indicate that increasing the amount of seed oil up to 44.50% is available with the application of 15 g.l^-1 sucrose with 30 mM ascorbic acid and also with the application of 10 g.l^-1 sucrose with 45 mM ascorbic acid; which had an increase of 16.61% compared to the control (38.16). The results of the present study showed that the application of combined ratios of sucrose and ascorbic acid has been effective in improving the quantitative and qualitative attributes of pumpkin, including protein content and percentage of pumpkin seed oil.
Conclusion
 Since the treatment of sucrose 10 g.l^-1 with 45 mM ascorbic acid significantly affected most of important attributes such as total antioxidant activity, total flavonoids, protein content and high oil content, therefore, this combination of treatment can be applied to increase the quality of pumpkin seeds. However, if only quantity is important, the treatment of sucrose 15 g.l^-1 with 15 mM ascorbic acid, which caused the highest number of fruits per plant, the highest yield as well as the highest protein, can be recommended.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Chlorophyll
• Fruit
• Oil
• Seed

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