تاثیر سلنیوم بر روی عملکرد و ویژگی‌های رویشی کلم تکمه‌ای کشت شده در هیدروپونیک

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• رزیتا خادمی آستانه ¹
• سید جلال طباطبائی ²
• صاحبعلی بلندنظر ¹

¹ دانشگاه تبریز

² دانشگاه شاهد، تهران

https://doi.org/10.22067/jhorts4.v0i0.48532

چکیده

سلنیوم (Se) یکی از عناصر مفید در گیاهان بوده که نه تنها رشد و نمو گیاه را تحت تاثیر قرار می‌دهد، بلکه بعنوان یک عنصر مفید برای تغذیه انسان می‌باشد. به منظور ارزیابی تاثیر غلظت‌های مختلف سلنیوم بر ویژگی‌های رویشی و عملکرد کلم تکمه‌ای (Brassica oleracea var. Gemmifera) آزمایشی با شش سطح سلنیوم (0، 2، 4، 8، 16و 32 میلی‌گرم در لیتر از منبع سلنات سدیم) در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی با چهار تکرار در شرایط گلخانه‌ای انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که خصوصیات رویشی گیاهان با افزایش غلظت سلنیوم تا 8 میلی‌گرم در لیتر افزایش و بعد از آن کاهش یافت. عملکرد گیاه نیز بطور معنی‌داری (P≤0.01) تحت تاثیر تیمارهای سلنیومی قرار گرفت، بطوریکه با افزایش غلظت سلنیوم در محلول غذایی از 0 تا 8 میلی‌گرم در لیتر عملکرد افزایش و سپس کاهش یافت. حداکثر عملکرد در غلظت 8 میلی‌گرم در لیتر مشاهده شد که نسبت به شاهد40 درصد افزایش عملکرد داشت. بنظر می‌رسد افزایش سطح برگ یکی از دلایل عمده در افزایش عملکرد در اثر افزودن سلنیوم به محلول غذایی باشد. بر اساس یافته‌های این تحقیق سلنیوم را می‌توان حداکثر تا غلظت 8 میلی‌گرم در لیتر به منظور بهبود رشد و نمو گیاه به محلول‌های غذایی اضافه نمود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• آبکشت
• تعداد جوانه
• سطح برگ

20.1001.1.20084730.1396.31.1.12.4

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Se on Yield and Vegetative Characteristics of Brussels Sprouts in Hydroponics

نویسندگان [English]

• Rozita Khademi Astaneh ¹
• Seyyed Jalal Tabatabaie ²
• Sahebali Bolandnazar ¹

¹ University of Tabriz

² Shahed University, Tehran

چکیده [English]

Introduction: Selenium is a non-metallic, rare chemical element and essential for many organisms but this element is not mentioned as an essential element for plants. Due to its presence in antioxidant defense systems and hormonal balance, selenium is known to be necessary in human and animal health Plants exhibit a variety of physiological responses to selenium.Some species accumulate large amount of selenium, while many plant species are sensitive to presence of large amounts of selenium in soil and water. The mean, the maximum and tolerance level of selenium required for humans is 45, 55 and 400 micrograms, respectively (Dietary Reference). but acute toxicity level in animals are found with a concentration of 1000 ppm. Plants absorb and storage selenium in chemical form and concentration depends on pH, salinity and calcium carbonate content. High contents of selenium reduce plant growth and plant dryness, however in some plants low selenium concentrations improved growth and increase stress resistance by maintenance of chloroplast enzymes. Positive response to the use of selenium were mentioned in lettuce, potato, mustard, crap, darnel, soybean (Glycinemax L), potatoes and green tea leaves. Research has shown that there is a positive relationship between selenium concentration and glutathione peroxidase activity, which is a reason to delay aging and increase growth of aging plants. The results of this study had shown that the application of selenium treatments increased leaf area of plants and, consequently, the higher availability of asmilates, can increase plant growth. The results of the studies also indicated that all vegetative characteristics of plants are increased due to the concentration of selenium and the accumulation capacity of plants affected by selenium application. Since there is no research on the effect of selenium on cabbage, it seems that the use of this element can affect the growth and development of this plant.
Materials and Methods: This experiment was tested in a controlled condition hydroponic greenhouse of Horticulture Department, College of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, The greenhouse was covered with polyethylene monolayer and equipped with a cooling and fogging systems to control the temperature in the warm months and humidity, respectively. Daily temperatures were setted3 ± 20 3 ± 16. Seeds of Gemmifera varieties brussels cabbage weregerminated in petri dishes. Seedlings were transferred to the plastic cups (to the floating system) with perlite in four leaf stage. . Plants root system were floated in solution. Modified Hoagland nutrient solution (Table 1) was prepared (12 liters per container with 40 and 32 cm height and diameter, respectively.
Results and Discussion: Results of vegetative Brussels sprouts button showed that selenium significantly increased leaf, stem and root dry weight, leaf number and leaf area. Leaf area, leaves, stems and roots fresh and dry weight increased with increasing selenium up to 8 mg L- but then decreased due to a high concentration of selenium toxicity. There were no significant difference in the treatments on stem length, stem diameter. Number of buds was significantly (P≤0.05) affected by selenium treatments and the highest number of sprouts were in two levels of 8 and 16 mg selenium per liter, respectively. Yield and shoot dry weight showed a significant increase (at 1 percent) with increasing levels of selenium,.Conclusions Plants yield significantly (P≤0.01) affected by selenium treatments, so that selenium concentration in the nutrient solution increased from 0 to 8 mg L-1increased yield and reduced afterward. The maximum yield was observed at a concentration of 8 mg L-compared with control. Based on the findings of this study, selenium concentration can be up to 8 mg L-1 in order to improve plant growth to nutrient solution.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Floating
• Hydroponic
• Leaf area
• Number of sprouts

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