افزایش ماندگاری گل بریدنی ژربرا رقم ‘Rosalin’ با استفاده از نانوکامپوزیت‌ها به عنوان محلول نگهدارنده

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• سیمین گراوند ¹
• سیده فرزانه موسوی ²
• سیده هدی حکمت آرا ³

¹ دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ایلام، ایلام، ایران

² دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران

³ گروه فیزیک، دانشکده علوم پایه، دانشگاه ولیعصر، رفسنجان، ایران

https://doi.org/10.22067/jhs.2022.76018.1154

چکیده

ژربرا یکی از مهم­ترین گل­های شاخه بریده است که عمر گلجای کوتاهی دارد. مانند سایر گل­های شاخه بریده، یکی از نگرانی­های اصلی پس از برداشت این گل کاهش کیفیت آن است. کاربرد نانولوله‏های کربنی به عنوان محلول‏های نگهدارنده موجب افزایش جذب آب، تعادل روابط آبی و افزایش عمر گلجای گل‏های شاخه بریده می‎شود. تجمع، پراکندگی نامناسب و آبگریزی شدید از معایب نانولوله‏های کربنی است که مانع پراکنش مطلوب در محلول گلجای می‏شود. در این تحقیق برای افزایش پراکندگی نانولوله‏های کربنی چند دیواره از انواع پلیمرها (پلی وینیل پیرولیدون، پلی­اتیلن گلیکول و سورفکتانت غیریونی تریتون ایکس 100) استفاده شد تا تاثیر آن‏ها در ماندگاری گل شاخه بریده ژربرا مورد بررسی قرار گیرد. آزمایش به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با چهار تکرار اجرا شد. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل شاهد (آب مقطر)، نانولوله­های کربنی عامل­دار شده با پلی وینیل پیرولیدون (1 و 2 میلی‏گرم بر لیتر)، نانولوله­های کربنی عامل­دار شده با پلی اتیلن گلیکول (1 و 2 میلی‏گرم بر لیتر) و نانولوله­های کربنی عامل­دار شده با تریتون ایکس 100 (1 و 2 میلی‏گرم بر لیتر) به صورت تیمار کوتاه مدت (24 ساعت) بودند. در این آزمایش عمر گلجای، وزن تر نسبی گل، میزان جذب آب، محتوای نسبی آب گلبرگ و محتوای نسبی آب ساقه اندازه‏گیری شد. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین عمر گلجای با 5/22 روز مربوط به تیمار نانولوله­های کربنی عامل­دار شده با تریتون ایکس 100 با غلظت 2 میلی‏گرم بر لیتر بود که ماندگاری گل‏ها را حدود 8 روز نسبت به شاهد افزایش داد. نانوکامپوزیت­های موجود در محلول گلجای بر وزن تر نسبی و جذب آب ساقه های بریدنی تأثیر داشتند. در این مطالعه مشخص شد که جذب آب الگوی مشابه وزن تازه گل دارد و ظرفیت جذب آب ساقه به تدریج با گذشت زمان کاهش می­یابد. بر اساس نتایج، تغییرات وزن تر و جذب آب در ساقه گل‏های تیمار شده با نانولوله­های کربنی عامل­دار شده با پلی اتیلن گلیکول با غلظت 1 میلی­گرم بر لیتر کندتر بود. استفاده از نانولوله­های کربنی عامل­دار شده با تریتون ایکس 100 با غلظت 1 میلی گرم بر لیتر در محلول گلجای سبب شد تا محتوای نسبی آب گلبرگ و ساقه حفظ شود. تصویربرداری با میکروسکوپ الکترونی روبشی تایید کننده حرکت نانولوله‏ها به بخش‏های بالایی گل و جذب و جابجایی آن‏ها در ساقه گل بریدنی ژربرا بود. یافته‌های تحقیق حاضر نشان داد که جمعیت باکتری در انتهای ساقه تیمار شاهد بیشتر از جمعیت باکتریایی انتهای ساقه گل‌های تیمار شده با نانوکامپوزت­ها بود. نانولوله‏های کربنی چند دیواره همراه با پلی وینیل پیرولیدون، پلی اتیلن گلیکول و تریتون ایکس 100 ترکیبات موفقی در افزایش جذب آب، حفظ کیفیت و افزایش ماندگاری گل‏ شاخه بریده ژربرا بودند. بنابر نتایج این آزمایش، حذف موانع جریان آب در ساقه بریده به حفظ ماندگاری و تاخیر در پیری گل کمک می­کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• باکتری
• جذب آب
• سورفکتانت غیریونی
• عمر گلجای
• نانولوله‏های کربنی چند دیواره

20.1001.1.20084730.1402.37.1.19.3

موضوعات

• فیزیولوژی پس از برداشت

عنوان مقاله [English]

Increasing Vase Life of Cut Gerbera cv. Rosalin Flowers Using Nanocomposites as Preservative Solution

نویسندگان [English]

• Simin Garavand ¹
• Seyyedeh Farzaneh Mousavi ²
• Seyyedeh Hoda Hekmatara ³

¹ Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University. Ilam, Iran

² Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modarres, Tehran, Iran

³ Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran

چکیده [English]

Introduction
 Gerbera is one of the most important cut flowers that has a short vase life. Like other cut flowers, one of the main concerns after harvesting this flower is reducing its quality. The application of carbon nanotubes as preservative solutions increase water uptake, balances water relations, and increases the vase life of cut flowers. Agglomeration, lack of proper dispersion, and severe hydrophobicity are the disadvantages of carbon nanotubes that prevent optimal dispersion in the solution. In this study, polymers (polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), polyethylene glycol (PEG), and non-ionic surfactant Triton X-100) were used to increase the dispersion of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). Their effect on the longevity of cut gerbera flowers was also investigated.
Materials and Methods
The experiment was performed as a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with four replications. Gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii cv. Rosalin) flowers with fully opened ray florets were purchased. During transportation, each cut flower was covered individually with a cellophane sheet and was placed inside a box of paper to minimize water loss. Gerbera stems were placed in a vase solution as pulse treatment for 24h. Treatments included various concentrations of nanocomposite including control (distilled water), MWCNTs-PVP nanocomposite (1 and 2 mg L^-1), MWCNTs-PEG nanocomposite (1 and 2 mg L^-1), and MWCNTs-Triton X-100 nanocomposite (1 and 2 mg L^-1). Distilled water was used for the control treatment. After the cut gerbera flowers underwent pulse treatment, they were placed individually into glass vases filled with distilled water. Throughout the experiment, the vase life, relative fresh weight, water uptake, relative water content of petals and stems, as well as the bacterial population at the end of the stem were measured.
Results and Discussion
 The study showed that the MWCNTs-Triton X-100 with a concentration of 2 mg L-1 provided the longest vase life of cut flowers, with a duration of 22.5 days, which was an 8-day increase compared to the control. The other nanocomposites (MWCNTs-PVP and MWCNTs-PEG) also improved the longevity of the cut flowers compared to the control. The nanocomposites in the vase solution affected the relative fresh weight and water uptake of the cut stems. The study found that the water uptake pattern was similar to the fresh weight of the flower, and the water uptake capacity of the stem gradually decreased with time. The MWCNTs-Triton X-100 with a concentration of 1 mg L-1 resulted in the highest amount of water uptake. Cut flowers pulsed with this concentration exhibited the highest relative water content in both petals and stems. The application of MWCNTs-PEG nanocomposite (1 mg L^-1) in vase solution increased the relative fresh weight of gerbera cut flowers. Our findings suggest that MWCNTs can increase water uptake, resulting in increased fresh weight in the cut stem. SEM analysis revealed that after the evaluation period, MWCNTs were detected in the stem of cut gerbera and deposited on the stem's internal surface. Our finding showed that the bacterial population at the end of the stem in control treatment during the vase life period was higher than the bacterial population at the end of the stem of flowers treated with MWCNTs-Triton X-100 treatment (2 mg L^-1). Therefore, reducing bacterial blockages in the xylem vessels improves the water uptake and vase life of cut flowers.
Conclusion
 When gerbera cut flowers are harvested and kept in vase solutions, they face some challenges including wounding and water stress. Continuity of water flow in cut flower stem after cutting is an important factor in determining postharvest quality and longevity of cut flowers. Applying a solution containing well-dispersed MWCNTs is a novel approach for facilitating the entry of this nanotube into plants. The use of a composite of MWCNTs with X-100, PVP, and PEG exhibits excellent dispersion properties in the aqueous media of vase solution. These nanocomposites were successful compounds in increasing water uptake, maintaining fresh weight, and increasing the vase life of gerbera cut flowers. The findings of the present study showed that nanocomposites inhibit bacterial growth. These results suggest that the elimination of barriers to water flow in the cut stem helps to keep the longevity and delayed senescence.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Bacteria
• Multi-walled carbon nanotubes
• Non-ionic surfactant
• Vase life
• Water uptake

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