بررسی اثر سلنیوم بر برخی صفات مورفولوژیکی و فیزیولوژیکی گیاه فلفل تند (Capsicum anuum)

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• لیلا شکاری ¹
• محمد مجتبی کامل منش ¹
• مریم مظفریان ²
• فرشاد صادقی ³

¹ دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد شیراز

² دانشگاه ازاد اسلامی شیراز

³ دانشگاه ازاد اسلامی واحد شیراز

https://doi.org/10.22067/jhorts4.v29i4.32110

چکیده

سلنیوم عنصری سودمند با خواص آنتی اکسیدانی و آنتی ویروسی است که باعث افزایش رشد گیاهان می شود. به منظور بررسی اثر سلنیوم بر رشد رویشی گیاه فلفل تند (Capsicum anuum L.) رقم kenya آزمایشی گلخانه ای در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی شامل پنج سطح سلنیوم (صفر، 3، 5، 7 و 10 میکرو مولار) با سه تکرار انجام پذیرفت. نتایج نشان داد که افزودن سلنیوم به میزان 5 میکرومولار باعث افزایش معنی دار محتوای نسبی آب بافت برگ گیاه به ترتیب به میزان 8/12 و 8/61 درصد نسبت به تیمار شاهد گردید. همچنین این عنصر در سطوح تیمار 7 و 10 میکرومولار به ترتیب باعث افزایش 61/33 و 06/8 درصدی شاخص پایداری غشاء سلولی نسبت به تیمار شاهد شد. اعمال سلنیوم در سطوح 3 و 5 میکرومولار به ترتیب باعث افزایش 6/24 و 1/25 درصدی شاخص سطح برگ نسبت به تیمار شاهد شد. تحت تاثیر این عنصر تعداد برگ و همچنین محتوای رنگیزه های کلروفیلی افزایش یافت به نحوی که در سطح تیمار 5 میکرومولار میانگین تعداد برگ گیاه 14/15 درصد و اجزای کلروفیل (کلروفیل a،b وکلروفیل کل) نیز به ترتیب به میزان 67/64،5/38 و 8/55 در صد نسبت به تیمار شاهد افزایش نشان داد. به طور کلی نتایج حاصل از این پژوهش نشان داد که عنصر سلنیوم در سطوح پایین (5 میکرومولار) اثرات بهبود دهنده ای بر شاخص های رشدی و فیزیولوژیکی گیاه فلفل دارد. بررسی اثر تیمار سلنیوم بر ظرفیت آنتی اکسیدانی و محتوای این عنصر در بافت میوه فلفل تند درمطالعات آینده پیشنهاد می گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• رنگیزه های فتوسنتزی
• شاخص پایداری غشاء سلولی
• عناصر سودمند
• محتوای نسبی آب بافت

20.1001.1.20084730.1394.29.4.11.5

عنوان مقاله [English]

Beneficial Effects of Selenium on Some Morphological and Physiological Trait of Hot Pepper (Capsicum anuum)

نویسندگان [English]

• Leila Shekari ¹
• Mohammad Mojtaba Kamelmanesh ¹
• Maryam Mozafarian ²
• Farshad Sadeghi ³

¹ Islamic Azad University of Shiraz

² Islamic Azad University of Shiraz

³ Islamic Azad University of Shiraz

چکیده [English]

Introduction: Aluminum (Al), cobalt (Co), sodium (Na), selenium (Se), and silicon (Si) are considered as beneficial elements for plants. They are not required for all plants but they can improve the growth and development of some plant species. Selenium is an essential element for human with antioxidant and antivirus functions but is not considered essential for higher plants. Selenium is reported to be protective against cancer and more than 40 types of diseases are associated with Se deficiency. The amounts of selenium in food also depend on the amount of the element in the soil. However, its beneficial role in improving plant growth and stress tolerances is well established. Plants revealed different physiological reactions into the Se levels, some specious accumulate it unlike some which are sensitive and Se is a toxic element for them. Some studies showed that Se can reduce adverse effects of salinity, drought, high and low temperatures and also heavy metal stress by enhancing antioxidant defense and MG detoxification systems. Pepper is one of the most important vegetable crops which have strong antioxidant properties. The effect of Se on vegetable especially on hot pepper is not well documented.
Materials and Methods: Present experiment was designed in order to study the effects of different concentrations of selenium on vegetative growth and physiological trait of hot pepper (Capsicum annum cv. kenya) in hydroponic conditions in the greenhouse at the Department of Horticulture Science, Islamic Azad University of Shiraz (Iran) under natural light with a day/night average temperature of 25/17 °C, relative humidity of 50±8.5% and photoperiod 14/10 (day/night). This experiment was carried out based on completed randomized design (CRD) with 5 Se levels at (0 as control, 3, 5, 7 and 10 µM) with 3 replications. 30 days old seedling with uniform size were selected and transplanted into 4 L pot containing a mixture of peat moss and perlite (1:1). The nutrient solution was a modified Hoagland’s solution and each plant received 400 mL nutrient daily. Selenium concentrations were added by 0, 3, 7 µM Na2SeO3 (Merck, Germany) 10 days after transplanting. Leaf number (by counting), leaf area (with leaf area meter), relative water content (RWC), membrane stability index (MSI), chlorophyll and carotenoids content were determined one month after treatment applications. All data were subjected to one-way ANOVA by Statistix 8 (Tallahassee FL, USA) and the means were compared for significance by the least significant difference (LSD) test at p < 0.05.
Results and Discussion: The results showed that selenium supplement at 5 µM significantly increased relative water content by 12.8% compared to control. Se increased root growth and thus absorbed more water and increased RWC in present experiment. Selenium at 7 and 10 µM Se increased membrane stability index by 33.61 and 80.06, respectively, compared to control which may be due to increasing potassium by Se application. Selenium at 3 and 5 µM increased leaf area by 24.6% and 25.1% relation to plants which were grown without Se supplementation. Leaf number increased by application of 5 µM Se about 15.14% and chlorophyll a, b and total increased by 64.67%, 38.5% and, 55.8%, respectively, in comparison with plants grown without Se application. Carotenoid content was not affected by different Se concentrations. Se increase chlorophyll content by increasing Mg and Fe absorption, or protect of chlorophyll content against chloroplast enzymes. The highest leaf area was observed at 3 µM Se in comparison with other treatments. Se at 5 µM is beneficial for growth, photosynthesis pigments, and leaf area and leaf number. Se application had no beneficial influence on lateral shoot. The highest starch concentration was observed at 5 µM Se in comparison with other treatments and control (by about 60% in comparison with plants were grown without Se application).
Conclusion: In general, the result of present study indicated that selenium at low concentrations improved plant growth (such as leaf area and leaf number), physiological trait (relative water content and membrane stability index) and photosynthesis pigments (chlorophyll a and b) of hot pepper in hydroponic conditions. Also, it is suggested that this experiment should be repeated on some other important vegetable during growth and reproductive stages in hydroponic and soil condition and also on hot pepper quality and quantity of fruit.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Beneficial Elements
• Membrane stability index
• Photosynthesis pigments
• Relative water content

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