اثر تنش خشکی ناشی از پلی اتیلن گلایکول بر جوانه‌زنی و برخی صفات بذور توده‌های گیاه دارویی شنبلیله (Ttigonella foenum- graecum L.)

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• حسن فرهادی
• مجید عزیزی
• سید حسین نعمتی

دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

https://doi.org/10.22067/jhorts4.v0i0.47670

چکیده

تنش­های محیطی به ویژه خشکی، از مهمترین عوامل کاهش رشد در مراحل رشد و نمو گیاه مخصوصاً مرحله جوانه­زنی گیاه می­باشد. بدین منظور در این آزمایش عکس العمل هشت توده بومی شنبلیله از اصفهان، تبریز، همدان، ساری، چالوس، آمل، مشهد و یاسوج به تنش خشکی در طی مراحل جوانه­زنی در سطوح خشکی صفر، 3-، 6- و 9- بار که با استفاده محلول پلی اتیلن گلایکول 6000 (PEG 6000) اعمال شده بود، در آزمایشی به صورت فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار در شرایط کنترل شده در آزمایشگاه تحصیلات تکمیلی گروه علوم باغبانی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد در سال 1393 بررسی شد. صفات مورد بررسی شامل: درصد جوانه­زنی، سرعت جوانه­زنی، طول ریشه­چه، طول ساقه­چه، وزن خشک ریشه­چه، وزن خشک ساقه­چه، وزن خشک گیاهچه و نسبت طول ریشه­چه به ساقه­چه بودند. بین کلیه توده­ها و سطوح مختلف تنش برای کلیه صفات تفاوت معنی­دار (01/0p≤) مشاهده گردید و اثر متقابل برای تمامی صفات به جز طول ریشه­چه و طول ساقه­چه معنی­دار بود. توده­های مختلف پاسخ­های متفاوتی به خشکی نشان دادند به طوری­­که متحمل­ترین آن‌ها توده­های اصفهان، مشهد و چالوس بودند که در اکثر صفات اندازه گیری شده برتر بودند و توده­های آمل و ساری در رده­های بعد و توده­های تبریز، همدان و یاسوج نسبت به شش توده دیگر حساسیت بیشتری به تنش خشکی نشان دادند. بر اساس نتایج پژوهش حاضر، به نظر می­رسد بتوان از این سه توده برای اصلاح توده­هایی با پتانسیل عملکرد زیاد در مناطق خشک استفاده کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• پلی اتیلن گلایکول
• تنش خشکی
• توده بذر
• جوانه زنی
• شنبلیله

20.1001.1.20084730.1398.33.2.1.9

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating the Effects of Drought Stress Induced by Polyethylene Glycol on Germination of some Indigenous Fenugreek Landraces (Trigonella foenum- graecum L.)

نویسندگان [English]

• Hassan Farhadi
• Majid Azizi
• Seyyed Hossein Nemati

Ferdowsi University of Mashhad

چکیده [English]

Introduction: Drought is an event that happens due to lack of rainfall in a period of time. The occurrence of drought, reduces available soil water, but water losses through evaporation and transpiration is constantly increasing.  The first stage of the plant, which may be faced with drought, is germinating. Since Germination begins with water uptake, lack of water at this stage in terms of duration and intensity of the stress causes or reduce germination percentage and germination rate. Because of the heterogeneity of soils in the field and lack of control of the environmental factors such as drought, laboratory research on the stress is considered. Some of these methods can be used to study the reaction of the landraces to the solutions from materials polyethylene glycol. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of the native population of fenugreek germinating rate under drought stress conditions and identify landrace was incurred.
Materials and Methods: To investigate the effect of drought stress on germination and seedling growth characteristics of native landrace fenugreek, an experiment was conducted in a Completely Randomized Design with three replications in Seed Laboratory of University of Mashhad in 2014. The experiment treatments consisted of eight landraces of fenugreek of Esfahan, Tabriz, Hamedan, Sari, Challous, Amol, Mashhad and Yassooj on polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG 6000) at four levels: (0, 3, 6 and 9 times) were replicated three times. The stress test for the simulation of polyethylene glycol 6000 was used and the amount of material needed to create each of the stress levels using the formula Michel and Kaufmann respectively. To (control) and distilled water was used. Landraces seed of fenugreek the city of Esfahan, Tabriz, Hamedan, Sari, Challous, Amol, Mashhad and Yassooj purchased before the start of the experiment with a three percent solution of hypochlorite for two minutes to disinfect and then were washed three times with distilled water on the twelfth day, seeds and traits such as root length and root out the Petri measure.
Results and Discussion: In the study the interactions between landrace and drought, the rate of decline in most of the traits was related to native populations of fenugreek, Tabriz, Hamadan, Sari, Challous, Amol, Yasuj and Mashhad, respectively (-9 times) compared to control (0 times). As can be seen, the Isfahan landrace was more stable in most of the traits due to changes in drought levels. On the other hand, as the drought stress increased, the percentage and rate of germination of fenugreek seeds decreased. Fenugreek seed germination rate and percentage with increased drought stress the germination rate under drought stress sensitivity was higher than the percentage of germinating. The plants grow in different stages react differently to drought show seed germination and seedling production and a dry condition indicates that the plant is a potential for drought tolerance but that does not mean that the seedlings start to grow in dry conditions, can continue to grow in the same conditions.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Polyethylene glycol
• Water stress
• Seed Landrace
• Germination
• Fenugreek

مراجع

1. Ashraf M., and Waheed A. 1990. Screening of local exotic of lentil (Lens culinaris Medic.) for salt tolerance at two growth stages. Journal of Plant Soil. 128: 167-176.

2. Baalbaki R. Z., Zurayk R. A., Blelk M. M., and Tahouk S. N. 1999. Germination and seedling development of drought tolerant and susceptible wheat under moisture stress. Journal of Seed Science Technology. 7: 291-302.

3. Bukhtiar B., and Shakra A. 1990. Drought tolerance in lentil. II: Differential genotypic response to drought. Journal of Agriculture – Research Lahore. 28: 117– 126.

4. De F., and Kar R. K. 1994. Seed germination and seedling growth of mung bean (Vigna radiate) under water stress included by PEG-6000. Journal of Seed Science and Technology. 23: 301-304.

5. Devilliers A. J., VanRoyan M. W., and Theron G. K. 1994. Germination of three namaqual and pioneer species as influenced by salinity, temperature and light. Journal of Seed Science and Technology. 22:427-433.

6. Dodd G. L., and Donovan L. A. 1999. Water potential and ionic effects on germination and seedling growth of two cold desert shrubs. Journal of Annals of Botany. 86: 1146-1153.

7. Eissenstat D. M., Whaley E. L., and Volder A. 1999. Recovery of citrus surface roots following prolonged exposure to dry soil. Journal of Experimental Botany. 50: 1845-1854.

8. El-Sharkawi H. M., Farghali K. A., and Sayed S. A. 1989. Interactive Effects of Water Stress, Temperature and Nutrients in Seed Germination of Tree Desert Plants. Academic Press of Egypt.

9. Emmerich W. E., and Hardegree S. P. 1991. Seed germination in polyethylen glycol solution. Effect of filter paper exclusion and water vapor loss. Journal of Crop Science. 31: 454-458.

10. Falleri E. 1994. Effect of water stress on germination in six provenances of Pinus pinaster. Ait. Journal of Seed Science Technology. 22: 59-559.

11. Finch-Savage W. F., Phelps J. R. A., Whalley W. R., and Rowse H. R. 2001. Seed reserve-dependent growth responses to temperature and water potential in carrot (Daucus carota L.). Journal of Experimental Botany, 52: 2187-2197.

12. Hosseini H., and Rezvani Moghadam P. 2006. Effect of water and salinity stress in seed germination on Isabgol (Plantago ovata). Iranian Journal of Field Crop Research, 4: 15-22. (In Persian)

13. Hucl P. 1993. Effects of temperature and moisture stress on the germination of diverse common bean genotypes. Journal of Plant Science. 73:697-702.

14. Iraki S. N., Bressan R. A., and Carpita N. C. 2006. Cell walls of tobacco cells and changes in composition saaocited With reduced growh upon updation to water and slain stress. Journal of Plant Physiology. 91: 48 -53.

15. Jaleel C. A., Manivannan P., Wahid A., Farooq M., Jasim H., Somasundaram R., and Pannerselvam R. 2009. Drought stress in plants: a review on morphological characteristics and pigments composition. International Journal of Agriculture & Biology.11:100-105.

16. Longenberger P. S., Smith C. W., Thaxton P. S., and McMichael B. L. 2006. Development of a Screening Method for Drought Tolerance in Cotton Seedlings. Journal of Crop Science Society of America. 46: 2104–2110.

17. Macar T. K., Turan O., and Ekmekci Y. 2009. Effects of water deficit induced by PEG and NaCl on chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cultivars and lines at early seedling stages. G.U. Journal of Crop Science. 22: 5-14.

18. Maye, A. M., and Poljakoff-Mayber A. 1989. The germination of seeds. 4ed. Oxford: ergamon Press.

19. Michel B. E., and Kaufmann M. R. 1973. The osmotic potential of polyethylene glycol 6000. Journal of Plant Physiology. 51: 914-916.

20. Nagashiro C., and Shibata W. F. 1995. Influence of flooding and drought conditions on herbage yield and quality of phases bean (Macroptilium lathyroides). Journal of Grassland Science. 41: 218-225.

21. Odoemena C. S. 1988. Breaking of seed coat dormancy in a medicinal plant Tetrapleura tetraptera. Cambridge Journal of Agricultural Science. 111: 393 – 394.

22. Omid baigi R. 2004. Production and processing of medicinal plants. Astane Ghodse Razavi Publication. 149: 3-397. (In Persian).

23. Pahlevanpor A. 1995. Phsiological effects of por irrigation condition on snail medics. Msc thesis of Shiraz University. (In Persian).

24. Prisco J. T., Baptista C. R., and Pinheiro J. L. 1992. Hydration seed Pre-treatment and its effects on germination under water stress condition. Journal of Revta Brasil Botany. 15: 31-35.

25. Sarmadnia G. h. 1997. Seed thechnology. (translate). Jahad Daneshgahi-e-Mashhad press. (In Persian).

26. Singh K. B., and Saxena M. C. 1993. Breeding for Stress Tolerance in Cool-Season Food Legumes. The Hague, The Netherlands: Martinus Nijhoff/Junk.

27. Smithson J. b., Thompson J. A., and Summerfield R. j. 1985. Chickpea in grain Legume crops. 312-390.

28. Soltani A., Gholipoor M., and Zeinali E. 2006. Seed reserve utilization and seedling growth of wheat as affected by drought and salinity. Journal of Experimental Botany. 55: 195- 200. (In Persian).

29. Tobe K., Zhang L., Qiu G. Y., and Shimizu H. 2001. Characteristics of seed germination in five non-halophytic Chinese desert shrub species. Journal of Arid Environments. 47: 191-20126.